6/13/2016

Products Solutions Services

Gas Rig Training

Abhay Fotedar
Industry Manager (Chemical | Petrochemical | Oil & Gas)
Abhay.fotedar@id.endress.com

Slide 1

Gas measurement

Agenda

• Introduction of Flow technology for gas measurement

• Advantages and strength
• Overview of installation requirements
• Demonstration:

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Gas measurement

Agenda

• Response time
• Low flow limitation
• Flow profile
• Installation effect
• Pressure loss
• Moisture effect

Slide 3

Products Solutions Services

Gas Training

Introduction of Flow technology for gas measurement

Slide 4

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Gas measurement

Coriolis flowmeter

•  = Phase shift
 ~ m
• m = Mass flow
fR ~ 
 ~ T
• fR = Resonance frequency
• r = Density

• W = Resistance (PT1000)
• T = Temperature

Qm

fR

Slide 5

Gas measurement

Coriolis flow technology

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIIViaNITIw

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Gas measurement

Overview of calculated values

• V = Volume flow
V = m/r

• VN = Normvolume flow = Volume flow at fixed p and T

VN = m/rN (note: rN is a fixed value for each fluid)

• c = Concentration
Concentration can be calculated from density

• n = Viscosity
Viscosity can be calculated from oscillation damping.
Viscosity measurement is only available with the
Promass I sensor

Slide 7

Gas measurement

Advantages

• High accuracy over a wide flow range

• Direct mass flow measurement of fluid and gas

•No upstream piping requirement

• Conductive and Non conductive

• Easy installation (fit & forget)

• No moving parts

• Multivariable measurement, mass, density,

temperature and volume.

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Gas measurement

Limitation

• Pressure Loss

• Precise measurement available only with homogenous

media

• Limited range of size, max DN350

Slide 9

Gas measurement

Promass for flow measurement at PGNiG site

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Gas measurement

Natural gas flow measurement

Slide 11

Gas measurement

Vortex measurement

Transmitter

f = Vortex frequency
V = Volume flow

f~V

Bluff Body DSC Sensor

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Gas measurement

Vortex flow technology

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GmTmDM7jHzA

Slide 13

Gas measurement

Advantages

• Direct measurement of volume

• Long term stability due to unique sensor design
• Reduce bore dimension, reduce meter
• Improve redundancy
• Calculated mass of liquid
• With built in flow computer
• No moving parts

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Gas measurement

Limitation

• Full pipe required

• Minimum flow velocity requirements
• Longer inlet run requirements
• Only one flow direction

Slide 15

Gas measurement

Prowirl 73 F - Saturated Steam Chemical plant

 Borden Chemicals

 Brisbane, Australia

 Saturated steam

 Prowirl 73F

 Remote electronics
for easy access

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Gas measurement

Prowirl 72 F Ð Liquid N2

 Ossigeno, Switzerland
 Road tanker unloading
 Several temperature
shocks of >200 °K /
week
 Liquid N2
 -190 °C, 10 bar

Slide 17

Gas measurement

The measuring principle

Mass flow measurement based on thermal dispersion

• A heated temperature sensor is

kept at a constant differential
temperature from the gas
reference sensor.

• The cooling effect generated by

mass flow causes an increase in
sensor power to maintain the
temperature differential.

• The power supplied to the

Mass flow is measured directly heated sensor is proportional to
• Mass Flow = Density . Velocity the mass flow.

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Gas measurement

Thermal Mass flowmeter

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YfQSf2NBGqc

Slide 19

Gas measurement

Advantages

• Single point mass flow measurement

• Wide turndown ratio 100:1
• Can measure very low flow rates
• Negligible pressure loss (< 10 mbar)
• Suitable for low pressures or vacuum
• Large diameter range
• Suitable for rectangular ducts

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Gas measurement

Disadvantages

• Dependent upon inlet/outlet run

• Only for clean gas and dry gas
• Sensitive to gas properties and unstable mixtures
• Only for a defined range of common gases
• Not a very high accuracy class or custody transfer meter
• Limited temperature and pressure range

• Despite the disadvantages, it is often the only

measuring principle which meets the application
requirements!

Slide 21

Gas measurement

Reference Application
Low Pressure Factory
Air
Gas: Air
Temp: 25°C
Press: Atm
Flow: 30000Nm3/h
Size: 800 *1400mm

Copper Mine (Zambia)

Gas: Compressed
Air

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Gas measurement

65F Tmass in Singapore

LPG and Natural

gas Fuel for
reactor

Slide 23

Gas measurement

Reference Application

T-Mass - Coal Seam Gas

Natural Gas
in gas engine power plant
• Flared gas measurement

• Remote version for

Hazardous Area

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Gas measurement

DP Flow

Square root of DP

Slide 25

Gas measurement

Dp Flow

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUd4WxjoHKY

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Gas measurement

Advantages

• For large DN
• For high pressure application
• For high temperature application

Slide 27

Gas measurement

Disadvantage

• Complex configuration
• Flow computer is needed to calculate the flow

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Gas measurement

Electrawinds Moeskroen

Slide 29

Gas measurement

Electrawinds Moeskroen

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Gas measurement

Electrawinds Moeskroen

Slide 31

Gas measurement

Ultrasonic flowmeter

t = time differential
Q= volume flow

t ~ Q

The time of the ultrasonic signal flow against the flow is

slower than the signal with the flow.
This results in a signal run time difference, which is
proportional to the flow rate.

