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  • Intro OS Functions Layers Types

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    The document introduces operating systems by discussing what they are, their functions, and types. It states that an operating system manages hardware and acts as an interface between users and hardware. It describes the functions of an OS as including serving as an interface and server, managing resources like CPU, memory, I/O devices, and keeping track of their usage. Finally, it mentions that OSes have a layered structure and lists some common types like batch, multi-processing, time-sharing, and real-time operating systems.

    Originalbeschreibung:

    OS

    Originaltitel

    1 Introduction

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    The document introduces operating systems by discussing what they are, their functions, and types. It states that an operating system manages hardware and acts as an interface between users and hardware. It describes the functions of an OS as including serving as an interface and server, managing resources like CPU, memory, I/O devices, and keeping track of their usage. Finally, it mentions that OSes have a layered structure and lists some common types like batch, multi-processing, time-sharing, and real-time operating systems.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Als PDF, TXT herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
    Markieren Sie unangemessene Inhalte
    36 Ansichten9 Seiten

    Intro OS Functions Layers Types

    Hochgeladen von

    shower
    The document introduces operating systems by discussing what they are, their functions, and types. It states that an operating system manages hardware and acts as an interface between users and hardware. It describes the functions of an OS as including serving as an interface and server, managing resources like CPU, memory, I/O devices, and keeping track of their usage. Finally, it mentions that OSes have a layered structure and lists some common types like batch, multi-processing, time-sharing, and real-time operating systems.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Als PDF, TXT herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
    Markieren Sie unangemessene Inhalte
    von 9

    Introduction to Operating Systems

     What is Operating System?


     Functions of Operating System
     Layers of Operating System
     Types of Operating System

    Dr. Manmath N. Sahoo


    Dept. of CSE, NIT Rourkela
    Introduction

    Consider a bare machine with hardware only.


    Can we write a simple program and execute it on h/w
    directly; without any s/w?
    YES
    Why do we need softwares then?
    Convenience
    Operating System (OS) is a collection of
    softwares that manages hardwares.
    OS is an interface between the user and the
    hardware.

    Dr. Manmath N. Sahoo (CS) 2


    Abstract view of a Computer System

    USER-1 USER-2 ... USER-N

    Web Database Word


    browser App Processor

    System and Application Programs

    Operating System

    Hardware

    Dr. Manmath N. Sahoo (CS) 3


    Abstract view of a Computer System

    2 view points of OS
    USER View (Convenience)
    SYSTEM View (many complicated tasks that are
    abstracted from users)

    Dr. Manmath N. Sahoo (CS) 4


    Functions of OS

    Interface: between Application Programs


    (USERs) and the hardware.
    Server: Provides services.
    Resource Manager:
    CPU: OS assigns CPU to different tasks being executed.
    Main memory: Processes are to be stored.
    Secondary Memory: Programs/Files are to be stored.
    I/O devices: Co-ordination and assignment of different I/O
    devices among the executing processes.

    Dr. Manmath N. Sahoo (CS) 5


    Functions of OS

    Accountant: Keeps track of


    How much memory is used; and how much is free.
    How much time a user has to use a printer or CPU, etc.
    Guardian to the System: Protects all
    resources. E.g., A printer may not be used by
    all users.
    Coordinator: If Ti need the input from Tj then
    Ti can’t start its execution before Tj.
    Dr. Manmath N. Sahoo (CS) 6
    Functions of OS

    Resource Utilization Maximizer:


    Printer is to be allocated to T1 first.
    By the time T2 demands for printer, T1 has already
    used it
    Task T1 Task T2

    Print-1 …
    Print-2 …
    Print-3 …
    … …
    … Print-4
    … Print-5

    Dr. Manmath N. Sahoo (CS) 7


    OS: Layered Structure
    Shell
    Long Term Scheduler (LTS)
    Short Term Scheduler (STS)
    Resource Manager
    File Manager
    Memory Manager
    I/O Control System (IOCS)
    KERNEL
    Hardware

    Dr. Manmath N. Sahoo (CS) 8


    Types of OS

    Batch OS
    Multi Programming OS
    Multi Processing OS
    Time Sharing OS
    Multi Threading OS
    Real Time OS

    Dr. Manmath N. Sahoo (CS) 9

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