CONTENTS

3-1 Expressing future time: be going 3-7 Using the present progressive to express
to and wíll future úrne
3-2 Forms with be going to 3-8 Using the simple present to express
3-3 Forms with will future time
3-4 Sureness about the future 3-9 lmmediate future: using be about to
3-5 Be going to vs. will 3-1O Parallel verbs
3-6 Expressing the future in time
clause and if-clauses

□ EXERCISE l. Preview: future tim e . (Charts 3-1 • 3-6)

Direaions: Use the given words to make sentences about the futurc. Work ín pairs, in
groups, or as a class.

Exam ples: I . . . around four this afternoon.

- ► I' m going to go home around four ihis afiernoon.

you ... tomorrow?

Will YQU be in class tomorrow?

1. I . . . this evening.
2. the teacher ... next week?
3. I . . . probably . . . later today.
4. what time ... you . . . tomorrow morning?
5. you . . . later this (morning/aftem oonJeve n.in g)?
6. computers . . . in the furure.*
7. what . . . you . . . this weekend?
8. I may . . . in a few days.
9. we ... after we finish chis exercise .
1O. I . . . before I ... tomorrow.

*In the futur e = American English; in future = Bri ti s h En glish.

55
 3-1 EXPRESSING FUTURE TIME: BE GOING TO AND WILL
FUTURE (a) I arn going to leave at nine
comorrow morning.
(b) I will leave at nine tomorrow
mo rnin g.
(e) Marie is going to be at the
meeting coday.*
(d) Marie will be at the meeting
today.
Be going to and will are used to express
future time .
(a) and (b) have the same meaning .
(e) and (d) have the same meaning.
WiU and be going to often give the
same meaning, but sometimes they
expres s different mea nings. The
di fferences are discussed in Chart 3-5,
p. 63.

(e) J shall 1eave at nine tomorrow morning. The use of shall (with I or we) to express future time is
(f) We shall leave at nine tomorrow morning. possible but in freque nt.

*Today , tonig ht , and this + morning, aft er noon , evening, week, etc., can express present , past , or future time.
PRESENT: Sam is in his o/ fice this morni11g .
PAST : Ann was i11 her o/f ice this morning at eighi, bul now she's at a meeting.
FU f URE: Bob is going to be in hú o/ fice this morning aftcr his dentisl ap poimmem .

3-2 FORMS WITH BE GOING TO

(a) We are going to be late. Be going to is followed by the simple form of the
(b) She's going to come tomorrow . verb, as in (a) and (b) .
ll\'CORRECT: Sh e's going to comes tomorrow.

(e) Arn QUESTION: be + subject + going to

Is I he, she, ít } going to be late?
Are they, we, you
(d) I am not } NEGATIVE : be + not + going to
He, she, it is not going to be lat e.
They, we, you are not
(e) "H urr y up! We' re gonna be late!" Be going to is more common in speaking and in
informal writing than in formal writing . In informal
speaking, it is sometimes pronounced " gonna "
/g-;,n-;,/.
"Gonna" is not usually a written form.

□ EXERCISE 2. BE GOING TO. (Charts 3-1 and 3-2)

Directions: Complete the sentences wíth be going to and the words in parentheses .

1. A: What (you, do) owe yo½ gioi\\gi to J.o rhis afternoon?

B: I ( work) O\IM gioi\\B t-o wov\::. on my report.

2. A: Where (Alex, be) later ronight?

B: He (b e) at Kim's hou se.

56 CHAPTER 3
 3. A: (you,ft,"nish) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____ ___ _ _ _ this exercise soon?

B: Yes, I (finish) ____ ___ ___ _____ _ _ it in less rhan a minute.

4. A: When (you, call) _ _ _ ___ ___ ___ ___ _ _ your sister?

B: I (call, not) _ _ ____ ____ ___ _ _ her. I (send)

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ _ _ her an e-mail.

5. A: What (Dr. Price, talk) _ _ _ ___ ______ ___ _ _ about in her

speech tonight?

B: She (dtscuss)
----------------- the economy of Southeast
Asia.

□ EXERCISE 3. BE GOING TO . (Charts 3-1 and 3-2)

Directions: Pair up with a classmate. Use be going to to talk about plans and intentions.
(NOTE: You may wísh to practice saying "gonna," but also practice enunciating the full
for m.)
Speaker A: Ask a question using be going to and che given words. Your book is open.
Speaker B: Answer the question in a complete sentence, using be going to. Your book is
closed.

Example: What ... do next Monday?

SPEAKER A (book open): What are you going to do next Monday?
SPEAKER B (book closed): I'm going to go to my classes as usual.

Exarnple: watch TV tonighc?

SPEAKER A (book open): Are you going to watch TV tonight?
SPEAKER B (book closed): Yes, I'm going to watch TV tonight. OR No, I'm not goíng to
watch TV tonight.

1. where ... go after your last class today?

2. have pizza for dínner tonight?
3. what ... do this evening?
4. when ... visit my hometown?
5. visit ... sometime in che future?
6. what ... do this coming Saturday?

Switch roles.
7. what time ... go to bed tonight?
8. what ... wear tomorrow?
9. wear your ... tomorrow too?
Future Ti me 57
 1O. how long ... stay in this city?
11. cake a trip sometime chis year or next?
12. where ... go and what ... do?

58 CHAPTER 3
D EXERCISE 4. Review of verb form s: post, present, and future.
(Chapters l and 2; Charts 3-1 and 3-2)
Direcúons: Complete the dialogue with your own words. Toe dialogue reviews che forms
(statemem, negative, question, short answer) of the simple present, símple past, and be
going to.

Example:
A: I hiuhhiked to school yesterday.

B: Oh? That's interesting. Do you hitchhike to school every day?

A: Yes, I do. I hitchhike w school every day.
B: Do you also húchhike home every day?

A: No, I don't. Etc.

l. A: I yesterday.
2. B: Oh? That's interesting. you every day?
3. A: Yes, I I every day.
4. B: you also every day?
5. A: No, I I every <lay.
6. B: you yesterday?
7. A: Yes, I I yesterday.
8. B: you also yesterday?
9. A: No, I I yesterday.
10. B: ve_ you tomorrow?
11. A: Yes, I I tomorrow.
12. B: you also tomorrow?
13. A: No, I I tomorrow.

