APPENDIX I

Practice for Chapter 18:

Finding All Subnet IDs

This appendix lists two sets of problems. Both problem sets list an IP network and mask;
your job is to list all the subnet IDs for each network/mask combination. The first problem
set includes problems that happen to have eight or less subnet bits, and the second problem
set includes problems that happen to have more than eight subnet bits. In particular, for each
problem, find the following:

■ All subnet numbers

■ The subnet that is the zero subnet

■ The subnet that is the broadcast subnet

To find this information, you can use processes explained in Chapter 18 of CCENT/CCNA
ICND1 640-822 Official Cert Guide. (If you are reading this as a PDF that came with CCNA
ICND2 640-816 Official Cert Guide, you will find a copy of the ICND1 book’s Chapter 18,
“Finding All Subnet IDs,” in the same location where you found this PDF.)

Problem Set 1: 8 or Fewer Subnet Bits

The problems, which consist of a classful network and static-length mask, are as follows:

1. 172.32.0.0/22
2. 200.1.2.0/28
3. 10.0.0.0/15
4. 172.20.0.0/24

Problem Set 2: More Than 8 Subnet Bits

The problems, which consist of a classful network and static-length mask, are as follows:

1. 172.32.0.0/25
2. 10.0.0.0/21
3 Appendix I: Practice for Chapter 18: Finding All Subnet IDs

Answers to Problem Set 1

This section includes the answers to the four problems listed in Problem Set 1.

Problem Set 1, Answer 1: 172.32.0.0/22

The answer is as follows:

■ 172.32.0.0 (zero subnet)

■ 172.32.4.0

■ 172.32.8.0

■ 172.32.12.0

■ 172.32.16.0

■ 172.32.20.0

■ 172.32.24.0

(Skipping many subnets; each new subnet is the same as the previous subnet, after
adding 4 to the third octet.)
■ 172.32.248.0

■ 172.32.252.0 (broadcast subnet)

The process to find all subnets depends on three key pieces of information:

■ The mask has fewer than 8 subnet bits (6 bits), because the network is a Class B
network (16 network bits), and the mask has 22 binary 1s in it—implying 10 host bits,
and leaving 6 subnet bits.

■ The mask in dotted-decimal format is 255.255.252.0. The interesting octet is the third
octet because the subnet bits are all in the third octet.

■ Each successive subnet number is 4 higher than the previous subnet number, in the
interesting octet, because the magic number is 256 – 252 = 4.

As a result, in this case, all the subnets begin with 172.32, have a multiple of 4 in the third
octet, and end in 0.
 Answers to Problem Set 1 4

Table I-1 shows the results of the various steps of the process, as outlined in Chapter 18.

Table I-1 8 or Less Subnet Bits, Question 1: Answer Table

Octet 1 Octet 2 Octet 3 Octet 4

Subnet Mask (Step 1) 255 255 252 0

Magic Number (Step 3) 256 – 252 = 4
Zero Subnet Number (Step 4) 172 32 0 0
Next Subnet (Step 5) 172 32 4 0
Next Subnet (Step 5) 172 32 8 0
Next Subnet (Step 5) 172 32 12 0
Next Subnet (Step 5) 172 32 16 0
(You may need many more such rows) 172 32 X 0
Next Subnet 172 32 244 0
Next Subnet (Step 5) 172 32 248 0
Broadcast Subnet (Step 6) 172 32 252 0
Out of Range—Stop Process (Step 6) 256

Problem Set 1, Answer 2: 200.1.2.0/28

The answer is as follows:

■ 200.1.2.0 (zero subnet)

■ 200.1.2.16

■ 200.1.2.32

■ 200.1.2.48

■ 200.1.2.64

■ 200.1.2.80

(Skipping many subnets; each new subnet is the same as the previous subnet, after
adding 16 to the fourth octet.)
■ 200.1.2.224

■ 200.1.2.240 (broadcast subnet)

5 Appendix I: Practice for Chapter 18: Finding All Subnet IDs

The process to find all subnets depends on three key pieces of information, as follows:

■ The mask has fewer than 8 subnet bits (4 bits), because the network is a Class C
network (24 network bits), and the mask has 28 binary 1s in it, which implies 4 host
bits and leaves 4 subnet bits.

■ The mask in dotted-decimal format is 255.255.255.240. The interesting octet is the

fourth octet, because all the subnet bits are in the fourth octet.

■ Each successive subnet number is 16 higher than the previous subnet number, in the
interesting octet, because the magic number is 256 – 240 = 16.

As a result, in this case, all the subnets begin with 200.1.2 and have a multiple of 16 in the
fourth octet.

Table I-2 shows the results of the various steps of the process, as outlined in Chapter 18.

