PARUL UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Class: B.E. 7th sem Subject: Operations Research

Asignement Subject code: 171901

LIST OF ASSIGNEMENT

Sr.No. Title of Experiment

1 Introduction to Operations Research
2 Exercise on graphical solution of LP problems
3 Exercise on Simplex method
4 Exercise on Two-Phase method
5 Exercise on Transportation problems
6 Exercise on Assignment problems
7 Replacement Theory – 1
8 Replacement Theory – 2
9 Exercise on Queuing problems
10 Exercise on Game Theory problems

Lab Incharge H.O.D

 PARUL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Class: B.E. 7th sem Subject: Operations Research

Asignement Subject code: 171901

ASSIGNMENT 1
INTRODUCTION TO OPERATIONS RESEARCH

QUESTIONS:

1. Define Operations research. When it was originated? Discuss in brief.

2. Discuss in Detail the area of application of operation research.
3. List out the main characteristics of OR & elaborate them.
4. State the phases of OR. Discuss them in detail.
5. Explain how the Operation Research methods have been valuable in decision
making?
 PARUL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Class: B.E. 7th sem Subject: Operations Research

Asignement Subject code: 171901

ASSIGNMENT 2
LINEAR PROGRAMMING - 1
GRAPHICAL METHOD

1. A textile firm wants to schedule its production of two types of cloths A and B for the
forthcoming month. Type of cloth A is 60×40 and that of B is 40×40. (40 & 60 is size of
yarn. The data collected was as under.

Sr. No Parameter Cloth A Cloth B

1 Selling Price(Rs/m) 10.90 6.60
2 Variable Costs 4.50 1.50
(a) Wages Paid to weavers (Rs/m)
(b) Yarn Cost (Rs/m) 5.50 4.50
3 Production Rate ( m/loom day) 5 12
4 Yarn Consumption (gm/m) 60 100
(a) 40s yarn
(b) 60s yarn 40 -

Looking to present inventory and sales potential of the market sales manager has
instructed not to produce cloth more than 11,000m of type A and 22,000 of type B for the
forthcoming month. Yarn availability for the next month is 2400kg of 40s yarn and 480
kg of 60s yarn.
There are 3000 loom days available for the production.
Questions
(i) Given the production capacity, yarn availability and sales constraints, what
product mix would you suggest to him for the next month so as to maximize
contribution.
(ii) The project manger believes that the interest of weavers must be protected by
ensuring minimum wages of Rs. 20.50 per loom day. Would you recommend
to him a different product mix in order that he may fulfill this objective? How
much extra remuneration is provided to weavers by this plan over the plan you
suggested under question 1 above.
(iii) The Finance manager informed that the production plan arrived at could not be
supported with money more than Rs. 150000 for the next month. What should
be the production plan in light of this new information? (The wages and the
yarn cost have to be paid for in cash.
2. The cool-II refrigeration company produces two models of refrigerators: Jumbo and
coolex. Due to competitive condition, the profit margins are less so that the company
sells these products to dealers at a profit of Rs. 200 per unit of Jumbo and Rs.100/unit
of coolex. A Jumbo requires, on the average, 150 man-hrs for assembly, 50 man-hrs
for painting and finishing, and 10 man-hrs for testing and checkout. A unit of coolex,
 PARUL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Class: B.E. 7th sem Subject: Operations Research

Asignement Subject code: 171901

on the other hand, takes respectively 60,40 and 20 hours in these departments. During
each production run, there are 30,000 man-hrs available in the assembly shop, 13000
man-hrs in the painting and finishing shop, and 5000 man-hrs in the checking and
testing division.
Show the constraints on a graph and attempt the following questions.
(i) What product mix would yield the maximum profit? What is the profit?
(ii) If both the refrigerators yielded the same profit of Rs.100 per unit, what would
be the optimal mix? The Profit?
(iii) Suppose the demand for Jumbo were to increase to the point where the
company could attain three times as much profit on Jumbo as on Coolex, what
would be the optimal mix?
(iv) If the demand for Coolex is increased to such an extent that the company
could make more money on it than on Jumbo, at what point would it pay to
switch all of its production facilities over to the production of coolex only.
 PARUL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Class: B.E. 7th sem Subject: Operations Research

Asignement Subject code: 171901

ASSIGNMENT 3
LINEAR PROGRAMMING - 2
SIMPLEX METHOD AND BIG M METHOD

1. Explain the following terms.

(i) Slack Variable
(ii) Surplus variable
(iii) Artificial Variable
(iv) Basic feasible solution
(v) Degenerate basic feasible solution
(vi) Optimal solution
(vii) Feasible solution
(viii) Unbounded problem
(ix) Infeasible Problem
(x) Unrestricted variable
(xi) Initial Basic Feasible solution

2. The following data is available for two products:

Product Production Production Rate in Units/hr

Alternatives Production Centre I Production Centre II
1 1 0.4 -
2 - 0.5
2 1 0.5 1.0
Production Hours available per week 500 400
Cost of production in Rs per hr 6 8

Selling price Rs./unit for product 1 is Rs. 20 and that of product 2 is Rs. 26. There
is sales commitment of 100 units per week of product 2. Find the optimal solution
and give necessary information.