D EXERCISE 5. Presen t, post, and future time. (Chapters l and 2; Charts 3-1 and 3-2)
Directions: Pair up with a classmate.
Speaker A: Ask Speaker B a question about his or her activities. Use what and the given
time expressions. Your book is open.
Speaker B: Answer the question in a complete sentence. Your book is closed.

Example: this evening

SPEAKER A (book open): What are you going to do chis evening?
SPEAKER B (book closed): I'm going to get on the Internet for a while and then read.

Switch roles.
1. yesterday 7. ronight
2. tomorrow 8. che day after tomorrow
3. right now 9. Iast week
4. every day 10. next week
5. later today 11. every week
6. the <lay before yesterday 12. chis weekend

Future Ti me 57
 3-3 FORMSWITH WILL
STAT EMENT 1-You-She-He-l t-We-They will come tomorrow.

NEGATIVE I-You-She-He-lt -We-T hey will not (won't) conie tomorrow.

QUESTJON Will I-you-she-he-ic-we-they come tomorrow?

SHORT Yes,} 1-you-she-he-it-we-they {will.*

AJ's¡SWER No, won't.

CONTRACTIONS l'II she'll we'll Will is usually contracted with pronouns in

you'll he'll 1hey'll both speech and informal writing.
ú'll

Bob + will = "Bob'll" Will is often contracted with nouns in

the teacher + will = "the teacher'll" speech, but usually not in writing.

"'Pronouns are NOT contracred with helping verbs in short answers .

CORRECT: Y<is, Í wi/1.
I r:o RRF.CT: ¼>s, l '/ 1.
h

□ EXERCISE 6 . Forms with WILL. (Chart 3-3)

Directions: Practice using con traction s with will. Write the correct contraction for the
words in parent heses. Practice pronunciat io n.
1. (1 will) _ _ e_1.1)1 _ _ _ be home at eight tonight.

2. (Uíé will) _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ do well in the game tomorrow.

3. (}óu will) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ probably get a letter today.

4. !<aren is collecting shells at the beach. (She will) be hom e

around sundown.
5. Henry hurt his heel c1ímbing a híll. (He will) probably stay
home today.
6. (lt will) probably be too cold to go swimming tom orr ow.
7. I invited sorne guests for dinner. (They will) probably get here
around seven.

0 EXERCISE 7. Forms with WILL. (Chart 3-3)

Directions: Read the following sentences aloud. Practice concracting will with nouns in speech.
1. Rob will probably call tonight. ("Rob'll probably cal/ tonight.")
2. Dínner will be at seven.
3. Mary will be here at six tomorrow.
4. The weather will probably be a little co]der tomorrow.
5. The parry will start at eight.
6. Sam will help us move into our new aparcment.

Future Time 59
 7. My friends will be here soon.
8. The sun will rise at 6:08 tomorrow morning.

60 CHAPTER 3
3-4 SURENESS ABOUT THE FUTURE
100% sure (a) I will be in class tomorrow. OR In (a): Toe speaker uses will or be going to
I a1n going to be in class tomorrow. because he feels sure about his fucure activity.
He is staring a fact about the future .

90% sure (b) Po will probably be in class tomor row. In (b) : The speaker uses probably to say that
OR he expects Po to be in class tomorrow, but he
Po is probably going to be in class is not l 00% sure. He's almost sure, but not
tomorrow. completely sure.
(e) Anna probably won't be in class Word order with probably:*
tomorrow. OR (1) in a statement, as in (b):
Anna probably isn't going to be in helping verb + probably
class tomon:ow. (2) with a negative verb , as in (e):
probably + helping verb

50% sure (d) Ali 1nay come to dass tomorrow, or
Ali 1nay not come to class tomorrow .
I don't k.now what he's going to do.
(e) Maybe Ali will come to class, and
niaybe he w on' t . OR
Afaybe Ali is going to come to class,
and maybe he isn't .
May expresses a future possibility: maybe
something will happen, and maybe it won't
happen."'* In (d):The speaker is saying that
maybe Ali will come to class, or maybe he
won 't come to class . The speaker is guessing.
Maybe + willlbe going to gives the
same meaning as m ay . (d) and (e) have the
same meaning .
Maybe comes at che beginning of a sentence.

..See Chart 1- 3, p. 9, for more informa tion about placemenc of midsencence adverbs such as proba.bly.
*"See Chart 7-3, p. 193 , for more informacion about ,nay.

D EXERCISE 8. Sureness about the future. (Chart 3-4)

Direa ion s: Discuss how sure the speaker is in each sentence.

1. The bank will be open tomo rrow.

- ► The speaker is very sure.

2. l'm going to go to the bank tomorrow.

3. l'11 probably go to the post office too.

4. I may stop at the market on my way home .

5. Ms. White will probably be in the office around nine tomorrow morning.

6. Mr. Wu will be in the office at seven tomorrow morning.

7. Mr. Alvarez may be in the office early tomorrow morning.

8. The sun will rise tomorrow.

9. I'm going to go to the art museum this Saturday, and I may go to the natural history
museum too.

1O. Abdul is probably going to come with me.

Future Time 61
 □ EXERCISE 9 . Sureness about the fu ture: using PROBABLY. (Chart 3-4)
Direaions: Far each situation, predict whac will probably happen and what probably won't
happen. lnclude probably in your prediction. Use either will ar be going to.

1. Antonio is 1ate to c1ass almost every day.

(be on time romorrow? be late again?)
Anwnio probably won't be on time tomorrow. He'll probably be late again.
2. Rosa has a terrible co1d. She feels miserable.
(go to work tomorrow? stay home and rest?)
3. Sam didn't sleep at all last night.
(go to bed early tonight? stay up ali nighr again tonight?)
4. Ms. Bok needs to travel to a nearby cicy. She haces to fly.
(take a plane? travel by bus or train?)
5. M.r. Chu is out of town on business. He needs to contact his assistant right away.
(call her on the phone or e-mail her? wait until she calls him?)
6. Gina laves to run, but right now she has sore knees and a sore ank1e.
(run in the marathon race chis week? skip the race?)

