Raingauge Point Rainfall ai wi

A 4.5 7.0686 0.1718 0.7732

B 4.1 8.0343 0.1953 0.8008
C 2.5 18.0000 0.4376 1.0939
D 3.7 8.0343 0.1953 0.7226
3.7 41.1372 1.0000 3.3905

Raingauge Area wi Pi
I 29 0.0647 15.0000 0.9710
II 73 0.1629 25.0000 4.0737
III 120 0.2679 35.0000 9.3750
IV 109 0.2433 45.0000 10.9487
V 117 0.2612 55.0000 14.3638
448 1.0000 39.7321
AMM
29.0000
26.0000
35.0000
39.0000
43.0000
41.0000
56.0000
38.4286
 Prelim Quiz 2

A current meter with a calibration equation V = (2.3Ns + 0.05) m/s , where Ns = revolutions per second was used
to measure velocities in a stream. Plot the river profile and estimate the stream discharge by

Mid-Section Method
Current Meter
Distance
from left Depth, m Number of Ns V a aV
edge, m Revolution Time, s
s
0 0 n.a. 0 0 0.0000
3 1.4 12 50 0.2400 0.6020 4.2 2.5284
6 3.3 31 54 0.5741 1.3704 9.9 13.5667
9 5 35 56 0.6250 1.4875 15 22.3125
12 9 41 59 0.6949 1.6483 27 44.5042
15 5.4 32 51 0.6275 1.4931 16.2 24.1888
18 3.8 33 53 0.6226 1.4821 11.4 16.8957
21 0 n.a. 0 0 0.0000
*n.a. not applicable 83.7 123.9963

0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21
0
0 0
‐1.4
Depth

‐5 ‐3.3 ‐3.8
‐5 ‐5.4
‐10 ‐9

Mean Section Method

Current Meter
Distance
from left Depth, m Number of Ns V Vmean Amean aV
edge, m Revolution Time, s
s
0 0 n.a. 0
3 1.4 12 50 0.2400 0.6020 0.3010 2.10 0.6321
6 3.3 31 54 0.5741 1.3704 0.9862 7.05 6.9526
9 5 35 56 0.6250 1.4875 1.4289 12.45 17.7902
12 9 41 59 0.6949 1.6483 1.5679 21.00 32.9260
15 5.4 32 51 0.6275 1.4931 1.5707 21.60 33.9276
18 3.8 33 53 0.6226 1.4821 1.4876 13.80 20.5290
21 0 n.a. 0 0.7410 5.70 4.2239
*n.a. not applicable 83.70 116.9814
 The following data were observed at a dam site on June 1971. Find the monthly evaporation in mm from the reservoir
surface of this dam. If a class A pan (Cp = 0.70) is installed nearby the reservoir, what would be the monthly evaporation
observed from this pan? (Hint: Quantify evaporation by the water balance equation I = O + ΔS. Use the storage reservoir
as shown in the diagram to distinguish the parameters of the equation. Make your units consistent).

Storage at the beginning of the month 495.5 x 106 m3

Storage at the end of the month 476.4 x 106 m3
2
Average surface area of reservoir in the month 42.5 km
3
Mean Inflow 15.8 m /s
Amount of water used for power generation 50.5 x 106 m3
Depth of Rainfall for the month 500 mm
3
Average seepage rate in the month 0.4244 m /s

SET A SOLUTION
INFLOW = (15.8 m3/s)(30d x 24h x 60min x 60secs) 38880000 m3

OUTFLOW = (amount of water used for power generation) 50500000 m3

CHANGE IN STORAGE = (476.4-495.5 ) X 106 m3 -19100000 m3
ΔS = Storage at beginning - storage at end of the month
PRECIPITATION IS INFLOW = (0.5)(42.5)(1000)(1000) 21250000 m3

SEEPAGE IS OUTFLOW = (0.4244)(30d x 24h x 60min x 60secs) 1100044.8 m3

EVAPORATION IS OUTFLOW.