3. Using simplex method solve the following LPP.

Maximize Z = 4x1+3x2

Subject to 2x1+9x2 ≤ 180

3x1+6x2 ≤ 120
x1+x2 = 80
x1,x2 ≥ 0
 PARUL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Class: B.E. 7th sem Subject: Operations Research

Asignement Subject code: 171901

4. Solve the problem using Big M method.

Maximize Z = 5x1+x2- x3

Subject to x1 ≤ 3000
x2 ≥ 1500
x3 ≥ 2000
x1+x2 +x3 = 10,000
x1,x2 ,x3 ≥ 0
 PARUL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Class: B.E. 7th sem Subject: Operations Research

Asignement Subject code: 171901

ASSIGNMENT 4
LINEAR PROGRAMMING - 3
TWO PHASE METHOD AND DUALITY IN LINEAR
PROGRAMMING

1. What are the advantages of two-phase method?

2. Use two phase simplex method to solve the following LPP.

Maximize Z=5x1-4x2+3x3
Subject to
2x1+x2-6x3=20
6x1+5x2+10x3≤76
8x1-3x2+6x3≤50
x1,x2,x3≥0

3. (a) What is ‘Duality’? When is it preferable to solve the dual rather than primal?

(b) Solve the following LPP by using its dual.

Maximize Z = 5x -2y + 3z

Subject to 2x + 2y - z ≥ 2
3x – 4y ≤ 3
y + 3z ≤ 5
x1,x2 ,x3 ≥ 0
Also read the solution to the primal from the final (Optimal) dual table.

4. Write the dual of the following primal problem.

Maximize Z = 3x1+5x2 +7x3

Subject to x1 + x2 + 3 x3 ≤ 10
4x1 - x2 + 2 x3 ≥ 15
x1,x2 ≥ 0, x3 unrestricted in sign

5. (a) Construct the dual problem of following LPP

 PARUL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Class: B.E. 7th sem Subject: Operations Research

Asignement Subject code: 171901

Maximize Z = 3x1+17x2 +9x3

Subject to x1 - x2 + x3 ≥ 3
-3x1 + 2 x3 ≤ 1
2 x1 + x2 - 5x3 = 3
x1,x2,x3 ≥ 0,

(b) Solve the above problem using dual simplex method. Also solve the same problem
with Big M method and verify the solution.
 PARUL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Class: B.E. 7th sem Subject: Operations Research

Asignement Subject code: 171901

ASSIGNMENT 5
TRANSPORTATION TECHNIQUES

1. (a) Explain the LPP formulation of a transportation problem.

(b) When will you declare that the solution to the transportation problem is
degenerate solution? How will you remove the degeneracy from the solution?
Also explain redundancy in a solution of transportation problem.

2. A job shop makes four products on regular basis. The products can be produced by
any one of three machines except product A by machine 2 and product B by machine
3. The capacity, production cost, demand and selling price data are tabulated below.
Determine optimum production schedule.

Product cost in Rs./Unit Capacity

A B C D Unit/week
1 40 35 32 30 200
Machine 2 - 35 40 35 240
3 29 - 40 30 140
Weekly Demand (units) 160 140 170 150
Selling price Rs/unit 41 40 42 35

Use VAM for initial solution and stepping stone method of testing its optimality.

3. A company has seven manufacturing units situated in different parts of the country.
Due to recession it is proposing to close four of these and to concentrate production in
the remaining three units. Production in these units will actually be increased from
present levels and will require an increase in the personnel employed in them.
Personnel at the units to be closed have expressed willingness to move to any one of
the three remaining units and the company is willing to provide them with removal
costs.
The technology of production is different to some degree at each unit and
retaining expenses will be incurred on transfer. Not all exsisting personnel can be
absorbed by transfer and a number of redundancies will arise. Cost of redundancy is
given as a general figure at each unit to be closed.

Units to be closed
A B C D
No. Employed 200 400 300 200
Retaining Cost : Rs. 000 per person A B C D
transferred to :
Unit E 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.3
 PARUL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Class: B.E. 7th sem Subject: Operations Research

Asignement Subject code: 171901

Unit F 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.3

Unit G 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.3
Removal Cost : Rs. 000 per person A B C D
transferred to :
Unit E 2.5 3.6 3.4 4.7
Unit F 2.4 4.6 3.4 1.7
Unit G 2.5 2.7 3.3 2.7
Redundancy payments: Rs 000 per A B C D
person
6.0 5.0 6.0 7.0

Additional Personnel required at units remaining open

Unit E: 350
Unit F: 450
Unit G:200

(a) Obtain a solution to the problem of the cheapest (Least cost) means to transfer
personnel from the units to be closed to those which will be expanded. (You
should show all workings clearly indicating how transfers from one unit to another
have been evaluated)
(b) State with reasons whether or not the solution you obtained is optimal and unique.
(c) State the costs of the initial and final solution.