O EXERCISE l O. Sureness about the future. (Chart 3-4)

Directions: First the teacher will find out sorne information from Speaker A, and then ask
Speaker B a question. Speaker B will answer using may ar maybe if s/he's simply
guessing or probably íf slbe's fairly sure. Only the teacher's book is open.

Exarnple:
TEACHER (book open): Who's going to visít an interesting place in thís city soon?
SPEAKER A (book closed): (Speaker A raises hislher hand.) I am.
TEACHER (book open): Where are you going to go?
SPEAKER A (book closed): To the zoo.
TEACHER (book open): (Speaker B), how is (Speaker AJ going ro get to the zoo?
SPEAKER B (book closed): I have no idea. He may walk, or he rnay take a bus. Maybe he'll ride
his bike. OR Well, it's pretty far from here, so he'll probably take a
bus.

1. Who's going to visit an interesting place soon?

Where are you going to go?
Question to Speaker B: How is (Speaker A) going to get to (name of place)?
2. Who is going to stay home tonight?
Question to Speaker B: What is (Speaker AJ going to do at home ronight?
3. Who's going to go out this evening?
Question to Speaker B: What is (Speaker A) going to do this evening?
4. Who's going to take a trip soon?
Where are you going?
Question w Speaker B: How is (Speaker AJ going to get to (name of place)?
5. (Speaker A), please tell us three things you would like to do this weekend.
Question to Speaker B: What is (Speaker A) going to do this weekend?

62 CHAPTER 3
□ EXERCISE 11. Sureness about the future . (Chart 3-4)
Directions: Answer the questions using will, be going to, or 1nay. Include probably or
rnaybe as appropriate. Work in pairs or as a class.

Example: What will you do after class tomorrow?

-► l'll probably go back to my apartment . OR
l'm not sure. 1 may go to the bookstore.

1. Will you be in class tomorrow?

2. Will ( ... ) be in class tomorrow?
3. Is ( . . . ) going to be in class a month from now?
4. What will the weather be like tomorrow?
5. Will the sun rise t:omorrow morning?
6. Is ( . . . ) going to sir in the same sear in class again tomorrow?

(Switch roles if working in pairs.)

7. What are you going to do after class tomorrow?
8. What is ( . . . ) going to do after class romorrow?
9. Will we (do a particular activity) in class romorrow?
10. Who will be the next (head of scate in this country)?
11. How will the Internet change srude nts' lives?
12. How will the Internet change everyone's life?

□ EXERCISE 12. Ac tivity: using WILL, BE GOING TO , and MAY. (Charts 3-1 3-4)
Directions: In groups oras a class, use the given topics to discuss the future. The topics
can a!so be used for writing practice.

1. Clmhes: Will clothing styles change much in the next 1O years? The next 100 years?
What kind of clothing will people wear in the year 3000?
2. Education: Will computers replace teachers?
3. Communications: Will computers take the place of telephones? Will we be able to see
the people we're talking to?
4. Space: Will we discover other forms of life in the universe? Will humans colonize other
planets someday?
5. Environment: What will the earth's environment-its water, air, and land-be like in
100 years? Will we still have rainforests? Will animals live in the wild? Will the sea
still be a plentiful source of food for humans?
6. Music: Will any of today's popular music still be popular 50 years from now? Which
songs or singers will last?
7. Transportation: Will we still use fossil fuels to power automobiles by the end of this
century? Will most automobiles use electric motors in the future? Will cars use other
sources of power?
8. Science: How will genetic engineering affect our food supply in the future?

Future Time 63
 3-5 BE GOING TO vs. WILL
(a) She is going to succeed beca use she works Be going to and will mean the same when they are
hard. used to make predictíons about che future.
(b) She will succeed because she works hard. (a) and (b) have the same meaning.

(e) I bought sorne wood because I ani going to
build a bookcase for my apartment.
(d) This chair is too heavy for you to carry alone.
l'll help you .
Be going to (but not will) is used to express a prior
plan (i.e., a plan made before the moment of
speaking). In (e): The speaker p\ans to build a
bookcase.
Will (but nor be going to) is used to express a
decision the speaker makes at the moment of
speaking. In (d):The speaker decides to help at thc
immediare present moment; he did not have a prior
plan or incemion to help.

O EXERCISE 13. BE GOING TO vs. WILL. (Charts 3-1 - > 3-5)

Directions: Discuss the italicized verbs in che following dialogues. Are the speakers expressing
(1) plans they made before the moment of speaking, or
(2) decisions they are making at the moment of speaking?

1. A: Did you return Pam's phone call?

B: No, I forgot. Thanks for reminding me. I'll call her right away.
- > Speaker B makes the decision at the momem of speaking.

2. A: I 'm going to call Martha la ter chis evening . Do you want to tal l< to her too?
B: No, I don't think so.
3. A: Jack is in town for a few days.
B: Really? Greac! I1ll give him a cal!. Is he sraying at his Aunt Rosa's?
4. A: Alex is in town for a few days.
B: I know. He called me yesterday. We're going to get together for a drink after I get
off work tonight.
5. A: Are you leaving)
B: Yes. I'm going to go far a short walk . I need sorne fresh air.
A: l'lljoin you.
B: Great! Where should we go?
6. A: I 'm going w take Mohammed ro che airport tomorrow morning. Do you want to
come along?
B: S ure.
7. A: We're going to go ro Uncle Jacob's over the holiday. Do you wam to come with us?
B: Gee, I don't know. I'll rhink about it. When do you need to know?
8. . A: Children, I have a very special job ro do, and I need sorne help. I'm going to Jeed
Mr. Whískers, the rabbit. Who would like to help me?
B: Me!
C: 1 will!
D: Me! Me! I will!
E: I will! I will!

64 CHAPTER 3
□ EXERCISE 14. BE GOING TO vs. WILL. (Charts 3-1 3-5)
Dfrections: Complete the sencences with be going to or will.

l. A: Why did you buy chis flour?

B: I 1
i.N\ Ból\\B to make sorne bread.