Writing the water balance equation,

Inflow + Precipitation - Outflow - Seepage - Evaporation = Change in Storage
38880000 + 21250000 - 50500000 - 1100044.80 - Evaporation = -19100000 m3
EVAPORATION = 2769955 m3 PER MONTH or 650.1166 mm for the month of JUNE
If a floating pan is installed in the reservoir, EL = CP X EP; 650.1166 mm = 0.80 x Ep; Ep = 812.6457 mm for JUNE

SET B SOLUTION
Storage at the beginning of the month 495.5 x 106 m3
Storage at the end of the month 476.4 x 106 m3
2
Average surface area of reservoir in the month 42.5 km
3
Mean Inflow 15.8 m /s
Amount of water used for power generation 50.5 x 106 m3
Depth of Rainfall for the month 600 mm
3
Average seepage rate in the month 0.4244 m /s

3
INFLOW = (15.8 m /s)(30d x 24h x 60min x 60secs) 38880000 m3

OUTFLOW = (amount of water used for power generation) 50500000 m3

CHANGE IN STORAGE = (476.4-495.5 ) X 106 m3 -19100000 m3
ΔS = Storage at beginning - storage at end of the month
PRECIPITATION IS INFLOW = (0.6)(42.5)(1000)(1000) 25500000 m3

SEEPAGE IS OUTFLOW = (0.4244)(30d x 24h x 60min x 60secs) 1100044.8 m3

EVAPORATION IS OUTFLOW.

Writing the water balance equation,

Inflow + Precipitation - Outflow - Seepage - Evaporation = Change in Storage
38880000 + 25500000 - 50500000 - 1100044.80 - Evaporation = -19100000 m3
EVAPORATION = 31879955 m3 PER MONTH or 750.1166 mm for the month of JULY
If a floating pan is installed in the reservoir, EL = CP X EP; 650.1166 mm = 0.80 x Ep; Ep = 812.6457 mm for JUNE
Raingauge Point Rainfall areas wi
A 3.7 23.1372 0.5624 2.0810
B 4.1 6.7500 0.1641 0.6727
C 2.5 4.5000 0.1094 0.2735
D 4.5 6.7500 0.1641 0.7384
3.7 41.1372 1.0000 3.7656

Area wi Pi
I 90 0.0577 0.50 0.0289
II 626 0.4015 1.50 0.6023
III 402 0.2579 2.50 0.6446
IV 206 0.1321 3.50 0.4625
V 222 0.1424 4.50 0.6408
VI 13 0.0083 5.00 0.0417
1559 1.0000 2.4208

AMM
0.6500
1.4600
1.9200
2.9800
2.6800
4.5000
2.3650
Raingauge Point Rainfall ai wi
A 3.7 11.5686 0.1956 0.7238
B 4.1 11.5686 0.1956 0.8021
C 2.5 24.7500 0.4185 1.0463
D 4.5 11.2500 0.1902 0.8561
3.7 59.1372 1.0000 3.4282

Area wi Pi
I 35 0.0581 0.50 0.0291
II 242 0.4020 1.50 0.6030
III 155 0.2575 2.50 0.6437
IV 80 0.1329 3.50 0.4651
V 85 0.1412 4.50 0.6354
VI 5 0.0083 5.00 0.0415
602 1.0000 2.4178

AMM
0.6500
1.4600
1.9200
2.9800
2.6800
4.5000
2.3650
 Running Totals

Time Inc. Rainfall i 30-min 45-min 1-hr

1 0.3 1.2
2 0.4 1.6 0.7
3 0.5 2 0.9 1.2
4 0.65 2.6 1.15 1.55 1.85
5 0.7 2.8 1.35 1.85 2.25
6 0.8 3.2 1.5 2.15 2.65
7 0.4 1.6 1.2 1.9 2.55
8 0.6 2.4 1 1.8 2.5
3.0000 2.8667 2.6500

Rainfall Hyetograph
3.5
3.2
2.8
Rainfall intensity, cm/hr

3
2.6
2.5
2.4
2
2
1.6 1.6
1.5
1.2
1

0.5

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Time