R .V.

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BENGALURU- 560 059

(Autonomous Institution Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi)

TITLE: Enabling Cloud Connectivity For Mobile Internet of Things

Seminar/Assignment Report

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Name:Sammed A M
Roll No.55
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Department of Physics
R V College of Engineering, Bengaluru-59

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 Abstract:
As an integral element of future Internet, Internet of things (IoT) could be
described as a real-world interaction with everything connected via intelligent
network infrastructure and advanced communication technologies. Mobile
cloud computing (MCC), on the other hand, offers an infrastructure wherein
both data storage and data processing take place outside of the mobile device.
As a more mature infrastructure, MCC offers several advantages, while the
relatively new IoT has several limitations. We present a survey of IoT
limitations and MCC advantages. Specifically, we present the most
advantageous aspects of MCC and how they alleviate the limitations of IoT.
Furthermore, we discuss several IoT-enabled business services to highlight the
benefits of converging IoT and MCC.

KEY WORD
Mobile cloud computing, IoT(Internet of things)

Introduction :
Internet of things (IoT) is the main technological revolution in computing,
information and communication systems, describing a world of
networked, digital elements where everything is interconnected.
Specifically, IoT consists of diverse, interconnected information and
communications technology (ICT) infrastructures, where the Internet,
services and things play a key role in the control and automation
processes.

IoT constitutes an integral part of future Internet, which has several

limitations as a relatively new technology. On the other hand, cloud
computing (CC) and MCC, which involves mobile devices, is a more
mature technology offering several advantages. It is clear that the
convergence of IoT and MCC has great potential for success; therefore,
this paper aims to present a survey of IoT limitations and MCC
advantages. An emphasis is placed on presenting the most advantageous
aspects of MCC and how they ameliorate the major limitations of IoT.

What actually is IoT(Internet of Things)?

In a nutshell, the Internet of Things is the concept of connecting any device (so
long as it has an on/off switch) to the Internet and to other connected devices.
The IoT is a giant network of connected things and people – all of which collect
and share data about the way they are used and about the environment around
them.
That includes an extraordinary number of objects of all shapes and sizes –
from smart microwaves, which automatically cook your food for the right
length of time, to self driving cars, whose complex sensors detect objects in
their path, to wearable fitness devices that measure your heart rate and the
number of steps you’ve taken that day, then use that information to suggest
exercise plans tailored to you. There are even connected footballs that can track
how far and fast they are thrown and record those statistics via an app for future
training purposes.

Literature Survey:
The two worlds of Cloud and IoT have seen a rapid and in-dependent evolution.
These worlds are very different from each other and, even better, their
characteristics are often complementary, as Table 1 shows. Such
complementarity is the main reason why many researchers have proposed and are
proposing their integration, generally to obtain benefits in specific application
scenarios.
In general, IoT can benefit from the virtually unlimited capabilities and resources
of Cloud to compensate its technological constraints (e.g., storage, processing,
communication). To cite a few examples, Cloud can offer an effective solution
for IoT service management and composition as well as for implementing
applications and services that exploit the things or the data produced by them .
On the other hand, Cloud can benefit from IoT by extending its scope to deal with
real world things in a more distributed and dynamic manner, and for delivering
new services in a large number of real life scenarios. In many cases, Cloud can
provide the intermediate layer between the things and the applications, hiding all
the complexity and functionalities necessary to implement the latter. This will
impact future application development, where information gathering, processing,
and transmission will generate new challenges, especially in a multi-cloud
environment.

The main Cloud IoT drivers, i.e., the motivations driving toward the integration
of Cloud and IoT. Most of the papers in literature are actually seeing Cloud as the
missing piece in the integrated scenario, i.e. they believe that Cloud fills some
gaps of IoT (e.g. the limited storage). A few others, instead, see IoT filling gaps
of Cloud (mainly the limited scope). We consider both as Cloud IoT drivers and
we start our discussion from the first ones. Most of these drivers fall in three
categories that are communication, storage, and computation, while a few others
are more basic and have implications in all such categories, i.e. they are
transversal.

Cloud IoT gave birth to a new set of smart services and applications, that can
strongly impact everyday life. Many of the applications described in the
following benefit from Machine-to-Machine communications (M2M) when the
things need to exchange information among themselves and not only
send them towards the cloud . In this section we describe the wide set of
applications that are made possible of significantly improved thanks to the Cloud
IoT paradigm.

A. Wireless communication

A mobile (sensor) network, or Personal Area Network (PAN), is usually based

on general-purpose technologies and protocols, and has higher processing
capabilities than an average IoT or WSN device. PAN devices are more often

used on, or in the vicinity of, human users.