2. A: Could someone get me a glass of water?

B: Certainly. I _'1_\ geytou one. Would you like sorne ice in it?

3. A: Are you going to go to the post office soon?

B: Yes. Why?
A: I need to send this letter today.
B: I mail it for you.
A: T han ks.

4. A: Why are you carrying that box?

B: I _ _ _ ____ _ mail it to my sister. I'm on my way to the post office.

5. A: Could someone please open the window?

B: I -------- do it .

A: T han ks.

6: A: What are your vacarion plans?

B: We _ _ ___ _ _ _ spend two weeks on a Greek island .

7. A: I have a note for Joe from Rachel. I don't know what to do with it.
B: Let me have it. I give ir to him. He's in my algebra class.
A: Thanks. But you have to promise not to read it.

8. . A: Did you know that Sara and I are moving? We found a great apartment
on 45th Street.
B: That's terrific. I _ _ _ ___ _ _ help you on moving day if you like.

A: Hey, great! We'd really appreciate that.

9. A: Do you have a car?

B: Yes, but I sell it. I don't need ir now that I live in the city.

l O. A: Do you want to walk to the meeting together?

B: Okay. I _ _ _ ___ _ _ meet you by the elevator. Okay?

Future Time 63
 A: Okay. I wait for you th ere.

64 CHAPTER 3
3-6 EXPRESSING THE FUTURE IN TIME CLAUSES AND
JF-CLAUSES
time clause
(a)1 Be/ore I go to class tomorrow 1 , I'm going to
eat breakfast .

(b) l'm going to eat breakfastl be/

tomorrow J
or e I go to class
b
ae
ft/eorre
when
l
In (a) and (b): befare I go to class tomorrow is a future
time clause.

as soon as
until
+ . .
sub;ect and verb = a nme clause

whi/,e

(e) Befare 1 go home tonight, I'm going to stop at
the market.
(d) l'm going to eat dinner at 6:00 tonight.
After 1 eat dinner, I'm going to study in my
room.
(e) 1'11 give Rita your message when I see her.
(f) It's raining right now. As soon as che rain
stops, l'm going to walk downtown.
(g) l'11 stay home until the rain stops.
(h) While you're ai school tomorrow, I'll be at work.
The simple present is used in a future time clause.
Will and be going to are NOT used in a future time
clause .
!NCORRECT: Befare 1 will go to class, l'm going co eat
breakfast.
!NCORRECT: Befare I am going co go to class comorrow,
l'm going to eac breakfast.
Ali of the example sentences, (e) through (h), contain
future time clauses.

(i) Maybe it will rain tomorrow. lf it rains In (i): lf it rains tomorrow is an if-cla use.
tomorrow, I'm going to stay home. if + subject and verb = an i/-clause
When the meaning is future, the simple present (not
will or be going to) is used in an if-clause.

D EXERCISE 15. Future time clauses and IF-c la uses . (Chart 3-6)
Directions: Underline the time clauses and correct any errors in verb use.

1. Before I 'm geing to return to my country next year, I'm going to finish my graduate

degree in computer science.

2. Toe boss will review your work after she will return from vacacion next week.

3. I'll give you a call on my cell phone as soon as my plane will Iand.

4. I don't especially like my current job, but I'm going to stay with this company until I

will find something better.

5. I need to know what time the meeting starts. Please be sure to call me as soon as you

will find out anything about it.

Future Time 65
 6. When you will be in Australia next month, are you goíng to go snorkelíng at the Great

Barrier Reef?

7. If ít won't be cold tomorrow, we'll go to the beach. If it will be cold t0morrow, we'II

go to a movie.

□ EXERCISE 16. Future time clauses and IF-clauses. (Chart 3-6)

Directúms: Use the given verbs to complete the sentences. Give a future meaning to the
sentences.
l. takelread
I '11 YeO-\J- the textbook before I - +- O\ -e the final exam next month.

2. returnlcall

Mr. Lee his wife as soon as he to the

hotel ronight.

3. come/be, not
I home tomorrow when the painters -------- to
paínt my apartment. Someone else will have to let them in.

4 prepare/go
Before I tomy job ínterview tomorrow, I _
a list of questions I want tO ask about the company.

66 CHAPTER 3
 5. visitlcake
When Sandra _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ us this coming weekend, we _

het
r
ooufavorite seafood restaurant.

6. stay/call
I__ ___ ___ _ by the phone until Rosa ____ _____*

7. mi ss /com e, not
If Adam to work tomorrow morning, he _a
very important meeting.

8. get!be/eai
lf Barbara home on rime tonight, we
dinner ar 6:30 . If she _ _ _ _ ____ _ late, dinner _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ late.

□ EXERCISE 17. Future IF- cla use s. (Chart 3-6)

Directions: Make sentences about the following possible condiriorn;. Use if and add your
own ideas. Pay special attention to the verb in the if-clause. Work in pairs.
Speaker A: Give che cue as written in the text. Your book is open.
Speaker B: Use the cue to creare a semence with an if-clause. Your book is closed.

Example:
SPE.AKER A: Maybe you'll go downtown tomorrow.
SPEAKER B: If I go downtown tomorrow, I'm going ro buy sorne new cloth es/go to the post
office/etc.

1. Maybe you'll have sorne free time tomorrow.

2. Maybe it'II rain tomorrow.
3. Maybe it won't rain tomorrow.
4. Maybe the teacher will be absent tomorrow.

Switch roles.
5. . Maybe you'll be tired tonight.
6. Maybe you won't be rired tonight.
7. Maybe it'll be nice comorrow.
8. Maybe we won't have class tomorrow.

"Time clauses beginning with until usua lly follow che main clause.
Usual : I'm going to stay by the phone until Rosa ca/Is.
Possible but le ss Lts ual: Until Rorn calls, I'm going to stay by the phoue.
Future Time 67
□ EXERCISE 18. Future time clauses with BEFORE and AFTER. (Chart 3-6)
Directions: Each item consists of two actions. Decide which action you want to do first.
Use be/ore or after to say what you intend to do. Then perform the actions. Work in
pairs, groups, or as a class. Pay special attention to the verb in the time clause.