Table I-2 Problem Set 1, Question 2: Answer Table

Octet 1 Octet 2 Octet 3 Octet 4

Subnet Mask (Step 1) 255 255 255 240

Magic Number (Step 3) 256 – 240 = 16
Zero Subnet Number (Step 4) 200 1 2 0
Next Subnet (Step 5) 200 1 2 16
Next Subnet (Step 5) 200 1 2 32
Next Subnet (Step 5) 200 1 2 48
(You may need many more such rows) 200 1 2 X
(Step 5)

Next Subnet (Step 5) 200 1 2 224

Broadcast Subnet (Step 6) 200 1 2 240
Out of Range—Stop Process (Step 6) 256

Problem Set 1, Answer 3: 10.0.0.0/15

The answer is as follows:

■ 10.0.0.0 (zero subnet)

■ 10.2.0.0

■ 10.4.0.0
 Answers to Problem Set 1 6

■ 10.6.0.0

(Skipping many subnets; each new subnet is the same as the previous subnet, after
adding 2 to the second octet.)
■ 10.252.0.0

■ 10.254.0.0 (broadcast subnet)

The process to find all subnets depends on three key pieces of information:

■ The mask has fewer than 8 subnet bits (7 subnet bits), because the network is a Class
A network (8 network bits), and the mask has 15 binary 1s in it, which implies 17 host
bits and leaves 7 subnet bits.

■ The mask in dotted-decimal format is 255.254.0.0. The interesting octet is the second
octet, because all the subnet bits exist in the second octet.

■ Each successive subnet number is 2 higher than the previous subnet number, in the
interesting octet, because the magic number is 256 – 254 = 2.

As a result, in this case, all the subnets begin with 10, have a multiple of 2 in the second
octet, and end in 0.0.

Table I-3 shows the results of the various steps of the process, as outlined in Chapter 18.

Table I-3 Problem Set 1, Question 3: Answer Table

Octet 1 Octet 2 Octet 3 Octet 4

Subnet Mask (Step 1) 255 254 0 0

Magic Number (Step 3) 256 – 254 = 2
Zero Subnet Number (Step 4) 10 0 0 0
Next Subnet (Step 5) 10 2 0 0

Next Subnet (Step 5) 10 4 0 0

Next Subnet (Step 5) 10 6 0 0

(You may need many more such rows) 10 X 0 0
(Step 5)

Next Subnet (Step 5) 10 252 0 0

Broadcast Subnet (Step 6) 10 254 0 0

Out of Range—Stop Process (Step 6) 256

7 Appendix I: Practice for Chapter 18: Finding All Subnet IDs

Problem Set 1, Answer 4: 172.20.0.0/24

This problem has an 8-bit subnet field, meaning that 28 or 256 possible subnets exist. The
following list shows some of the subnets, which should be enough to see the trends in how
to find all subnet numbers:

■ 172.20.0.0 (zero subnet)

■ 172.20.1.0

■ 172.20.2.0

■ 172.20.3.0

■ 172.20.4.0

(Skipping many subnets; each new subnet is the same as the previous subnet, after
adding 1 to the third octet.)
■ 172.20.252.0

■ 172.20.253.0

■ 172.20.254.0

■ 172.20.255.0 (broadcast subnet)

The process to find all subnets depends on three key pieces of information:

■ The mask has exactly 8 subnet bits, specifically all bits in the third octet, making the
third octet the interesting octet.

■ The magic number is 256 – 255, because the mask’s value in the interesting (third)
octet is 255.

■ Beginning with the network number of 172.20.0.0, which is the same value as the zero
subnet, just add the magic number (1) in the interesting octet.

Essentially, you just count by 1 in the third octet until you reach the highest legal number
(255). The first subnet, 172.20.0.0, is the zero subnet, and the last subnet, 172.20.255.0, is
the broadcast subnet.
 Answers to Problem Set 2 8

Answers to Problem Set 2

Problem Set 2, Answer 1: 172.32.0.0/25

This problem has a 9-bit subnet field, meaning that 29 or 512 possible subnets exist. The
following list shows some of the subnets, which should be enough to see the trends in how
to find all subnet numbers:

■ 172.32.0.0 (zero subnet)

■ 172.32.0.128

■ 172.32.1.0

■ 172.32.1.128

■ 172.32.2.0

■ 172.32.2.128

■ 172.32.3.0

■ 172.32.3.128

(Skipping many subnets; the subnets occur in blocks of two, with either 0 or 128 in the
fourth octet, with each successive block being one greater in the third octet.)
■ 172.32.254.0

■ 172.32.254.128

■ 172.32.255.0

■ 172.32.255.128 (broadcast subnet)

The process to find all subnets depends on three key pieces of information, as follows:

■ The mask has more than 8 subnet bits (9 bits), because the network is a Class B
network (16 network bits), and the mask has 25 binary 1s in it, which implies 7 host
bits and leaves 9 subnet bits.

■ Using the terminology in Chapter 18 of the ICND1 book, octet 4 is the interesting
octet, where the counting occurs based on the magic number. Octet 3 is the “just left”
octet, in which the process counts by 1, from 0 to 255.

■ The magic number, which will be used to calculate each successive subnet number, is
256 – 128 = 128.
9 Appendix I: Practice for Chapter 18: Finding All Subnet IDs

To calculate the first subnet block, use the same six-step process as used in the simpler
problems that have 8 or less subnet bits. In this case, with only 1 subnet bit in octet 4, only
2 subnets exist in each subnet block. Table I-4 shows the steps as compared to the six-step
process to find the subnets in a subnet block.

