Axioskop 20 Mikro 08/1989 8.1.3 Principle of Operation Usage Supply of the 6V / 20W halogen lamp in AXIOSKOP 20 Technical Data Maximum power input 40 VA. Maximum lamp voltage ~6 Vins fuse ratings at > 220... 240V 120V Fland F2 TO25A TOSA Circuit Description Principle of Phase Control +v Ac ‘ Lamp Regulation voltae ° v +V | trigger 1 __l_,¢ pulse v +v, : lamp : t °. voltage vv . Phase control is used to regulate the brightness of an incandescent lamp. It takes advantage of the property of a triac of remaining conduetive after being triggered once by a pulse of current until the next. crossover of the AC voltage occurs. The triac functions as a switeh. Phase control refers to shifting the moment of triggering in relation to the AC voltage crossover. The further the moment of triggering is away from the following crossover, the more power is consumed by the load (by the lamp). If the triac is triggered directly following the crossover, the lamp achieves maximum brightness. The figure above shows how the phase shift ofthe trigger pulse influences the voltage consumed by the lamp.8.1.4 08/1989 . Mikro Axioskop 20 Internal Voltage Supply IC Ni requires approx. -13V supply voltage at pin i. An AC voitage (approx. ~20V), originating from transformer T1, is fed to the PCB at X1/X2 and rectified. The rectifier circuit consists of resistor R1, diode V1 and capacitor C1 Adjustment of the Lamp Voltage ‘The user can set the lamp brightness using potentiometer Ri, which is connected to the PCB over connector X7. An approx. -8.7V reference voltage is available at pin 10 of IC N1. The slider of potentiometer RI taps off part of the reference voltage. This part is applied to pin 5 of IC N1. The following relation applies Maximum lamp voltage + approx -3.5V at the slider contact. ‘Minimum lamp voltage = approx -0.5V at the slider contact. ‘Trim potentiometer RG is connected in series with potentiometer R1 and is used to align the ~ 6 Vrms maximum lamp voltage. Regulation and Stabilization of the lamp voltage Rectifier circuit V4, R14, C6 generates a posilive,DC voltage from the !amp voltage, which is used as a reference of the power consumed by the lamp. ‘The voltage is applied to pin 5 of IC N1 over resistor R5. ‘The ignition pulses for triac V6-appear al’ vutput pin 2 of IC Ni. ‘The phase position of the ignition pulses, and ultimately the brightness of the lamp, is regulated so that the.oum of the positive and negative voltages at pin 5 of IC1 equals OV. This allows for stepless adjustment of the lamp voltage and for its stabilization, too. Load Current Cireuit and Load Current Limitation ‘Triac V6, resistors R9 and R10, which are connected in parallel, the 6V / 20W lamp and the secondary coil (approx. ~ 9V) of transformer Tl form a series circuit. The brightness of the lamp is determined by the phase position of the ignition pulses at output pin 2 of IC N1. When the current flowing through the lamp increases, the voltage drop at R9/ R10 also increases. This voltage is rectified by R11 / V3 /.C4, C5 and fed to control input pin 14 of IC N1. If the voltage at pin 14 surpasses an approx. 1V threshold, the load current limitation becomes active. Additional Functions ‘An LED may be connected directly to X8:1 and X8:2 for displaying the operating state,Axioskop20 Mikro 08/1989 8.1.5 Important! Proceed according to safety precautions! Some of the contacts conduct mains voltage! Grounding Allopen metal parts must have good contact (< 1 2) to the grounding contact of the mains plug. Note: Always check and, if necessary, re-align the maximum lamp voltage after a PCB or another electrical component has been exchanged. : Alignment © Connect.an rms voltmeter to contacts XB and X6 ofthe PCI © Switch the instrument on and turn potentiometer R1 clockwi © Using R6, set the lamp voltage to6.2 Vrms: :