1. touch your ear / close your grammar book

I'm going to close my grammar book before lafter I LOuch my ear. OR
Before/Afier I close my grammar book, I'm going LO LOuch my ear.
2. raise your hand, touch your foot
3. sir down, stand up
4. clap your hands, slap your knee
5. shake hands with ( ... ), shake hands with ( ... )
6. scratch your chin, pickup your pen
7. Think of other actions LO peiform.

□ EXERCISE 19. Future time clauses with UNTIL and AS SOON AS. (Chart 3-6)
Direccions: Listen to the direcrions; state what you're going to do; then perform che actions.
Work as a class with the teacher as rhe leader or in groups with one student designared as
leader. Only the leader's book is open; everyone else has a closed book.

Example: (Studem A), stand up until (Student B) stands up. Toen sit down.
(Student A), please tell us what you're going to do.
(Student B), please tell us what (Student A) is going ro do.
(Student C), please tell us what (Student A) is going to do until (Student B)
stands up.
LEADER: Ali, l'd like you ro stand up until Kim stands up, and then sit down.
Ali, please tell us what you're going to do.
AU: I'm going to stand up until Kim stands up. Then l'm going to sir down.
LEADER: Kim, please tell us what Ali is going to do.
KlM: He's going to stand up until I stand up. Toen he's going to sit down.
LEADER: Maria, tell us what Ali is going to do as soon as Kim stands up.
MARIA: As soon as Kim stands up, Ali is going to sit down.

Students A and B then perform the actions.

1. (Student A), sít at your desk until (Student B) knocks on the <loor. Then get up and
walk to the door.
(Student A), please tell us what you're goíng to do.
(Szudent B), please tell us what (Student A) is going to do.
(Student C), please tell us what (Student A) is going to do as soon as (Student B)
knocks on the <loo r.
2. (Student A), hold your breath until (Siudenc B) snaps his/her fingers. Toen breathe
again.
(Student A), please tell us what you're going to do.
(Student B), please tell us what (Student A) is goíng to do.
(Student C), please tell us what (Student A) is going to do as soon as (Student B)
snaps his/her fingers.

68 CHAPTER 3
 3. (Student A), clap your hands until (Student B) bows. Then stop clapping your hands.
(Student A), please tell us what you're going to do.
(Student B), please tell us what (Student A) is going to do.
(Student C), please tell us what (Student A) is going to do as soon as (Student B)
bows.

D EXERCISE 20. Review of time clauses and IF-clauses. (Chapters 1 3)

Directions: Complete the sentences by using a form of the words in parenth eses. Read
carefully for time expressions.

1. a. Befare Toro (go) ----.-Jgl-"-ó.,.,e'"""s to bed, he always (brush)

his teeth.

b. Before Toro (go) _ _ _ _ _ _ to bed later tonight, he (e-mail)

his girlfriend.
c. Before Tom (go) _ _ _ __ _ _ to bed last night, he (cake) _
a shower.

d. While Tom (take) _ _ ____ ___ _ a shower last night, the phone (ring)

e. As soon as the phone (ring) last nighc, Tom Oump)

ouof the shower to answer it.
f. As soon as Toro (get) -------- up comorrow morning, he (brush)
his teeth.
g. Tom always (brush) _ _ _____ _ _ _ his teeth as soon as he (get)

- - - - - - - - up.

2. a. After I (get) _ ___ ___ _ home from work every afternoon, I usually

(drink) a cup of tea.

b. After I (get) _ _____ _ _ home from work tomorrow afternoon, I (drink)

___ ____ _ _ _ a cup of tea.

c. I (have, not) _ _ ________ _ any tea until I (get) ----,-----

home from work tomorrow.

d. After I (get) _ ___ ___ _ home from work yesterday, I (drink)

___ ___ _ _ a cup of tea .

Future Time 69
 _____ _ a cup oftea yesterday afternoon,
e. While I (drink) _ _ _ _ _ _

my neighbor (come) over, so I (o/fer)

her a cup of tea too.
f. My neighbor (drop, probably) _ _ _ _ _ ___ ___ _ _ over again

tomorrow. If she (come) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , I (make)

a cup of tea for her.

70 CHAPTER 3
D EXERCISE 21. Writing about the post and the future . (Chapters 2 and 3)
Directions: Write two paragraphs. Show the tíme relationships by using words such as
before, after, when, while, as soon as, next, then, later , after that.
Paragraph 1: a detailed description of your day yesterday.
Paragraph 2: a detailed description of your day tomorrow.

3-7 USINGTHE PRESENT PROGRESSIVETO EXPRESS

FUTURETIME
(a) Tom is going to come to the party tom orro w. T he prese nt progressive can be used to express
(b) Tom is coming to che party tomorrow. future time. Each pair of example sentences has
che same meaning .
(e) We're going to go to a m ovie ton ight.
(d ) We're going to a movie tonight. The present progres sive d escr ib es definile plans for the
future, plans that were made befare the momem of
(e) I' m going to stay hom e chis evening. speaking .
(f) I'm staying home this evening.
(g) Ano is going to fly to Chicago next week. A future meaning for the presen t progressive is
(h) Ann is jlying to Chicago next week. indicat ed either by furure time words (e.g.,
tomorrow ) or by che situation.*

(i) You're going to laugh when yo u hear chis joke.
(j) INCOR R.ECT: You're laughing when you hear thisjolie.
The present progressive is NOT use d for predictions
about che future. In (i) : The speaker is predicting a future
event. In (j): The presenr progr essive is not
p ossib le; laughing is a prediction, not a planned
future event.

*c,o, U' ARE: Presem sítuatíon: Look.l Mary's coming. Do you sce her?
Furure sítuation: Are you planning w come w ihe parr:y? Ma, y 's conting. So is A /ex.

□ EXERCISE 22. Using the present progressive to express future time. (Chart 3-7)
Dir ea ions: Complete the dialogues with any of the following verbs that make sense . Use
the present progressive if possible . Discuss whether the pn.:sent progressive expresses
present or future time .

cut go spend
do leave siay
drive meet iake
fly

l. A: What --- O\Ye_ - - - y ou tomorrow afternoon?

B: I - - - oi."'"--''-,g,.,¡o=l\.\g)
= - - to the mal!.

