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Palmetto EHS, LLC (Palmetto EHS) is pleased to provide the enclosed report for the referenced
site. The sampling was conducted on February 10, 2019. The report includes an executive
summary, investigative methods, results and conclusions.
This work was performed in general conformance with Palmetto EHS Proposal Number 2019049
dated February 8, 2019. This report is provided for the sole use of Horry County Schools. Use of
this report by any other parties will be at such party's sole risk and Palmetto EHS disclaims liability
for any such use or reliance by third parties. The results presented in this report are indicative of
conditions only during the time of the sampling period and of the specific areas referenced.
We appreciate the opportunity to work with you. If you have any questions concerning this
report, please call us at (803) 462-4404.
Sincerely,
Palmetto EHS, LLC
! !
Gary Eubanks Colleen Eubanks, CIH, CSP, CET
Vice President President
Table of Contents
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Report :Horry County Schools (St. James Elementary)
Project No. 2019049
February 13, 2019
Executive Summary
Palmetto EHS conducted follow-up indoor air quality testing in 33 rooms/areas at St. James
Elementary School in Myrtle Beach, SC on February 10, 2019. The testing was conducted indoors
and outdoors for comparison.
• We did not detect musty odors or observe any mold in any of the 33 rooms/areas visited at
St. James Elementary School on the day of our visit.
• The results of the environmental parameter testing revealed that carbon dioxide and
relative humidity was within normal limits in all 33 of the rooms/areas visited on February
10, 2019. Temperature was below normal limits in Portable 197 and Portable 286 but
within normal limits in all of the remaining rooms/areas. The heat was not running in
these portables at the time of our visit.
• Mold spores were not amplified in Rooms A106, A105, A107, A109, A111, A110, E101,
K103, K102, P111, Portable 220, P109, P106, P102, P107, P105, M100 Media Center
Non-Fiction, P103, P100, P117, M104, P112, P114, P118, P116, I111 Multipurpose Gym,
I110, I112, I104, Portable 197, and Portable 286 on February 10, 2019. No further action
is needed in any of these areas.
• Aspergillus/Penicillium mold spores were amplified in Rooms E100 and the Reading
Room on the day of our visit. Although these levels are not dangerous, they do indicate
the presence of an indoor source of Aspergillus/Penicillium that needs to be removed.
Recommendations are provided in the “Conclusions and Recommendations” section of this report.
Scope of Work
Palmetto EHS conducted follow up indoor air quality testing following various levels of surface
cleaning in 33 rooms/areas at St. James Elementary School in Myrtle Beach, SC on February 10,
2019. The purpose of the sampling was to determine if airborne mold spores were elevated above
outdoor levels.
Environmental Parameters
Carbon dioxide (CO2), temperature and relative humidity were measured using a TSI IAQ Calc
direct reading instrument to determine the relative comfort parameters of the subject area and to
evaluate conditions that may promote amplification of microorganisms. The American Society
for Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) has established
guidelines for selected indoor air quality parameters such as temperature, relative humidity (RH)
and carbon dioxide (CO2). These environmental parameters are important determinants for
occupant’s perceptions of thermal comfort, and ASHRAE Standard 55-2004 recommends
ranges for temperature and RH that most occupants (>80%) will find comfortable.
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Report :Horry County Schools (St. James Elementary)
Project No. 2019049
February 13, 2019
Acceptable temperature ranges differ from winter to summer and are a function of RH levels
that range between 30% and 60%. RH below 30% is unacceptable because of the effect of dry
air on the eyes, skin and mucous membranes, and RH above 60% may support the growth of
pathogenic or allergenic microorganisms indoors. The following temperature ranges are
considered acceptable based on the standard:
Summer: 74ºF to 80ºF (for RH = 30%) and 73ºF to 78ºF (for RH = 60%).
Winter: 69ºF to 76ºF (for RH = 30%) and 68ºF to 74ºF (for RH = 60%)
The indoor concentration of CO2 is a surrogate for occupant-generated pollutants that may be
odorous, and is an indicator of the adequacy of the rate of outside air supply per occupant
(dilution ventilation). The higher the indoor concentrations of CO2, the less effective the
ventilation system is in dilution of typical indoor air contaminants and body effluents. ASHRAE
standard 62.1-2010 recommends an indoor to outdoor differential concentration of CO2 to be no
greater than 700 parts per million (ppm) to meet comfort (odor) criteria.
