EEE 4273

Mobile Cellular Communication

3 Credits 3 hours/week

MD. AMINUL ISLAM

Lecturer, Dept. of EEE, AUST
Introduction:
Concept, evolution and fundamentals, analog and digital cellular systems.
Cellular Radio System:
Frequency reuse, co-channel interference, cell splitting and components.
Mobile Radio Propagation:
Propagation characteristics, models for radio propagation, antenna at cell
site and mobile antenna.
Frequency Management and Channel Assignment:
Fundamentals, spectrum utilization, fundamentals of channel assignment,
traffic and channel assignment.
Handoffs and Dropped Calls:
Reasons and types, forced handoffs, mobile assisted handoffs and dropped call rate.
Diversity Techniques:
Concept of diversity branch and signal paths, carrier to noise and carrier to
interference ratio performance.
Digital Cellular Systems:
Global system for mobile, time division multiple access and code division multiple
access. GSM, AMPS, GPRS, EDGE, W-CDMA, 3rd generation of mobile
communication, Packet switching and data communication
 Reference books

Wireless communications : principles and

practice

By- Theodore S. Rappaport

Wireless and Cellular Telecommunications

By- William C. Y. Lee

 History of mobile
communications
Before 1946, half-duplex push-to-talk telephone system with 120 KHz RF
bandwidth (per channel) was used
In 1946, first public mobile telephone was introduced in 25 major
American cities (a single high power Tx is used to cover 50 km)
In 1950, FCC (Federal Communication Commission) double the number of
channels per area with channel BW 60 KHz
By the mid 1960 FM BW of voice transmission was cut to 30 KHz
By 1976, the Bell Mobile phone service for NY city market (10,000,000
people) had only 12 channels and could serve 543 customers
There was a waiting list of 3,700 people
Service was poor due to call blocking and usage over the few channels
 History of mobile
communications
During 1950 to 1960, AT&T Bell Laboratories and other telephone
companies developed the theory and techniques of cellular radiotelephony
The idea is a subscriber will carry a small-sized Tx-Rx with an assigned RF
channel through which PSTN subscriber can call mobile subscriber and vice-
versa
In 1973 17th October, Dr. Martin Cooper patent to Motorola for radio
telephone system. Today this cell phone is the enlarge version of this
technology and he is the father of cell phone.
In 1st May of 1974 FCC took a step to establish spectrum of 115 MHz
wavelengths (2300 channels used for cellular phone service)
 History of mobile
communications
Following table can give clear conception on cellular Ph. Initialization:
Year Events
May 1978 First cellular phone was marketed in Bahrain
July 1978 Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) start in NA by AT&T and
Bell system joint venture
December, Started in Tokyo, Japan and within 5 years whole country
1979
1983 Aurora 400 system introduced instead of AMPS . Next NMT
(Nordic Mobile Telephone) tech. was introduced
Later TACS (Total Access Comm. Sys.) C-Netz, Radicom-2000,
RTMI, RTMS technologies were used for mobile comm. Now
more sophisticated technology is used throughout the whole
world.
EEE 4273

Mobile Cellular Communication

Lecture 1

 Classification of mobile cellular communication system

o 1G (1st generation,analog,1982+)
 AMPS,NMT,TACS.
o 2G (2nd generation, digital,1992+,9.6-14.4kbps)
 GSM, D-AMPS(IS-136),CDMA 1x(IS-95A).
o 2.5G (Intermediate multimedia, 2001+,57.6-171kbps)
 HSCSD, IS-95B, GPRS
o 2.75 ( Intermediate multimedia+, packet switched network for data,2003+,384-553Kbps)
 EDGE(E-GPRS),CDMA 2000 1x RTT(144kbps)
o 3G (Multimedia, 2004+, 2Mbps)
 UMTS (WCDMA), CDMA 2000 3x RTT, CDMA 1x EV/DO/DV.
o 3.5G+(High speed Multimedia, all IP network 2006+, 10mbps+)
 HSDPA,HSUPA,HSPA,UMB
o 4G (Ultimate multimedia, 2010+,1Gbps)
 LTE(Long Term Evolution)

 Evolution path for different technology

 Evolution of GSM
 Comparative study of various cellular technologies

Features Spectrum

Channel/ Carrier

Voice per FDMA

Up Down

Channel Band

Channel(slot)
No. of FDMA
Modulation
Technology
Gen. Link Link

Additional
width(Hz)

Data rate

Remarks
Example

(MHz) (MHz)
Time/
Place

1G AMPS 1982 FDMA FM 824- 869-894 30K 25M/30 1 N/A Ckt switching
/US /FDD 849 K =833
2G GSM 1992/ FDMA GMSK 890- 935- 200K 125 8 9.6K Ckt switching
Europe +TDMA 915 960
/FDD
2G IS-95A 1992 FDMA OQPSK 824- 869-894 1.25M 20 64 14.4k Ckt switching
/US +CDMA 849
/FDD
2.5G HSCSD 2001/ FDMA GMSK 890- 935- 200K 125 8 57.6K 1.Ckt switching.
Europe +TDMA 915 960 (=14.4k 2.GSM+ new SW
/FDD /slotX at BTS only.
4slot) 3.Requires new
Handset
2.5G GPRS 2001/ FDMA GMSK 890- 935- 200K 125 8 171.2K 1. Ckt + Pkt
Europe +TDMA 915 960 (=21.4k switching.
/FDD /slot X 2. GSM+ new
8slot) SW +new
Hardware for
packet data.
3.Requires new
Handset
2.75G EDGE 2003/ FDMA 8PSK 890- 935- 200K 125 8 553K 1. Ckt + Pkt
Europe +TDMA 915 960 (=69.2k switching.
/FDD /slot X 2. GSM+ new
8slot) SW +new
Hardware for
packet data.
3.Requires new
Handset
3G UMTS 2004+/ FDMA+ QPSK 880- 925- 5M 7 128 2 Mbps 1. Ckt + Pkt
Europe WCDMA 915 960 switching.
/FDD 2. Completely
new setup+ new
SW +new
Hardware for
packet data.
3.Requires new
Handset