TPCK Models for Classroom Use

A ND CONTENT KNOWLEDGE
GICAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, PEDAGO
COVERAGE
!Application of TPCK
!Preparing Teachers to Implement TPCK
!Preparing Teachings for ICT Readiness
!Identifying TPCK Models for Classroom Use
PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 2 4/10/2018
GUESS THE MOVIE TITLE



EDUCATION AND LITERACY IN THE PHILIPPINES
Population as of August 1, 2015

Source: The Philippines in Figures 2017, Philippines Statistics Authority (PSA)
Total 100,979,303
! Male 51,069,962
! Female 49,909,341

ENROLMENT
2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015
Preschool 2,156,014 2,285,454 2,210,571

Elementary 14,507,460 14,487,233 14,478,844
Secondary 7,051,279 7,171,208 7,281,362
Tertiary 3,563,396 3,811,726 4,104,841
Tertiary Graduates 585,288 632,076 645,973

ELEMENTARY ACHIEVEMENT RATE (Mean Percentage Score)
2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015
Mathematics 69.03 72.38 69.71

Science 65.72 66.56 67.19
English 67.12 70.17 71.80
Overall 68.88 69.97 69.10
Source: National Achievement Test (NAT), for elementary level, was given in Grade VI from SY 2008!2009 for SY 2012!2013. For secondary level, NAT was administered to
Year 2 in SY 2008!2009 to SY 2010!2011 and Year 4 in SY 2011!2012 to SY 2012!2013. (in The Philippines in Figures 2017, Philippine Statistics Authority)

SECONDARY ACHIEVEMENT RATE (Mean Percentage Score)
2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015
Mathematics 46.83 51.94 47.37

Science 41.35 44.80 46.56
English 53.99 58.41 46.45
Overall 51.41 53.77 49.48
Source: National Achievement Test (NAT), for elementary level, was given in Grade VI from SY 2008!2009 for SY 2012!2013. For secondary level, NAT was administered to
Year 2 in SY 2008!2009 to SY 2010!2011 and Year 4 in SY 2011!2012 to SY 2012!2013. (in The Philippines in Figures 2017, Philippine Statistics Authority)

DIGITAL REVOLUTION
All these and more fit in
your pocket now!

DIGITAL REVOLUTION

EVOLUTION OF MOBILE PHONES

DIGITAL REVOLUTION
What is the world’s largest taxi company?
Number of Taxi: 0
DIGITAL REVOLUTION
What is the world’s largest accommodation provider?
Number of Real Estate: 0

DIGITAL REVOLUTION
What is the world’s top 4 largest communication companies?
Number of Infrastructure: 0
DIGITAL REVOLUTION
What is the world’s most valuable retailer?
Number of Inventory: 0
DIGITAL REVOLUTION
What is the world’s most popular media platform?
Number of Content Created: 0

DIGITAL REVOLUTION
What is the world’s largest movie house?
Number of Cinema: 0
WAYS THE WEB HAS CHANGED US
We multitask more
No more “dead time”

We no longer send Telegrams

We are our own doctors

We don’t wait in line at banks

… or at stores/malls
We don’t use encyclopedias anymore

WHAT IS TECHNOLOGY?
In the narrowest sense, TECHNOLOGY consists of manufactured
objects like tools and containers. Their purpose is either to
enhance human capabilities or enable humans to perform tasks
they could not perform otherwise.
Technology includes both what things are made and how things
are made.

CHARACTERISTICS OF TECHNOLOGY

DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY IS HERE TO STAY!

INTEGRATIVE MODEL OF TPCK
(Adopted from Mishra & Koehler, 2006)

TABLE I: CONTENT KNOWLEDGE (CK)
SCORE RANGE QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTOR
6-8 Very low
9-11 Low
12-14 Moderately low
15-17 Slightly below average
18-20 Average
21-23 Slightly above average
24-26 Moderately high
27-28 High
29-30 Very high

CK: CONTENT KNOWLEDGE
(MISHRA & KOEHLER, 2006)
“… knowledge about the actual subject matter that is to be

learned or taught, including knowledge of central facts,
concepts, theories, and procedures within a given field;
knowledge of explanatory frameworks that organize and
connects ideas; and knowledge of the rules of evidence and proof
(Shulman, 1986).” (p. 1026)

Try to trace the following figure without lifting your pencil. Retracing lines is not permitted.

