Exconde, Rizzalyn S.

1 BSBA-FM4

Crash Course Economics no.16: Globalization and Trade and Poverty

A social group is a collection of people who interact with each other and share similar
characteristics and a sense of unity. A social category is a collection of people who do not
interact but who share similar characteristics. A social category can become a social group when
the members in the category interact with each other and identify themselves as members of the
group. In contrast, a social aggregate is a collection of people who are in the same place, but who
do not interact or share characteristics.
Groups play a basic role in the development of the social nature and ideals of people. Primary
groups are those in which individuals intimately interact and cooperate over a long period of
time. Examples of primary groups are families, friends, peers, neighbors, classmates, sororities,
fraternities, and church members. These groups are marked by primary relationships in which
communication is informal. Members of primary groups have strong emotional ties. They also
relate to one another as whole and unique individuals.

In contrast, secondary groups are those in which individuals do not interact much. Members of
secondary groups are less personal or emotional than those of primary groups. These groups are
marked by secondary relationships in which communication is formal. Members of secondary
groups may not know each other or have much face‐to‐face interaction. They tend to relate to
others only in particular roles and for practical reasons. An example of a secondary relationship
is that of a stockbroker and her clients. The stockbroker likely relates to her clients in terms of
business only. She probably will not socialize with her clients or hug them.

A group's size can also determine how its members behave and relate. A small group is small
enough to allow all of its members to directly interact. Examples of small groups include
families, friends, discussion groups, seminar classes, dinner parties, and athletic teams. People
are more likely to experience primary relationships in small group settings than in large settings.
The more people who join a group, the less personal and intimate that group becomes. In other
words, as a group increases in size, its members participate and cooperate less, and are more
likely to be dissatisfied.

Leadership and conformity. Sociologists have been especially interested in two forms of group
behavior: Conformity and leadership. The pressure to conform is even stronger among people
who are not strangers. During group‐think, members of a cohesive group endorse a single
explanation or answer, usually at the expense of ignoring reality. The group does not tolerate
dissenting opinions, seeing them as signs of disloyalty to the group. So members with doubts and
alternate ideas do not speak out or contradict the leader of the group, especially when the leader
is strong‐willed.
Exconde, Rizzalyn S.
1 BSBA-FM4

Crash Course Economics no.28: Theories of Global Gratification

I learned about modernizations theory, walt rostow's four stages of modernization,

operating theory and Immanuel Wallersteins capitalist world economy model. Countries that
industrialized in the 18th and 19th century saw massive improvements in their standards of
living. And countries that didn't industrialize lagged behind. Traditional stage, societies that are
structured around small local communities with production typically getting dome in family
settings. Take-off stage, people begin to use their individual talents to produce things beyond the
necessities and this innovation creates new markets for trade. Drive to technological maturity.
Technological growth of the earlier periods begin to bear fruit, in the form of population growth,
reductions in absolute poverty levels, and move diverse job opportunities. High mass
consumption. When your country is big enough that production becomes more about wants than
needs. These critics point out that even as technology has improved throughout the world, a lot
of countries have been left behind. Dependency theory focuses on how poor countries have been
wronged by richer nations. As the slave trade died down in the mid-19th century, the point of
colonization came to be less about human and more about natural resources but the colonial
model kept going strong. So, under dependency theory, the problem is not that there isn't enough
global wealth, is that we don't distribute it well. One country getting richer doesn't mean other
country getting poor. In direct contrast to what dependency theory predicts most evidence
suggests that nowadays foreign investment by richer nations helps not hurts poor countries.