A: Why?
B: I Ol,IM. -gd)-O"'-l"'-'.\'gd)--- - - shopping for sorne new clothe s. How abouc you?

Whac _ _ __ _ _ _ you tomorrow afternoon?

Future Time 69
 _____ ___ _ _ _ to a movie with Tom . After the movie, we
A: I

____ ___ ___ _ out to dinner. Would you like to meet us for dinner:i

70 CHAPTER 3
 B: No, thanks. I can't. I Heidi at 6:30 at the new
seafood restaurant on Fifth Street.

2. A: What courses _ _ _ ___ _ _ you _ _ ___ _ _ _ this year?

B: I English, biology, math, and psychology.

A: What courses _ _ _ ___ _ _ you _ _ ___ _ _ _ next year?

B: I _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ English literature, chemistry, ca lculus, and history.

A: That should keep you busy!

3. A: I _ _ _ _____ ___ _ on vacation tomorrow.

B: Where you _ _ _ ___ _ _ ?

A: To San Francisco.

B: How are getting there? you _ ___ ___ _ or

your car?

A: I . Ihave to be at the airport by seven tomorrow

morning.
B: Do you need a ride to the airport?
A: No, thanks. I __ _ __ _ __ _ _ a taxi . Are you planning to go

somewhere over vacation?

B: No. I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ here.

4. A: Stop! Annie! What you ?

B: I my hair, Moro.
A: Oh dear!

Future Time 71
72 CHAPTER 3
 5. A: You haven't seen my passport, have you?
B: N o. Why?
A: I need it beca use I _ _ ___ ___ _ _ for Taipei next Monday.

B: Oh? How long will you be there?

A: A week. I _ _ ___ _____ _ _ _ the first few days with my brother, who

to school there. After that I- - - - - - - - - sorne old

friends I went to school with in Australia severa! years ago. They've invited me to be
their house guest.
B: Sounds like a great trip. Hope you find your passport .

D EXERCISE 23. Using the present progressive to express future time. (Chart 3-7)
Direction s: Pair up with a classmate. Tell each other your plans. Use the present
progressive.
Example: What are your plans for this evening?
SPEAKER A: I'm staying home. How about you?
SPEAKER B: I'm going to a cybercafe to send sorne e-ma ils. Then I'm going to the English
Conversacion Club . I'm meeting Anna there.
What are your plans . . .
1. for the resr of today?
2. for tomorrow or the next day?
3. for this coming weekend?
4. far the rest of this month?

D EXERCISE 24. Writing: using the present progressive to express future time. (Chart 3-7)
Directions: Think of a place you would like to visir. Pretend you are going to take a trip
there this weekend. You have already made ali of your plans. Write a paragraph in which
you describe your trip. Use che present progressíve where appropriate.

Example: This coming weekend, my friend Gisella and I are taking a trip. We're going to
Nashville, Tennessee. Gisella likes country music and wanrs to go to sorne shows.
I don't know anything about country music, but I'm looking forward to going to
Nashville. We're leaving Friday afternoon as soon as Gisella gets off work. (Etc.)
Possible questions to answer in your paragraph:
1. Where are you going?
2. When are you leaving?
3. Are you traveling alone?
4. How are you getcing there?
5. Where are you scaying?
6. Are you visiting anyone? Who?
7. How long are you staying there?
8. When are you getting back?
Future Time 73
 3-8 USINGTHE SIMPLE PRESENTTO EXPRESS
FUTURETIME
(a) My plane arrives at 7:35 tomorrow evening.
(b) Tom's new job starts next week .
(e) The semester ends in iwo more weeks.
(d) There is a meeting at ten tomorrow morning.
The simple present can express future time when
events are on a definire schedule or timetable.
Only a few verbs are used in the simple present to
express furure time. Toe most common are
arrive, leave, start, begin, end, finish, open,
close, be.

(e) INCORRECT: I wear my new suii to the wedding
next week.
CORRECT: / am wearing/am goúzg to wear my new
suit to the wedding next week.
Most verbs cannot be used in the simple present
to express future time. For example, in (e): The
verb wear does not express an event on a schedule
or timetable. It cannot be used in the simple
present to express future time.

O EXERCISE 25. Using present verb forms to express future tim e. (Charts 3-7 and 3-8)
Direccions: Circle the correct possible completions and cross out those that are incorrect.
1. The concert at eight tonight.

@begins @ is beginning/is going to begin

2. I seafood pasta for dinner tonight.

a. make @ am making/am going to make

3. I _ _ _ to school tomorrow morn ing . I need the exercise .

a. walk b. am walking/am going to walk

4. The bus at 8:15 tomorrow mo rning.

a. leaves b. is leaving/is going to Jeave

5. I the championship game on TV at Jim's house tomorrow.

a. watch b. am watching/am going to watch

6. The game at one tomorrow afternoon.

a. starts b. is srarting/is going to start

7. Alex's plane ar 10:14 tomorrow morning.

a. arrives b. is arriving/is going to arrive

8. I can't pick him up tomorrow, so he the airport bus into the city.

a. rakes b. is taking/is going to take

74 CHAPTER 3
 3-9 IMMEDIATE FUTURE:
(a) Ann's bags are packed, and she is wearing her
coat. She is about to leave for the airport.
(b) Shhh. The movie is about to begin.
Toe idiom "be about to do something" expresses
an acriviry that will happen in the immediaie fúture,
usually within minutes or seconds. In (a): Ann is
going to leave sometime in the next few minutes.

□ EXERCISE 26. Using BE ABOUT TO. (Chart 3-9)

Directi.ons: Describe the actions that are about to happen in the picrures. Use be about to.

□ EXERCISE 27. Using BE ABOUT TO. (Chart 3-9)

Directions: What are the following people probably about to do? Create pictures of rhem
in your irnagination.
1. Jack is holding his camera to his eye. He has his finger on the button.
He's about to take a picture.

2. The door is closed . Sally has her hand on the doorknob.

3. Eric is on the last question of the examination.

Future Time 75
 4. Nancy has dirty hands from working in the garden. She is holding a bar of soap. She
is standing at the bathroom sink.