Solution:

TABLE II: PEDAGOGY KNOWLEDGE (PK)
7-10 Very low
11-14 Low
21-23 Average
30-32 High
33-35 Very high

PK: PEDAGOGICAL KNOWLEDGE
“… knowledge about the processes and practices or methods of

teaching and learning and how it encompasses, among other
things, overall educational purposes, values and aims. It includes
knowledge about techniques or methods to be used in the
classroom; the nature of target audience; and strategies for
evaluating student understanding…” (p. 1026-1027)

TABLE III: TECHNOLOGY KNOWLEDGE (TK)
11-15 Very low
16-20 Low
31-35 Average
45-50 High
51-55 Very high

TK: TECHNOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE
“… knowledge of operating systems and computer hardware, and

the ability to use standard sets of software tools such as work
processors, spreadsheets, browsers, and e-mail. TK includes
knowledge of how to install and remove peripheral devices,
install and remove software programs…” (p. 1027)

HOW TO BE A GOOGLE POWER USER










TABLE IV: TECHNOLOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE (TCK)
5-7 Very low
8-10 Low
16-17 Average
22-23 High
24-25 Very high

TCK: TECHNOLOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE
“… knowledge about the manner in which technology and content

are reciprocally related. Although technology constrains the
kinds of representation possible, newer technologies often
afford newer and more varies representation and greater
flexibility in navigating across these representations.” (p. 1028)

PhET provides fun, free, interactive, research-based science and
mathematics simulations. The simulations are written in Java, Flash or
HTML5, and can be run online or downloaded to your computer.

! Encourage scientific inquiry
! Provide interactivity
! Make the invisible visible
! Show visual models
! Include multiple representations (e.g. object motion, graphs,
numbers, etc.)

! Use real-world connections
! Give users implicit guidance (e.g. by limiting controls) in
productive exploration
! Create a simulation that can be flexibly used in many educational
situations

TABLE V: PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE (PCK)
7-10 Very low
11-14 Low
21-23 Average
30-32 High
33-35 Very high

PCK: PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE
“… exists at the intersection of content and pedagogy. PCK

represents the blending of content and pedagogy into an
understanding of how particular aspects of subject matter are
organized, adapted, and represented for instruction.” (p. 1021)

TABLE VI: TECHNOLOGICAL PEDAGOGICAL KNOWLEDGE (TPK)
9-13 Very low
14-17 Low
26-29 Average
38-41 High
42-45 Very high

TPK: TECHNOLOGICAL PEDAGOGICAL KNOWLEDGE
“… knowledge of the existence, components, and capabilities of

various technologies as they are used in teaching and learning
settings, and conversely, knowing how teaching might change as
the result of using particular technologies.” (p. 1028)

TABLE VII: TECHNOLOGICAL PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE (TPCK)
7-10 Very low
11-14 Low
21-23 Average
30-32 High
33-35 Very high

TPCK: TECHNOLOGICAL PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE
“… requires an understanding of the representation of concepts

using technologies; pedagogical techniques that use
technologies in constructive ways to teach content; knowledge
of how technologies can be used to build on existing
knowledge...” (p. 1029)

TRANSFORMATIVE
MODEL OF TPCK
(Angeli and Valanides, 2005)
PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO

ENTO 88 4/10/2018
AS TEACHERS WE SHOULD KNOW HOW TO…
(ANGELI & VALANIDES, 2009)
(1) Identify topics to be taught with ICT in ways that signify the
added value of ICT tools, such as topics that student cannot
easily comprehend or that teachers face difficulties or
presenting effectively in class.