4. A company having four plants A, B, C, D and four warehouses 1, 2, 3, and 4 obtains

the tableau as given below as one of the iteration for minimizing the transportation cost.

1 2 3 4 Availability
A 50
9 8 9 10
B 60
10 10 12 14
C 70
8 9 11 11
D 20
10 10 11 12
Requirement 50 60 70 20

In each cell the lower right corner number is the unit transportation cost and circled
number is the units allocated for transportation through that cell in current iteration.
(i) Is this the optimal solution? Use MODI method to test the optimality.
(ii) If not find the optimal solution.
 PARUL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Class: B.E. 7th sem Subject: Operations Research

Asignement Subject code: 171901

ASSIGNMENT 6
ASSIGNMENT THEORY

1. Explain the LPP formulation of an assignment problem and prove that an assignment
problem is sub-class of a transportation problem.

2. A company has 5 jobs to be done on 5 machines. The following matrix shows the
return in thousand rupees when different jobs assigned to different machines for a given
period.

Job
1 2 3 4 5
1 5 11 10 12 -
Machine 2 - 4 6 3 5
3 3 12 5 14 6
4 6 14 4 11 7
5 7 9 8 12 5

Find optimal assignment. Note that machine 1 cannot manufacture job 5 and machine 2
cannot manufacture job 1.

3. Five mechanics are available to work on five machines and the respective cost in
rupees for each mechanic-machine combination is given in matrix below.
A sixth machine is available to replace one of the existing machine and the
associated costs are in the same table.

Machine
1 2 3 4 5 6
A 19 15 - 16 13 22
Mechanic B 13 - 15 - 21 14
C 15 17 19 20 12 18
D 20 22 16 18 17 -
E - 16 14 19 18 15

Determine,
(i) Whether the new machine can be accepted?
(ii) The optimal assignment and cost saving because of adding sixth machine.

4. Solve the assignment problem represented by following cost matrix:

 PARUL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Class: B.E. 7th sem Subject: Operations Research

Asignement Subject code: 171901

I II III IV V VI
A 9 22 58 11 19 27
B 43 28 72 50 63 48
C 41 28 91 37 45 33
D 74 42 27 49 39 32
E 36 11 57 22 25 19
F 3 56 53 31 17 18

Also find out the another optimal solution if that exist.

5. A sales man wants to visit cities A, B, C, D and E. He does not want to visit any city
twice before completing his tour of all the cities and wishes to return to the point of
starting journey. Cost of going from city to another (in hundred rupee) is shown in the
table below.

A B C D E
A 0 2 5 7 1
B 6 0 3 8 2
C 8 7 0 4 7
D 12 4 6 0 5
E 1 3 2 8 0

Find the least cost route.

 PARUL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Class: B.E. 7th sem Subject: Operations Research

Asignement Subject code: 171901

ASSIGNMENT 7
REPLACEMENT THEORY - 1

1. Discuss the factors responsible for replacement of an item or equipment.

2. Purchase price of a machine is Rs.3000 & its running cost is given in the table
below. If the discount rate is 0.90. Find at what age the machine should be
replaced.

Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Running
Cost 500 600 800 1000 1300 1600 2000
(Rs.)

3. A fleet owner finds from his past records the cost of his automobile per year whose
purchase price is Rs.60,000 are given as under:

Year Running Cost (Rs.) Resale Value (Rs.)

1 10000 30000
2 12000 15000
3 14000 7500
4 18000 3750
5 23000 2000
6 28000 2000
7 34000 2000
8 40000 2000
Determine at what age the replacement is due?

4. A Manufacturer is offered two machines A and B. A has cost price of Rs.2500; its
running cost is Rs.400 for each of the first 5 years and increases by Rs.100 every
subsequent year. Machine B having same capacity as A, costs Rs.1250, has running
cost of Rs.600 for 6 years, increases by Rs.100 per year there after, If money is worth
increasing 10% per year, which machine should be purchased? Scrap value of both
machines is negligibly small.

