Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
© ABB Group
06/12/2013 | Slide 2
Current Transformers
Main tasks for Instrument Transformers
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06/12/2013 | Slide 3
Current Transformers
IP
H
I
H P
2 r
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06/12/2013 | Slide 4
Current Transformers
IP IS
EP NP NS ES
IP NS
Transformer in short circuit
IS NP
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06/12/2013 | Slide 5
Current Transformers
IP IS
Rb
NP NS If Im E0
Xb
If
I0
Im
IS
I0
IP(NP/NS)
-IS(RS+Rb)
E0
IS
IP(NP/NS)
-ISXb
© ABB Group
06/12/2013 | Slide 6
Current Transformers
I1
Kn
I2
Actual transformation ratio:
Kd
I1 I 0
I2
Ratio error
%
K n I 2 I1 100 Always actual values for I1 and I2
I1
© ABB Group
06/12/2013 | Slide 7
Current Transformers
NP
IP B Tesla
NS
IS
Z
I0
2
E= NS A B f Volt
2
ΙP
ΝS ΝP
ΙS
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06/12/2013 | Slide 8
Current Transformers
Metering
Protection
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06/12/2013 | Slide 9
Current Transformers
Core material
B (Tesla)
oriented steel
my-metal
H (At/cm)
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06/12/2013 | Slide 10
Current Transformers
IEC Standards
IEC 60044 – 6 Requirements for protective current transformers for transient performance
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06/12/2013 | Slide 11
Current Transformers
Standards
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06/12/2013 | Slide 12
Current Transformers
Definition
Ratio 1000/1A
Rated frequency 50 Hz
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06/12/2013 | Slide 13
Current Transformers
Properties for metering core
High Accuracy
Low burden
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06/12/2013 | Slide 14
Current Transformers
IEC 60044 – 1 metering accuracy requirements
Class Percentage ratio error at percent of rated current Phase displacement at percent of rated current (minutes)
5 20 100 120 5 20 100 120
0.1 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 15 8 5 5
0.2 0.75 0.35 0.2 0.2 30 15 10 10
0.5 1.5 0.75 0.5 0.5 90 45 30 30
1.0 3.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 180 90 60 60
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06/12/2013 | Slide 15
Current Transformers
IEC 60044 – 1 metering accuracy requirements
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06/12/2013 | Slide 16
Current Transformers for Metering
IEEE C57.13 / C57.13.6
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06/12/2013 | Slide 17
Current Transformers for Metering
Standard burdens IEEE C57.13 / C57.13.6
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06/12/2013 | Slide 18
Current Transformers
Ratio error
Ratio error %
No turns correction
+0.75
25 % burden
+0.35
+0.2
-0.2
-0.35
100 % burden
-0.75
5 20 Rated current % 100 120
© ABB Group
06/12/2013 | Slide 19
Current Transformers
Turns correction
Example:
Ratio: 1000 / 5A
Nominal number of secondary turns
N2 = (I1 x N1) / I2
N2 = (1000 x 1) / 5 = 200
Select N2 = 199 turns.
I2 = (1000 x 1) / 199 = 5.025 A
Turns correction:
(5.025 - 5.0) / 5 = + 0.5 %
© ABB Group
06/12/2013 | Slide 20
Current Transformers
Turns correction
I1 N1
I21 N2 A21
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06/12/2013 | Slide 21
Current Transformers
Ratio error %
+0.75
App 0.2% turns correction
25 % burden
+0.35
+0.2
-0.2
-0.35
100 % burden
-0.75
5 20 Rated current % 100 120
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06/12/2013 | Slide 22
Current Transformers for protection
Properties
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06/12/2013 | Slide 23
Current Transformers for protection
IEC 60044-1
5P 1% 60 min 5%
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06/12/2013 | Slide 24
Current Transformers for protection
IEC 60044-1
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06/12/2013 | Slide 25
Current Transformers for protection
IEC 60044-1
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06/12/2013 | Slide 26
Current Transformers for protection
Relaying accuracy ratings according to IEEC C57.13
For relaying accuracy ratings, the ratio correction shall not exceed 10%. Relaying accuracy ratings shall be
designated by a classification and a secondary terminal voltage rating as follows:
C, K, or T, classification.
C classification covers current transformers in which the leakage flux in the core of the transformer does not
have an appreciable effect
K classification cores shall have a knee-point voltage at least 70% of the secondary terminal voltage rating.
T classification covers current transformers in which the leakage flux in the core of the transformer has an
appreciable effect.
Secondary terminal voltage rating is the voltage the transformer will deliver to a standard burden at 20
times rated secondary current (5 A) without exceeding 10% ratio correction.