(2) Identify appropriate representations for transforming the

content to be taught into forms that are pedagogically powerful
and difficult to support by traditional means.

(3) Identify teaching tactics, which are difficult or impossible to

implement by other means, such as the application of ideas in
contexts that are not experienced in real life.

(4) Select tools with appropriate affordances to support 2 and 3.

and
(5) Infuse computer activities with appropriate learner-centered
strategies in the classroom.

DIDACTICAL ENGINEERING AND E-DIDACTICS
Didactics as a science, engineering, and art of teaching and learning

The didactical tetrahedron

Didactical engineering and its main purpose: the design of effective learning environment

BLENDED LEARNING

BLENDED LEARNING
FLIPPED CLASSROOM
A flipped classroom is one in which students listen to online
lectures at home at night and then use that content at the school
next day

COMPARISON OF CLASS TIME IN TRADITIONAL VS. FLIPPED CLASSROOM
Traditional Classroom Flipped Classroom
Activity Time Activity Time
Warm-up activity 5 min. Warm-up activity 5 min.
Go over previous night’s Q & A time on video
20 min. 10 min.
homework
Lecture new content Guided and independent practice
30-45 min. 75 min.
and/or lab activity
Guided and independent practice
20-35 min.
and/or lab activity
Source: Bergmann & Sams, 2012, p. 15

Gamification is when game design elements (e.g. points, leader boards, and badges)
are used in non-game contexts to promote user engagement
(Attali & Arieli-Attali, 2015).

A WebQuest is an inquiry-oriented lesson format in which most or all
the information that learners work with comes from the web. The
WebQuest model was developed by Bernie Dodge and Tom March at
San Diego State University in 1995.

EDUCATION 4.0
the future of learning will be dramatically different,
in school and throughout life.

EDUCATION 4.0
9 Trends that Stand Out
Diverse time and Exams will change
Project based.
place. completely.
Personalized
Field experience. Student ownership.
learning.
Mentoring will
Free choice. Data interpretation. become more
important.

Thank you very much!

TPCK Models for Classroom Use

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A ND CONTENT KNOWLEDGE

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 3 4/10/2018

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 5 4/10/2018

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 6 4/10/2018

Population as of August 1, 2015

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 7 4/10/2018

2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015

Preschool 2,156,014 2,285,454 2,210,571

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 8 4/10/2018

2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015

Mathematics 69.03 72.38 69.71

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 9 4/10/2018

2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015

Mathematics 46.83 51.94 47.37

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 10 4/10/2018

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 11 4/10/2018

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 12 4/10/2018

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 13 4/10/2018

Number of Real Estate: 0

Number of Content Created: 0

No more “dead time”

We no longer send Telegrams

We are our own doctors

We don’t wait in line at banks

We don’t use encyclopedias anymore

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 27 4/10/2018

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 29 4/10/2018

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 32 4/10/2018

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 33 4/10/2018

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 34 4/10/2018

“… knowledge about the actual subject matter that is to be

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 35 4/10/2018

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 36 4/10/2018

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 37 4/10/2018

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 38 4/10/2018

“… knowledge about the processes and practices or methods of

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 39 4/10/2018

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 40 4/10/2018

“… knowledge of operating systems and computer hardware, and

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 41 4/10/2018

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 42 4/10/2018

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 43 4/10/2018

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 44 4/10/2018

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 45 4/10/2018

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 46 4/10/2018

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 47 4/10/2018

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 48 4/10/2018

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 49 4/10/2018

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 50 4/10/2018

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 51 4/10/2018

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 52 4/10/2018

“… knowledge about the manner in which technology and content

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 53 4/10/2018

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 54 4/10/2018

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 55 4/10/2018

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 56 4/10/2018

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 81 4/10/2018

“… exists at the intersection of content and pedagogy. PCK

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 82 4/10/2018

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 83 4/10/2018

“… knowledge of the existence, components, and capabilities of

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 84 4/10/2018

PREPARED BY: CELINA P. SARMIENTO 86 4/10/2018