5. Ben is putting on his coat and heading far the door.

6. Rita is holding a fly swatter and staring at a fly on the

kitchen table.

7. Mr. Tomko has just checked to make su.re the

doors are locked and turned off the lights in the
living room. He's heading toward the bedro om .

□ EXERCISE 28. Using BE ABOUT TO . (Chart 3-9)

Directions: Think of an action to perfarm. Don't revea! what it is. Get ready to do it, but
just befare you perfarm the action, ask the class to describe what you are about to do.
Perform with a partner if you wish.

Exam ples: ( . . . ) walks to the chalkboard and picks up the eraser. The class guesses
correctly that he is about to erase the board.

( ... ) and ( . . . ) hold out their hands to each other. They are about to shake
hands.
Suggeslio ns for actions to prepar e to perform:
1. stand up
2. open the door
3. elose the window
4. pickup your pen
5. elose your book
6. etc.

0 EXERCISE 29. Pre vie w: parallel ve rb s. (Chart 3-1O)

Directions: Correct the erro rs.

1. Fifteen years from now, my wife and I will retire and travel -iftg all over the world .

2. I opened the door and invite my friend to come in.

3. If I feel tense, I close my eyes and thinking about nothing at ali.

4. Pete is in the othcr room. He's listening to music and scudy for his chemistry exam.

5. lt's hot in here. I'm going to open the window and turning on the fon.

76 CHAPTER 3
 3-10 PARALLEL VERBS
v and v Often a subject has tWO verbs that are connected by
(a) Jim l m,a k es I his bed land 11 cl ea ns I up his room and. We say that the two verbs are parallel:
every morning . v + and + v
makes and cleans =' p arallel verbs

(b) Ann is coohing dinner and (is) talking on the
phone at the same rime.
(e) I will stay home and (will) study tonight.
(d) I am, going to stay home and (am going to)
study tonight.
lt is not necessary to repeat a helping verb (an
au.xiliary verb) when i:w-o verbs are connected by
and.

□ EXERCISE 30. Parallel verbs. (Chart 3- 1O)

D-irections; Complete the sentences with the correct forms of che words in parentheses.
l. When I (walk)- - WOl.\\:-=e J_.. _ _
into the living room yesterday, Grandpa (read)
_____ ___ _ _ a newspaper and (smoke) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ his pipe.

2. Helen will graduare soon. She (move) NewYork and

t
o

(look) _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ for a íob after she (graduare) _ _ _ _ ___ ___

3. Every day my neighbor (call) me on the phone and (complain)

about the weather.

4. Look at Erin! She (cry) a

n
(laugh) at the
same time. I wonder if she is happy or sad?

5. I'm beat! I can't waít to get home. After I (get) _ _ _ ___ _ _ home, I (take)

____ ___ _ _ _ a hot shower and (go) _ _ ____ _ _ to bed.

6. Yesterday my dog (dig) _ _ _ ___ _ _ a hole in the back yard

and (bury) abone.

7. I'm tired of this cold weather. As soon as spring (come)

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ , I (play)
tennis and úog) in the park as often
as possible.

8. While Paul (carry) _ _ ___ ___ _ brushes and paint

and (climb) _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a ladder, a bird (fl.y)

Future Time 77
 ____ _ down and (sit)
___

on his head. Paul (drop) the paint

and (spill) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ it ali over the ground.

78 CHAPTER 3
 9. When I first (arrive) in
this city and (sean) _
going to school here, I knew no one. I was lonely and felt that I didn ' t have a friend in
the world.
One day while I (watch) _ _ _ _ ___ ___ _ _ TV alone in my room

and (feel) sorry for myself, a woman I had met in one of

my das ses (knock) on my door and (ask)
me if I wanted to accompany her to the studenc center. That was the beginning of my
friendship with Lisa King.
Now we ( see) _ _ ___ _ _ _ each other every day and usually (spend)

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ time talking on the phone, too. Later this week we (borrow)

_____ ___ _ her brother's car and (go) to
visir her

aunt in the country. Next week we (cake) _ _ ___ ___ ___ _ a bus to

Fall City and (go) a foocball game. I'm really enjoying our
to
friendship.

D EXERCISE 31 . Review: verb form s. (Chapters l -> 3)

Direaions : Complete the sencences with the correct forms of the words in paren theses .

l . I usually (ride) --'-vt=J..-'-'e""--- my bicycle to work in the morning, but it (rain)

______ ___ _ when I left my house early this morning, so I (take)

che bus. After I (arrive) at work, I

(discover) _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ that I had left my briefcase at home.

2. A: Are you going to take the kids to the amusement park tomorrow morning?
B: Yes. lt (open) at 10:00. Ifwe (l,eave)
here at 9:30, we'll get there at 9:55. The kids can be the first ones in the park.

3. A: Ouch!
B: What happened?
A: I (cut) my finger.
B: It (bleed)
A: I know!

B: Put pressure on it. 1 (get) sorne antibiotic and a

bandage.

Futu ra Time 77
 A: Thanks.

78 CHAPTER 3
 ____ _ _ _ to a lecture on Shakespeare tomorrow evening.
4. A: I (go) _ _ _

Want to join me?

B: N ah. Brian and I (go) ---------- to a m ovie - Godzilla Eats the
Earih.

5. A: Your phone (ring)

B: 1 (know)
A: (you, answer) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - it?
B: No.

A: (you, want) me to get it?

B: No thanks.

A: Why (you, want, not) _ _ _______ _ _ _ to answer your phone?

B: I (expeci) another call from the bill collector. I

have a bunch of bilis I haven't paid. I (want, not) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to talk to her.
A: Oh.

6. A: What (you, wear) _ _ _______ ____ _ to Eric's wedding

tomorrow?

B: My blue dress, I guess. How about you?

A: I (plan) towear my new outfit. I (buy)
it just a few days ago. It (be) a yellow suit
with a white blouse. Just a minute. I (show) it to you.
Wair right here. I (gec) _ ________ _ it from my closet and (bring)

it out.

7. A: Look! There (be) _ a police car behind us. Its lights (flash)

B: I ( know) ___ ___ _ _ ! I (krww) I (see)

-------- ir.
A: What (go) _ _ _____ _ on? (you, speed) _ _ _____ _ _ _ _ ?

