se) 1 “ores meee meine nial chapter Two fu his shuld be anneal arf teacher preparation, Wha docs ne ka rom Chern en eaing? Aron eos ves things ne dcoven sat they use inaon,sepetttn snd ote secs of NLP almost sively. They {se four onthe ol oe proves For it sop on lacing how to we NLP, se Figue 12 neuromuscular physiology [AGURE 12 etating How to Use NLP Ee eomia The min purpose of this chapter andthe wo tha fll i to provide eenifc ‘nse for de leaming theories dscussd in Chapter One. Though tis means 1 Snten to suppemen the writings of Olive, Sanuk and Mts with pertinent faforation dawn fro the dcipies of physiology and Westem and Eastern psyehlogy. Other puposs of these chapters related Topas I an I ofthis text pears 2. to exabish pipes of ang from wich she teaching matods can be Geert Ja viewing he human bod as whe, we find itt be an exceedingly nica, complex organism, comprised of even deen systems, al of which afuenee ‘eoeptus motor performance f0 Some degree. Fortis aso, knowledge of at east the basic pelciples of human mind-body faction is highly desirable If mot ‘sential Du to sac intatons, however, only tee body systems most dec involved with euomaecula funtion wil be cated nti chapter A compre Tensive dy of human mindboy funn ean be obtained by comsling the ‘recommended physiology texts nthe bibliography.(20 Newromuscular Physiology INTRODUCTION Through ts ingemity and creative ability the human race has uncovered many secrets of nature andthe universe, an contest do sow an intesing) api fe. Ic has aso ceated many complex machines an sophisicated computers, ‘whic have radially changed cur persona lives as wells the envionmest in which tee lve. Yet, despite all ofthese major advances, we sll know realy le eu our own machine th human body Physiologist are among the fst o sit ‘his, ancl as regarée understanding the operation of he brn. New opis ae js begining wo understand some of he balsas bas, elemeniary CConcesing percepialnotor luring, however, these fs ae not neces: sarily mates of seus concer, Musicians, dancer and athletes throophot Corded history have been able fereton without having any such Knowle, std ‘ey will surely continue to do so in he ftue. We dont need to understand the structure nd function of ou bodies in oder to per. The min thing we need 1 now is how 1 operate our bodys conals propery Our situation is, in 2 Sense, lie that ofan atone driver. To rive an sutomobile You don eed onder stand the sre and fanetion of every part under the hood. What you aed, Sst Gf all, i: 4 mena image or conception of what you want to do (ing goal or ‘estntion), Beyond that all you peed to eam is how to operate the contol, propery and then be const le to avo acicets in reaching your desinaton, 1 major malfenetion dos coer under the hood, the diver tery takes the sumodile fa mechanic tained to iagnoe ad salve such podlens. "As performing msicins we function (or east shou fenton in mach he same way a8 does te dfver ofan automa, We we our dive, the bala, 1 (ee a mental nage of our musical performance goal. Then we simply lout Train wht we wan dpe, no ow 10 doit. We do ot normally concer aslves wih ll ofthe lees deals of what going on under our "human hood.” We ‘n't relly do even when we ty. When we do try we oly reste ations Froblems for ourselves. Te best solton, therfore, i simply Yo focis on the ‘cicel performance gol an let physiological fonction take exe of el I this proves oe unsecesful, then we would be well advised to sec she help of @ empstea eacher specifically ned to digoose and solve such problems. TF emsitias do not ned lo undertzed mindbedyfunctn in ort pes form, ten Why should you read his ehuper and why iI wrt i? Tein you ‘hat his ext ited primal for teacher who ned to how how to cago tad solve performance problems accurately. Basic knowledge of neuromuscular Dlysoiogy canbe very help if not essential in developing tbese sil ‘At final statement on tht topic I inclode ateter reason, advanced by lier: Wout you ert physician who you kes had no ining in anatomy oF pysology? Ofcourse nt. Why then shold you pu your fh n'a vie teacher ‘who boas of his ignorance of vocal anatomy snd physiology? Knowledge ofthe (Ti Newromusesiar Physiology tual asta govern he function ofthe veal organs is ese ioe is eve to tes conscientious vost tines" If for no ete reason, this knowledge ic portant to Voie tess 20 that they can avid causing pyc] éamage to tens voices though pope in ing. Cerny his is no small oasdeation, ince he extent ofeach damage cased by vocal chats ofthe past is a fact geerally wellknown. The same bo dovb ‘plies to wind- and sing-iasrrmenteaching sb well, even too this has mot een as widely cussed im writen form. specifi casein point hs odo with ‘mis and ote pliysical problems caused by improper ue ofthe bresting pps sau in igh pitr trast plying, With rear fo suing playing, tee a also ‘potential problems with pinched pees and tendons, which sometimes can be Aoite senous. For specifi case sly lavalving paral dislocation of spi] ‘verter cased by Incoret performance habits, See Robert Daley aie in Dialogue in Insrumental Mase Eduction, Vol. 8, No.2, yp. 36-83.) ‘THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM. The tee body systems most directly involved in neuromuscular funtion ae the sentory, neous and muscular systems. OF tee Wee, the moaclar