Roxas, Jaine Kaira P. Assignment no.

1
201610430 Engr. Bryan R. Custodio

DIFFERENTIAL PHASE SHFT KEYING (DPSK)

BPSK and DPSK are both forms of Phase Shift Keying (PSK) that has a shifted
modulated signal or output, the main difference between them is that BPSK is a two-phase
scheme where logic 1 and 0 can be represented by two different phase state; logic 0, the angle
shifted is 180° while for logic 0, the angle shifted is 0°, and incoming bits are only considered.
DPSK is a scheme where in the modulated signal’s phase is shifted in accordance to the previous
bit, because the difference between the present and the previous bit or signal are both considered.

DPSK Modulator

Figure 1: DPSK Modulator Block Diagram

DPSK is a scheme that does not uses a reference signal, instead, the transmitted signal is used as
aa phase reference itself. DPSK has two distinct signals, modulating signal and carrier is 180°
phase shifted to each other. The serial data input is what we XNOR and the output of this is
being fed back to the other input of the XNOR gate with the use of 1-bit delay. Then the output
we obtained from the XNOR, together with the carrier will be passed to the balance modulator,
which will then produce the DPSK output.

DPSK Demodulator
 Figure 2: DPSK Receiver/Demodulator Block Diagram
In DPSK Receiver, we compare the difference between the phase of the previous bit and the
phase of the reversed bit. Then the received signal will be passed through 1-bit delay and
multiplying it to the balanced, with the help of lowpass filter (LPF), this will keep the signal in
lower frequency range. Then will go through the shaper circuit, which is also a comparator to
generate the original binary data.

Advantages and Disadvantages

The primary advantage of DPSK is that non-coherent detection is possible and because of that
the cost will be lesser than BPSK. The circuit or implementation is also less complex since there
is no oscillator circuit and carrier recovery needed. Considering the simplicity of the
implementation, one disadvantage of DPSK is that it is noisy and a worse performance than other
schemes.

Applications
DPSK is a higher order modulation scheme that can be used to high-speed fiber optic
communication systems.

TRELLIS CODED MODULATION

Trellis Code Modulation is the combination of encoding and modulation to reduce
probability of error by using convolutional codes. It is developed by Dr. Gottfried Ungerboeck at
IBM Zeurich Research Laboratory. It allows the achievement of significant coding gain with the
bandwidth being unchaged through the use of constellation with almost doubled points than the
original without coding.
 Figure 3: History of Trellis Coded Modulation

Figure 4: Trellis Coded Modulation (TCM)

Ungerboeck Idea: Mapping by Set Partioning

TCM is used for mapping signal points from the coding bits. It is the idea of Ungerboeck that
mapping should be set by partitioning, first, form an expanded constellation with the double
number of points and partition the constellations into smaller subsets and the resulting subsets
should be far apart in Euclidean distance than the previous one. There is only particular
sequences of subsets are allowed, then those allowed sequences correspond to a convolutional
code. Increased in distance in each partitions of subsets should be produced for it is the the goal
of partitioning.

Figure 4: Set Partitioning Example

Advantages and Disadvantages

An advantage of TCM is that it introduces controlled redundancy in the bit stream with a
convolutional code with reduces transmission errors.

Applications
We can apply Trellis-coded modulation (TCM) for indoor wireless communications.

References:
Eugeni S. Barbaniel, "Peculiarities in application of DPSK higher-order modulation to high-
speed fiber optic communication systems", Proc. SPIE 1787, Multigigabit Fiber
Communications, (17 December 1992)
Athrey, S. (2016, September 13). DPSK(Differential Phase Shift Keying) transmitter and
receiver.
Simulated application of trellis coded modulation to the indoor wireless channel - IEEE
Conference Publication
Trellis modulation. (2018, October 19). Retrieved from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trellis_modulation