The Transit Time Principle

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Gas measurement

Ultrasonic flowmeter

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bx2RnrfLkQg

Slide 33

Gas measurement

Ultrasonic flowmeter for Bio Gas

Measurement principle:
• Ultrasonic transit time
technology

Measured variables:
• Gas Volume flow
• Methane content of Biogas
• Temperature

Calculated variables :
• Norm Volume flow
• Calorific value
• Wobbe Index

Slide 34

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Gas measurement

Ultrasonic Clamp On flowmeter

Clamp-on
+ Easy Installation
+ Contact free
- Spacing crucial

1 Traverse 2 Traverses 4 Traverses

> 24" 2" to 24" 2"

Slide 35

Gas measurement

Advantages

• High Repeatability of 0.3% => Ideal for Process control

• Measures bi-directionally like a magmeter
• No medium contact => Ideal for high pressures, no leakage
• No Pipe work needed => Ideal for Retrofit $
=> No welding of old pipelines $
=> No pressure testing needed $
=> No pressure testing needed $
=> No cranes needed $
• No line shut down needed => No customers affected $
=> No costly mailing action needed $
=> No project management needed $
$ = saves money, time and trouble

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Products Solutions Services

Gas Training

Summary of Advantages and strength

Slide 37

Gas measurement

Legend:

• 4 if technology can NOT be used at all

• 3 = Not very suitable or costly in this application
• 2 = Good suitability but with compromises and/or limitations depending
on particular application
• 1= Usually the best choice

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Gas measurement

Advantages and Strengths - Gas Applications

Coriolis Vortex Ultrasonic Thermal Diff. pressure

Mass measurement
1 2 2 1 2
High accuracy
1 2 2 2 2
High turn-down
2 2 2 1 3
Little pressure loss
3 2 1 1 2
Little influence from
process
1 1 2 3 2
Simple Installation
1 2 2 2 3
Large DN range
2 2 3 2 1

Slide 39

Gas measurement

Advantages and Strengths - Steam Applications

Coriolis Vortex Ultrasonic Thermal Diff. pressure

Mass measurement
1 2 4 4 2
High accuracy
1 2 4 4 2
High turn-down
2 2 4 4 3
Little pressure loss
3 2 4 4 2
Large T and p Range
3 2 4 4 1
Simple Installation
1 2 4 4 3
Large DN range
2 4 4 1

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Products Solutions Services

Gas Training

Overview of installation requirements

Slide 41

Gas measurement

Coriolis installation considerations: full pipe (1)

• The measuring tube(s) of a Coriolis meter must be kept full.
• Consider the following recommendations:
• Best mounting location:
In vertical pipeline with flow streaming upwards
• Good alternative:
Horizontal orientation on a low point in the pipeline.

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Gas measurement

Coriolis installation considerations

• Consider the following restrictions:

• Avoid installation at the highest point of a pipeline.
• Avoid installation directly upstream of a free pipe outlet in a
vertical pipeline.

Slide 43

Gas measurement

Vortex Inlet and Outlet Requirements

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Gas measurement

Vortex installation requirements

Always consider the worst case

disturbance

Slide 45

Gas measurement

Vortex installation, PT and TT compensation

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Gas measurement

Vortex installation, Plate conditioner

Slide 47

Gas measurement

Vortex installation, Transmitter orientation

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Gas measurement

Tmass 65F, inline flowmeter

Slide 49

Gas measurement

Tmass insertion type

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Gas measurement

Flow Conditioner

Slide 51

Gas measurement

Insertion depth

 Ideal insertion depth depends on pipe dimension

 Insertion depth is determined and adjusted as per
documentation
 The ideal insertion depth is 30% of diameter

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Gas measurement

Installation requirement Ultrasonic

• Single Bend: 5 x DN

• Double Bend 5 x DN

Flow

• Pumps: Min 15 x DN

• Control valves: 40 x DN
• Isolation valves fully open: 5 x DN

Slide 53

Gas measurement

Clamp Ð On Installation

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Gas measurement

DP Pitot tube

Slide 55

Gas measurement

• NOTE:

This is not a calibration rig therefore good

measurement/installation practice has not always
been followed. It is meant to demonstrate example
of good and bad aspect in gas flow measurement

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Gas measurement

Flow technology gas rig

Coriolis 83F T mass 65F T mass B150

Vortex 73F Ultrasonic B200 DP flow PMD55/75

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