Table I-4 Creating the First Subnet Block

Octet 1 Octet 2 Octet 3 Octet 4

Subnet Mask (Step 1) 255 255 255 128

Magic Number (Step 3) 256 – 128 = 128
Zero Subnet Number (Step 4) 172 32 0 0
Next Subnet (Step 5) 172 32 0 128
Step 6 Needs to Be Used Here 172 32 0 256
(Sum of 256 in the 4th Octet)

The table represents the logic, but to make sure the answer is clear, the first subnet block
includes the following:

172.32.0.0
172.32.0.128
The next major task—to create subnet blocks for all possible values in the “just left” octet—
completes the process. Essentially, create 256 blocks like the previous list. The first has a
value of 0, in the “just left” octet; the next has a value of 1; the next, a value of 2; and so
on, through a block that begins with 172.30.255. Figure I-1 shows the concept.

Figure I-1 Creating Subnet Blocks by Adding 1 in the “Just Left” Octet
Just Just Just
Left Left Left

172. 30. 0. 0 172. 30. 1. 0 172. 30. 2. 0

172. 30. 0.128 172. 30. 1.128 172. 30. 2.128
 Answers to Problem Set 2 10

Problem Set 2, Answer 2: 10.0.0.0/21

This problem has a 13-bit subnet field, meaning that 213 or 8192 possible subnets exist. The
following list shows some of the subnets, which should be enough to see the trends in how
to find all subnet numbers:

■ 10.0.0.0 (zero subnet)

■ 10.0.8.0

■ 10.0.16.0

■ 10.0.24.0

(Skipping several subnets)

■ 10.0.248.0

■ 10.1.0.0

■ 10.1.8.0

■ 10.1.16.0

(Skipping several subnets)

■ 10.1.248.0

■ 10.2.0.0

■ 10.2.8.0

■ 10.2.16.0

(Skipping several subnets)

■ 10.255.232.0

■ 10.255.240.0

■ 10.255.248.0 (broadcast subnet)

The process to find all subnets depends on three key pieces of information, as follows:

■ The mask has more than 8 subnet bits (13 bits), because the network is a Class A
network (8 network bits), and the mask has 21 binary 1s in it, which implies 11 host
bits and leaves 13 subnet bits.
11 Appendix I: Practice for Chapter 18: Finding All Subnet IDs

■ Using the terminology in Chapter 18 of the ICND1 book, octet 3 is the interesting
octet, where the counting occurs based on the magic number. Octet 2 is the “just left”
octet, in which the process counts by 1, from 0 to 255.

■ The magic number, which will be used to calculate each successive subnet number, is
256 – 248 = 8.

To calculate the first subnet block, use the same six-step process as used in the simpler
problems that have 8 or less subnet bits. In this case, with 5 subnet bits in octet 3, 32 subnets
exist in each subnet block. Table I-5 shows the steps as compared to the six-step process to
find the subnets in a subnet block.

Table I-5 Creating the First Subnet Block

Octet 1 Octet 2 Octet 3 Octet 4

Subnet Mask (Step 1) 255 255 248 0

Magic Number (Step 3) 256 – 248 = 8
Zero Subnet Number (Step 4) 10 0 0 0
Next Subnet (Step 5) 10 0 8 0
(Skipping several subnets) 10 0 X 0
Next Subnet (Step 5) 10 0 248 0
Step 6 Needs to Be Used 10 0 256 0
Here (Sum of 256 in the 3rd
Octet)
 Answers to Problem Set 2 12

The table represents the logic, but to make sure the answer is clear, the first subnet block
includes the following:

10.0.0.0
10.0.8.0
10.0.16.0
10.0.24.0
10.0.32.0
10.0.40.0
10.0.48.0
10.0.56.0
10.0.64.0
And so on…
10.0.248.0
The next major task—to create subnet blocks for all possible values in the “just left” octet—
completes the process. Essentially, create 256 blocks like the previous list. The first has a
value of 0, in the “just left” octet; the next has a value of 1; the next, a value of 2; and so
on, through a block that begins with 10.255. Figure I-2 shows the concept.

Figure I-2 Creating Subnet Blocks by Adding 1 in the “Just Left” Octet
Just Just Just
Left Left Left

10. 0. 0. 0 10. 1. 0. 0 10. 2. 0. 0

10. 0. 8. 0 10. 1. 8. 0 10. 2. 8. 0
10. 0. 16. 0 10. 1. 16. 0 10. 2. 16. 0
10. 0. 24. 0 10. 1. 24. 0 10. 2. 24. 0
10. 0. 32. 0 10. 1. 32. 0 10. 2. 32. 0
10. 0. 40. 0 10. 1. 40. 0 10. 2. 40. 0
10. 0. ... 0 10. 1. ... 0 10. 2. ... 0
10. 0.248. 0 10. 1.248. 0 10. 2.248. 0