© ABB Group
06/12/2013 | Slide 27
Current Transformers for protection
Relaying accuracy ratings according to IEEC C57.13
Secondary terminal voltage rating is the voltage the transformer will deliver to a standard
burden at 20 times rated secondary current (5 A) without exceeding 10% ratio correction.
IEC protection class 100 VA 10P20 equal to IEEE protection class C400, except IEC specifies power factor 0.8
© ABB Group
06/12/2013 | Slide 28
Current Transformers
Saturation factor - Over-current factor
Defined as:
Ratio between rated over-current and rated primary current
Rated over-current is the primary current at which the
composite error for the metering core is 10 % at rated
burden
© ABB Group
06/12/2013 | Slide 29
Current Transformers
Saturation factor - Over-current factor
Defined as:
Ratio between rated over-current and rated primary current
Rated over-current is the primary current at which the
protection core complies to the specified composite error
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06/12/2013 | Slide 30
Current Transformers
Saturation factor
Saturation factor
Ips Bs
ALF = =
Ipn Bn
(minimum factor)
Ips = Over current
Ipn = Rated current
Ips Bs
FS = =
Ipn Bn
(maximum factor)
© ABB Group
06/12/2013 | Slide 31
Current Transformers
FS Value
20
E 0 , 5 5 6 , 5 Volt
5
2
10
E 0 , 5 5 4 , 5 Volt
2
5
Actual FS - value: 32,5 / 4,5 = 7,2
© ABB Group
06/12/2013 | Slide 32
Current Transformers
ALF Value
20
E 0 , 5 5 6 , 5 Volt
5
2
10
E 0 , 5 5 4 , 5 Volt
2
5
Actual ALF - value: 130 / 4,5 = 28,9
© ABB Group
06/12/2013 | Slide 33
Current Transformers
Over-current factor
S N ( R CT I SN
2
)
n nN
S ( R CT I SN
2
)
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06/12/2013 | Slide 34
Current Transformers
Open secondary circuit
Iron length cm 50 50 50
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06/12/2013 | Slide 35
Current Transformers
Primary reconnection
Made on primary side in relations 2 : 1 or 4 : 2: 1
Ex: 500 – 1000 / 5 A.
Series connection (2 x 500 A)
C1 C2
P1
P2
S1 S2
Parallel connection (1 X 1000 A)
C1 C2
P1
P2
S1 S2
© ABB Group
06/12/2013 | Slide 36
Current Transformers
Secondary reconnection
Can be made in any suitable combination of ratios
P1
S1
500 / 5 A
S2
1000 / 5 A
S3
P2
© ABB Group
06/12/2013 | Slide 37
Current Transformers
C1 C2
P1
P2
S1 S2 S3
250-500 / 5 A
500-1000 / 5 A
© ABB Group
06/12/2013 | Slide 38
Current Transformers
NP
IP B Tesla
NS
IS
Z
I0
2
E= NS A B f Volt
2
ΙP
ΝS ΝP
ΙS
© ABB Group
06/12/2013 | Slide 39
Current Transformers
Secondary reconnection
” Multi-ratio according to IEEE ”
H1 H2
X1 X2 X3 X4 X5
200/5 100/5 500/5 400/5
300/5 900/5
800/5
600/5
1000/5
1200/5
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06/12/2013 | Slide 40
Current Transformers
Short circuit current
Line impedance
E sin t Z = R + jX
Total flux Ф
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06/12/2013 | Slide 42
Current Transformers
Duty cycles
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06/12/2013 | Slide 43
Current Transformers
Flux in core
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Time, ms
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06/12/2013 | Slide 44
Current Transformers
r s
Kr = r r
s
s = saturation flux
r = remanent flux
Maximum value of Kr for
TPY and PR cores are
0.1 after 3 minutes a=none air gaps
b=small air gaps
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06/12/2013 | Slide 45
Current Transformers
Cores
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06/12/2013 | Slide 46
Current Transformers
Error limits
Error limits for TPS, TPX, TPY and TPZ current transformers
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06/12/2013 | Slide 47
Current Transformers
Important parameters TP.. cores
Rated primary current (Ipn) Standard value e.g. 600, 1200, 2000 A
Burden S=Isn2 x Zb
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06/12/2013 | Slide 48
Current Transformers
Important parameters TP.. cores
© ABB Group
06/12/2013 | Slide 49
Current Transformers
Important parameters TP.. cores
Typical Ts for
TPX core 5 - 20 s (no air gaps)
TPY core 0.5 - 2 s (small air gaps)
TPZ core ~ 60 ms (phase displacement 180 min +/- 10%, large air gaps)
© ABB Group
06/12/2013 | Slide 50
Current Transformers
Testing
All the dielectric type tests should be carried out on the same transformer
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06/12/2013 | Slide 51
Current Transformers
Testing
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06/12/2013 | Slide 53