Today, two of the most widely used radio technologies for personal networks
found in mobile devices are WiFi and Bluetooth. WiFi is becoming more and
more low power, but still cannot compare with Bluetooth. Especially the
relatively new standard of Bluetooth 4.0 with the extension of Bluetooth Low
Energy (BLE). Bluetooth Low Energy uses only a fraction of the power compared
to Bluetooth 2.0. Even though IEEE 802.15.4 with 6LoWPAN is widely used for
IoT applications, the technology is better suited for stationary monitoring as
todays mobile phones are not supporting it. Therefore, the only way of using
IEEE 802.15.4 with IPv6 in PAN is by using an additional gateway. This
approach is feasible in some applications, but should be avoided when minimum
size and low cost is important.In some simple cases, each sensor node can feature
its own GPRS modem for easy Internet-connectivity, but this is a very costly
solution. By using Bluetooth, no separate gateway is needed, and the user is not
forced to have several SIM cards.

Bluetooth-equipped networked sensor nodes can achieve good interoperability

with consumer devices, have lower power consumption than WiFi, and have a
lower cost. Bluetooth is also by far the most widespread technology sup-

ported by existing consumer devices, which further makes it an interesting

technology to use for Personal Area (Sensor) Networks. A sensor network
composed of Bluetooth equipped EIS devices used in the context of sensor
networks is called a Bluetooth Sensor Network (BSN). Regarding the
communication security, Lindell et al. [15] showed that Bluetooth 2.1 can provide
a good level of security. By using Bluetooth and the standard PAN profile,
virtually any Bluetooth-enabled mobile phone can act as a gateway to the

Internet.

B. CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol)

The IETF Constrained Application Protocol is an application-layer protocol

designed to provide web services working with constrained nodes - devices using
microcontrollers with small amounts of ROM and RAM, running 6LoWPAN
network stacks with high packet error rates etc.The protocol is designed for low-
power networking allowing the nodes to switch to sleep mode to extend their
battery life. CoAP provides a request/response interaction model between
application end-points, supports built-in discovery of services and resources, and
includes key concepts of the Web such as URIs, RESTful interaction, extensible
header options, ect. CoAP easily interfaces with HTTP for integration with the
Web while meeting specialized requirements such as multicast support, very low
overhead and simplicity for constrained environments. CoAP runs over UDP
unlike HTTP.

Some features of CoAP are:

• Two types of request messages: Confirmable Message (CON) - the message is

retransmitted (maximum four times) with an exponential timeout waiting for

an Acknowledged Message (ACK) or the correct response from the server. The
second type is the Non-Confirmable Message (NON) - the message is sent

without any kind of response.

• The URI format allows the use of standard and spe-cialized service endpoints.
One such example is the resource discovery defined in RFC 5785 that uses the

well-known core path and the CoRE Link Format.

• CoAP also allows to send very big messages with a stop-and-wait mechanism
called ”blockwise transfers”

(splitting messages).

C. Embedded Web Technologies

The user interactions in our platform are based on the Web architecture. Key
technologies to enable embedded Restful web services, web linking and data
representation are CoAP and Efficient XML Interchange (EXI) protocol for
binary representation of XML structured information. The Existing format has
W3C recommendation status [16] and is designed to increase the compactness
and processing efficiency of XML data while keeping the compatibility with the
XML Infoset.

By using EXI, XHTML visualization of the sensor data can be efficiently

transmitted and processed and hence allowing the use of standard web
technologies to interact with the sensor nodes through the user’s mobile phone.
The envisioned support in the mobile browsers of the IETF Core technologies
such as CoAP, Observe, Blockwise transfers, CoRE Link Format; will enable the
use of asynchronous RESTful client-server applications hosted on the sensor

nodes.

C. Embedded Web Technologies

The user interactions in our platform are based on the Web architecture. Key
technologies to enable embedded RESTful web services, web linking and data
representation are CoAP and Efficient XML Interchange (EXI) protocol for
binary representation of XML structured information. The EXI format has W3C
recommendation status [16] and is designed to increase the compactness and
processing efficiency of XML data while keeping the compatibility with the XML

Infoset.

By using EXI, XHTML visualization of the sensor data can be efficiently

transmitted and processed and hence allowing the use of standard web
technologies to interact with the sensor nodes through the user’s mobile phone.
The envisioned support in the mobile browsers of the IETF CoRE

technologies such as CoAP, Observe, Blockwise transfers, CoRE Link Format;

will enable the use of asynchronous RESTful client-server applications hosted on
the sensor nodes.