B: No, I'm not. I (drive) _ _ ______ _ _ the speed limir.

Futu ra Time 79
 us.
A: Ah, look . Toe police car (pass)
B: Whew!

8. A: (ihe sun, keep) _ _ _ _ _ ____ ___ _ _ burning forever, or (it, burn,

eventual/y) _ ____ _____ _____ ___ _ _ irself out?

B: It (burn, eventual/y) _ _ _ ________ _____ _ _ itself out, but

thar (happen, not) for billions of years.

80 CHAPTER 3
 9. Sometime in the next twenty-five
years, a spaceship with a human
crew (land)
on Mars. I (think)
they (jind)
evidence of sorne kind of life forms
there, but I (expect, not)
them to encoumer sentient beings.
Someday, however, I (believe) _
that humans (make) contact with other intelligent beings in the
umverse.

D EXERCISE 32. Review: verb forms. (Chapters l 3)

Directions: Complete the sentences with a form of the verb in parentheses.
(1) Three hundred and fifty years ago, people (make) their own
clothes. They (have, not) _ _ _ ____ ___ _ _ machines for making clothes.

There (be, not) any clothing factories. People (wear) _

homemade clothes that were sewn by hand.
(2) Today, very few people (make) their own clothes. Clothing
(come) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ready-made from factories. People (huy)

almost all their clothes from seores.

(3) The modern clothing industry (be) _ _ ___ _ _ _ internacional. As a

result, people from different countries afeen (wear) _ _ _ ___ _ _ similar clothes.

Far example, people in many different countries throughout the world (wear)
jeans and T-shirts.
(4) However, sorne regional differences in clothing still (exist)
Far instance, people of the Arabian deserts (wear) loase, flowing
robes to protect themselves from the heat of the sun. In parts of northern Europe, fur hats
(be) common in the winter.
(5) In the future, there (be, probably) fewer and
fewer differences in clathing. People throughout the world (wear)
clothes from the same factories. (we ali, dress) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - alike

Future Time 79
 in the future? TV shows and movies abour the future often (show)
everybody in a uniform of sorne kind. What (you, think) ?

80 CHAPTER 3
□ EXERCISE 33. Error a na lysis: summary review of p resen t, post, and future time.
(Chapters l 3)
Di-reciions: Correct the errors.

1. I used to kick -ed- my sister's legs.

2. We had a test last week> and I past it.

3. I not like the food in the United State.

4. I use to get up at noon> but now I have to be at work by eight.

5. I scudy hardly every day> but my english is not be improve.

6. Everyone enjoy these English classes.

7. At the picnic, we sang songs and talk to each other.

8. I learn the english in my school in hong Kong before I come here.

9. I like co travel. I gonna go to new and interesting places all my life.

10. Now I study at chis school and I living with my cous in. I am always meec my friends

in the cafeceria and we talking about our classes.

11. When I wake up in the morning. I am turning on che radio. Before get up.

12. I am live with an American family. They are having four childrens.

13. When I was at the outdoor market, I pointed at the chicken I wanted to buy. The man

was taking it from a wooden cage and kill it wirhout merey.

14. Every day I wake up when the birds begin to sing. If the weather not to be cloudy, I

am seeing a beautiful sunrise from my bed.

15. My husband and children they are going to join me after I will finish my English

course.

Future Time 81
 D EXERCISE 34. Error a na lysis: summary review of presen t, post, and future time.
(Chapters 1 _, 3)
Directions: Rewrite the paragraphs . Correcr any errors in grammar, spelling, or
punctuation. If you wish, change the wording to improve the expression of che ideas.

l. I want to tell you about Osear. He my cousin. He comes here four years ago. Befare
he carne here, he study statistics in Chile. When he leaves Chile to come here. He
carne with four friends. They were scudying English in Ohio. Then he went to New
york stayed there for three years. He graduaced from NewYork University. Now he
study at this school. After he finish his Mascer's degree, he return to Chile.
2. Long ago in a faraway place, a lonely man move into a new neighborhood. His first
projecc is his new garden. He begun to work on it right away. He wanting to make a
perfect garden. One day sorne friendly neighbors and their children visitted the man
in his garden and helpped him with the work. They planting flowers and build a small
bridge across a little stream. Ali of them were very happy during they were building
the bridge and work on the garden. The man was especially happy because he's no
longer lonely. While the adults work.ing, sorne of their children plaied with a ball in che
garden while they were play, one of them step on a ílower. Suddenly che man was
getting very angry and tell everyone to leav e. Ali the neighbors leaved and go back to
their own homes. After that, the man builded a wall around his garden and lock the
gate. Por the rest of his life, the man sat alone in his garden every evening and crying.

D EXERCISE 35. Re vie w: verb forms. (Chapters 1 3)

Directions: Complete the sentences with the correct forros of che words in parentheses.

A: Okay, let's ali open our fortune cookies.

B: What (yours, say) _ _ _ ___ _____ ___ ?

A: Mine says, "An unexpected gift (add) your pleasure."

o
t
2
Greac! (you, plan) to give me a gifr soon?
3

80 CHAPTER 3
 B: Not that I know of. Mine says, "Your trust in a friend (prove)
4
well-founded." Good. I (hke) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ having trustworthy friends.
5

C: This one says, "A smile (overcome) _ _ _ ___ _____ ___ _ a language
6

barrier." Well, that's good! After this, when I (underscand, not)

7
people who (speak) _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ English to me, I (smile,just)
8

--------------- at them!
9

D: My fortune is this: "Your determination (make) you

10
succeed in everything."

A: Well, it (look) like all of us (have)

11 12
good lud in the future!

O EXERCISE 36 . Future time. (Chapter 3)

Directions: Do you believe that sorne people are able to predice the future? Pretend chat you
have the ability to see inco the future. Choose several people you know (classmates, teachers,
family members, f:riends) and tell them in writing about their future lives.
Discuss such topics as jobs, contributions to humankind, marriage, children, fame, and
exciting adven tur es. With your words, paint interesting and fun pictures of their future
lives.

Future Time 83