5. Machine A costs Rs.3600. Annual operating costs are Rs.40 for the first year and
then increase by Rs.360 every year. Assuming that machine A has no resale value.
Determine the best replacement age. Another machine B which is similar to machine
A costs Rs.4000. Annual running costs are Rs.200 for the first year and then increases
by Rs.200 every year. It has resale value of Rs.1500, Rs.1000 and Rs.500 if replaced
at the end of 1st, 2nd & 3rd year respectively.
It has no resale value during 4th year and onwards. Which machine would you prefer
to purchase? Future costs are not to discounted.
 PARUL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Class: B.E. 7th sem Subject: Operations Research

Asignement Subject code: 171901

ASSIGNMENT 8
REPLACEMENT THEORY – 2
1. Explain individual replacement & group replacement.
2. Explain briefly the difference in replacement of item which deteriorates gradually and
items which fails completely.
3. The following mortality rates have been observed for a certain type of light bulbs:

End of week 1 2 3 4 5 6
Probability
of failure to 0.09 0.25 0.49 0.85 0.97 1.00
date

The total number of bulbs in use is 1000. If a bulb fails in service, it cost Rs.3 to
replace but if all the bulbs are replaced in the same operation, it can be done for only
Rs.0.70 a bulb. It is proposed to replace all bulbs at fixed interval, whether or not they
have burnt out, and to continue replacing burnt out bulbs as they fail. What is the best
interval between group replacements?

4. A management of a large hotel is considering the periodic replacement of light

bulbs, fitted in its rooms. There are 500 rooms in the hotel and each room has 6 bulbs
The management is now following the policy of replacing the bulbs as they fail at a
Cost of Rs.3 per bulb. The management feels that this cost can be reduced to Rs.1.00
by adopting the periodic replacement method. On the basis of information given
here, evaluate the alternatives and make recommendations to the management.

Month of use 1 2 3 4 5
% of bulbs failing
10 25 50 80 100
by that month
 PARUL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Class: B.E. 7th sem Subject: Operations Research

Asignement Subject code: 171901

ASSIGNMENT 9
QUEUING THEORY

1. Explain the following terms with respect to queuing models:

(i) Arrival Pattern (ii) Reneging (iii) Balking (iv) Jocking
2. Discuss the field of applications for queuing. Explain queue discipline and its various
forms.
3. Write a note on Kendall’s notation for queuing models.
4. Workers come to tool store room to receive special tools. The average time between
two arrivals is 16 seconds & the arrivals are assumed to be in Poisson distribution.
The average service time is 40 seconds. Determine
(i) Average queue length
(ii) Probability that the attendant remains idle.
(iii) Average number of workers in the system.
(iv) Mean waiting time of an arrival.

5. A 24-hour open highway petrol station has one service channel and the arrival rate of
vehicles throughout the day and the night is according to Poisson’s distribution with
an average of one vehicle every 12 minutes. The time of filling in petrol, paying the
bill and moving away from the service channel is assumed to be exponentially
distributed and takes on an average 9 minutes per vehicle:
(i) What is the probability that an incoming vehicle has to wait?
(ii) What is the average number of vehicles in the queue at any time?
(iii) What is the probability that a vehicle will have to wait atleast 15 minutes before
it is attended to?
(iv) What is utilization factor of the pump service channel?

6. A repairman is to be hired to repair machines which breakdown at an average rate of

3 per hour. Breakdown are distributed in time in a manner that may be regarded as
poisson. Non productive time on any one machine is considered to cost the company
Rs 5 per hour. The company has choice from two repairman – one slow but cheap, the
other fast but expensive. The slow cheap repairman demand Rs. 2 per hour in return
he will service breakdown machines exponentially at an average rate of 4 per hour.
The second fast expensive repairman demands Rs. 8 per hour and will repair machines
exponentially at an average rate of Rs.5 per hour. Which repairman should be hired?
 PARUL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Class: B.E. 7th sem Subject: Operations Research

Asignement Subject code: 171901

ASSIGNMENT 10
GAME THEORY

1. Explain the following term with respect to Game theory.

(i) Two person zero sum game
(ii) Mixed strategy
(iii) Pay off
(iv) Saddle point
(v) Dominance property

2. Explain “Max-Min” and “Min-Max” principle used in game theory with suitable
illustration.

3. Using dominance property find the value of game by graphical method.

B
y1 y2 y3 y4
x1 19 6 7 5
A x2 7 3 14 6
x3 12 8 18 4
x4 8 7 13 1

4. For a pay-off matrix given below decide optimum strategies of player A and B. Is
there a saddle point? If not find the frequencies and the value of game by using
arithmetic method.
B
1 2
1 -2 3
A
2 4 -1

5. Find the Saddle point, optimum strategies and value of the game in the following pay-
off matrix:
Y
A B C D
I -3 4 2 9
X II 7 8 6 10
III 6 2 4 -1

6. For the following pay-off matrix by using rule of Dominance, determine the best
strategy and the value of game.
Y
J K L
 PARUL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Class: B.E. 7th sem Subject: Operations Research

Asignement Subject code: 171901

P 60 50 40
Q 70 70 50
R 80 60 75