CRITICAL BOOK REPORT

IDENTITY OF TRIGONOMETRY

CREATED BY:
GROUP V
NADYA ANANDA (
ELKANA (
THASYA LEONITA PANE (4183111108)

Dosen Pembimbing :
Andrea Arifsyah Nasution, S.Pd., M.Sc. (198606042015041002)

Bilingual Mathematics Education 2018

MATHEMATICS DEPARTEMENT
FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN 2018

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 PREFACE

Praise and gratitude for the presence of the Almighty God, because of his mercy and
grace, we are from group V can complete this critical book report (CBR) on time. The title
of this CBR is "Identity of Trigonometry".
This CBR is structured to fulfill one of the general Trigonometry course assignments.
On this occasion we would like to Andrea Arifsyah Nasution, S.Pd., M.Sc.as a lecturer in
trigonometry courses who have supported us in the completion of this CBR . We also want
to thank the parties who helped in making this CBR which we cannot mention one by one.
This CBR preparation is far from perfect, and this is a good step from the real study.
Therefore we are very hopeful of constructive criticism and suggestions from the readers.
Hopefully this CBR can be useful for compilers in particular and for general readers.

Medan, February 22nd 2019

Group V

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 CONTENTS

PREFACE ...................................................................................................................................................... i
CONTENTS.................................................................................................................................................. ii
CHAPTER I .................................................................................................................................................. 1
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Purpose of CBR ........................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Benefit of CBR............................................................................................................................. 1
1.4 Book’s Identity ............................................................................................................................ 1
CHAPTER II................................................................................................................................................. 3
BOOK SUMMARY...................................................................................................................................... 3
CHAPTER III ............................................................................................................................................... 5
DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................................................... 7
CHAPTER IV ............................................................................................................................................... 3
CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................................. 3
BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................................................ iii
ATTACHMENT .......................................................................................................................................... iv

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 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

1.2 Purpose of CBR

1.3 Benefit of CBR

1.4 Book’s Identity

Book 1
1. Title : Trigonometry for Dummies
2. Edition : The Second Edition
3. Author : Mary Jane Sterling
4. Publisher : John Wiley & Sons, Inc
5. City of publication : Canada
6. Year of publication : 2014
7. ISBN : 978-1-118-82746-8

Book 2
1. Title : Geometry and Trygonometry
2. Edition : The Second Edition
3. Author : Patrick D. Barry
4. Publisher : WP(Woodhead Publishing)
5. City of publication : USA
6. Year of publication : 2015
7. ISBN : 978-0-12-805066-8

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 CHAPTER II
BOOK SUMMARY

BOOK I
Identities are divided into different types, or categories, in order to help you remember
them more easily and figure out when to use them more efficiently.
Flipping Functions on Their Backs: Reciprocal Identities
Here’s how the reciprocal identities are defined:
 The reciprocal of sine is cosecant : 1 sin csc θ = θ
 The reciprocal of cosine is secant : 1 cos sec θ = θ
 The reciprocal of tangent is cotangent: 1 tan cot θ = θ
 The reciprocal of cotangent is tangent: 1 cot tan θ = θ
 The reciprocal of secant is cosine : 1 sec cos θ = θ
 The reciprocal of cosecant is sine : 1 csc sin θ = θ
In true fashion, when you multiply the reciprocals together, you get 1:
sin θ · csc θ = 1
cos θ · sec θ = 1
tan θ · cot θ = 1

Function to Function: Ratio Identities

Trig has two identities called ratio identities. The ratio identities create ways to write tangent and
cotangent by using the other two basic functions, sine and cosine.
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
The ratio identities are tan 𝜃 = and tan 𝜃 = .
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃

Opposites Attract: Opposite-Angle Identities

The opposite-angle identities change expressions with negative angles to equivalences with
positive angles. Negative angles are great for describing a situation, but they aren’t really handy
when it comes to sticking them in a trig function and calculating that value.
The opposite-angle identities for the three most basic functions are
sin(–θ) = –sin θ
cos(–θ) = cos θ
tan(–θ) = –tan θ

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Revisiting the Classic Theorem: Pythagorean Identities
The Pythagorean identities are building blocks for many of the manipulations of
equations and expressions. They provide a generous number of methods for solving problems
more efficiently, because they allow you to write complicated expressions in a much simpler
form.
The Pythagorean identities are
sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1
tan2 θ + 1 = sec2 θ
1 + cot2 θ = csc2 θ
The exponential notation used in these identities is peculiar to trigonometry. The
expression sin2 θ actually means (sin θ)2

Combining the Identities

 Sine in terms of cosine : 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = ± √1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃
tan 𝜃
 Sine in terms of tangent : sin 𝜃 =
±√𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃+1
1
 Sine in terms of cotangent : sin 𝜃 =
±√1+𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃

±√𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 − 1
 Sine in terms of secant : 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃
1
 Sine in terms of cosecant : 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝜃

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 BOOK II
COSINE AND SINE OF AN ANGLE

When A,B and C are collinear there are two cases to be considered. One case is when A ∈
[B,C] so that |BAC is straight. Then each of 𝛼 co−sp 𝛼 is a straight-angle and as P = S, we have
U = S, V = A
So the formula :
 Cos 𝛼 = cos (co- sp 𝛼) = -1
 Sin 𝛼 =sin (co- sp 𝛼) = 0

A second case is when C ∈ [A,B so that one of , 𝛼 co−sp 𝛼 is a null-angle with indicator
[A,B and the other is a full-angle with indicator [A,B1 where A is between B and B1 . Both of the
indicators are in H1 and H2, but as P=Q we have U=Q V=A
So the formula :
 Cos 𝛼 = cos (co- sp 𝛼) = 1
 Sin 𝛼 =sin (co- sp 𝛼) = 0

use the ratio results for triangles to show that the values of cos 𝛼 and sin 𝛼 do not depend on the
particular point P ∈ [A,C chosen. Take k1 > 0 and let P1, Q1, R1 be the points in [0,P , [0,Q , [0,R ,
respectively, each at a distance k1 from 0. Let U1 == 𝜋 OI P1), V1 = 𝜋 OJ(P1)
So the formula is :

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When instead P ∈ H4, we have 0 ∈ [Q,U] so |0,U| = |Q,U| − k and similarly |0,U1| = |Q1,U 1|− k1. On
inserting these we obtain,
So the formula :


When P ∈ 0I we have either P = Q or P = S. When P = Q, we have P1 = Q1 and the formula
checks out. It checks out similarly in the cases when P is R, S or T.
So the formula :

Thus it makes no difference to the values of cos 𝛼 and sin 𝛼 if P is replaced by P1

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CHAPTER III
DISCUSSION

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CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Mary Jane Sterling. 2014. Trigonometry for Dummies. Canada: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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 ATTACHMENT
BOOK I

iv
BOOK II