eye Is fen the one which seems to receive the most pedagogical station. Bu ich an approach i misguided at best an tally wrong t wos, 2 wil expan inthe Falowing dscasion, Basle Structure and Function ‘The muscular ys inclodes het types of mesces: skeletal, smooth and aie. This discussion willbe mite wo skeletal muscles, since thee ae the ones ‘most dueey inva in mosis! performance. As te name impli, sell ‘muscles ae thotedzetyatached 1 various pas ofthe body skeleton, ‘Muscles ar the primary agents Yat respond fo movement commands fom coor bran. They can perhupe best be desorbed a erpnk that prodice motion fhwough coowaction. Mscle contraction ie made posible st rest of fod ct ‘energy in he form of vais proteins, sei and enzymes tht are delivered 0 eh ‘muscle via the bloodstream. Wheaskle muscles contact, hy inate a system (of levers and pulleys in he form of ones, tendons and igmens. Our msc system, therefore, can be viewed as 2 machine tat covers chemi energy eto ‘mechasieal energy. As such i represents whit Fallon calls the tow! inresie example of living machizery in exsence? hemi eh Brig ator ow Pdi he Ye 8 “ste Fan Tes of Pyle. Spi WB, Smo Co, 95) 18 Repl ee(22 Newromuscular Physiology Muscles do ot function independently. They ae tually cones by the ti, Like te woes on An automobile, they canet ie moveent, no can ‘hey conto Having no mind of thei own, they Fanci ke highly cbeient Servant to th commands ofthe maser, the bai. Ihe brain's comsnands inthe foum of ore signals ae lLconceived, muscular action vill kewse be ion feived, Msles cannot improve or ale thelr function in any et way witout fist receiving spec inartons fom the br Neuromuscular Coordination Conan nears hamoxoos woking roger perting et inegred wy. Newest conan is Sow aren ne frre fanconterwen the neous and scare ted msl ornare nor, Whe given pe of sus onron comes py devcpe, we cal 2h ond metal prince, of coe, ris an exceny gh ol of seuomcr nora. To sa his win menicesenle ene {Tale be ing anal. Mot tact of yng woul cnr te en of ‘hy wove honed pie aly sein tober fo sao fish whe ‘phobic sane ener ote tome ped or orem cos te beget Bur maomonb ple ae ext say tgs ne ing dee Fiche anderen Pn ae tae tempo ne) force) og an ‘emanate econ, Ovi his rege eal concen {ners conton figs rer Fe aes oer ree Sw equ epee presi Ito ny eed rope ring mil eer, we ae coon eng por areal erage Cover ty ction ‘Soe oe excel, ne sy he enon nl soit say cough END pot cota oe ccs whe anni his congea deets Sr hinted py ire eer aoa nto Sic'Se unr sbu exe pon judged wt ppl oral sn ays oor ctor prciy Ge yong, eran or tig ot Sancta et efron he teadeny of seme teacher ia lane he mk for ei steged por panne, The pes tn fore o 808! poo sea! lceiouan” Boe ra! pou ef mos coonaon Poe met ak fy Err inseam costo secant y bani, at eke or wance deri, ning teem “bin yf I dorot me ‘Ta image or ele, nea uring ero ro ie wea fr uses co iy poor ote pope ets wane Troily he bigs problem we ei enero of a concious vein (an be prance rte Whee we "Hy wo hard” oy NEE scious to como muscle ston, we ely create teasion wtih system. Tech 5, however well intentioned, aaa be pie instigators ofthis problem, whee ‘hey ask es, for example, 10 concentrate on supporting the tone withthe d- sbragm.” Such aseutins shouldbe aeide, sac they ask the stent to frat fon the wrong things According to Arnold Jacobs, the focus of oa tesching ‘ould be on ning te performer's ban, We eat ely tate sce, we train the brain, which contol the museies. To accomplish this we need to study nervous stimuli more so than tbe body mechan Isl"? ‘THE HUMAN BRAIN (f all the bay systems, the nervous system is of pretest imporance ts. I is compeied of wo basic ection: (I) the centl nervous system, which clades the trai, brainstem andthe pina ear, snd (2) the perpberl nervous system, which oni of al the nerve ces and pars of nerve cells that enter or eave the Trainer and the epinal ord and conver hem tthe ro the body. OF ll of ‘hese, he bran the most inigung andthe mos complex. Jobe C. Eze, Nobel laureate in neurophysiology, even goes as far sto sy tat the Auman bain “s witout ay galifieaion the most high orpained nd mos complex organized mater inthe universe." Because itso comple, als the body organ hat we [now the least boat Neverless, let's tke abr glimpse wt what we oko at 1 pera o pereptal-motor function, Basie Structure Viewing te bin ete, ts vided into two mo pars (1 the oper luni, which Coasts ofthe cerebrum and cerebral cone, and 2) te lower ban, ‘which conn themed, ons an other pars of the bain stem (ee Figure 2D, Viewed interally, as mlcoscopic evel, te ba coins abate ilion cells ald neurons, with ach neuron factioning as amine elects come eatin stem. Fach of these neazos i capable of producing hudredsof let Cal chrges per second, which can vel several une fee er second. When 8 Sigal it set rom the ran othe fot noe second, for example thi amounts 08 seed of several hued mls per hou, ‘Our brain also contains a complex mixture of cecal and in recent years ‘his as ben the focus of considerable resetich, Some biochemist believe that he ‘most important secrets regarding the brain concern it chemical rather than is ‘leer funeions. In ane we cn be resionbly sre tht ature research will [rovide some interesting and valuable infomation in hs ae, ‘ane aces Te Uno of rae ee Yok: Mee Bask 1p. epee ee