Mold Samples
Total (viable and non-viable) airborne fungal (mold) spores were measured indoors and
outdoors using Zefon Air-O-Cell spore traps with a calibrated vacuum pump. Air sampling was
performed indoors and outdoors for comparison. The samples were immediately shipped for
overnight delivery and analyzed by light microscopy for viable and non-viable mold spores by
Scientific Analytical Institute, which is accredited by the American Industrial Hygiene Association
(AIHA).
Microbial testing as a part of this report included testing and analysis for some biological agents
commonly present in indoor air. It did not include testing and analysis for all known biological
agents. Testing for biological contaminants does not include viruses or bacteria, unless
specifically noted otherwise, and then only those viruses and bacteria specified.
Visual Assessment
We were asked to collect follow-up air samples for mold in 33 rooms/areas at St. James
Elementary School in Myrtle Beach, SC on February 10, 2019. Twenty-three of those rooms/
areas were previously considered to be amplified after testing was performed on January 21,
2019. Various levels of surface cleaning had been performed in these rooms following the initial
testing. HEPA scrubbers had been used in Rooms P102, P105, and P103 after surface cleaning
had been completed. We did not observe any mold or detect any musty odors in any of the 33
rooms/areas we visited on February 10, 2019, however we did notice area rugs in many of
these areas.
Environmental Parameters
A summary of the environmental parameters tested (temperature, relative humidity, and carbon
dioxide) are provided in Table I. The results of the environmental parameter testing revealed
that carbon dioxide and relative humidity was within normal limits in all 33 of the rooms/areas
visited on February 10, 2019. Temperature was below normal limits in Portable 197 and
Portable 286. It appeared that the HVAC in these rooms was not running and it was a cool day
outside. Temperature was within normal limits in all of the remaining rooms/areas visited.
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Report :Horry County Schools (St. James Elementary)
Project No. 2019049
February 13, 2019
Table I: Environmental Parameter Results – February 10, 2019
A106 616 36 70
A105 430 41 69
A107 500 34 71
A109 443 37 71
A111 495 36 70
A110 475 37 71
E100 539 32 72
E101 418 34 72
K103 443 38 72
K102 466 35 71
P111 457 43 70
P109 458 39 71
P106 448 48 68
P102 517 44 71
P107 430 42 70
P105 458 39 71
P103 448 39 71
P100 442 34 71
P117 444 38 71
M104 424 36 71
P112 437 36 71
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Report :Horry County Schools (St. James Elementary)
Project No. 2019049
February 13, 2019
P114 460 37 72
P118 462 38 71
P116 425 37 71
I110 410 38 71
I104 430 42 71
Mold Samples
We are unaware of regulatory requirements pertaining to mold associated with indoor air quality
at this time. However, there are recognized guidelines for mold remediation from the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and New York City Department of Health Bureau of
Environmental & Occupational Disease Epidemiology. Additionally, indoor air quality guidelines
have been suggested for remedial decision-making by the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA), and the American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienist
(ACGIH). Some of these guidelines focus on indoor to outdoor comparison, and an evaluation
of fungal types. The interpretation of the results normally relies upon the professional
conducting the assessment.
Air sampling was performed indoors and outdoors for comparison. Total fungal spore (non-
viable and viable fungi) concentrations were monitored. Summary results of the air samples are
provided in Table II and actual laboratory results are provided in the Appendix.
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Report :Horry County Schools (St. James Elementary)
Project No. 2019049
February 13, 2019
Table II: Mold Air Sampling Results – February 10, 2019
Ascospores (1140)
M-1 Outdoors 1680 Basidiospores (470)
Cladosporium (78)
Ascospores (1020)
Aspergillus/Penicillium-like (157)
M-2 Outdoors 2470
Basidiospores (784)
Cladosporium (431)
Ascospores (1290)
Basidiospores (744)
M-3 Outdoors 2310 Cladosporium (118)
Curvularia (78)
Myxomycete/Rust/Smut-like (39)
Ascospores (1800)
Basidiospores (1140)
Cladosporium (549)
M-4 Outdoors 4190 Curvularia (196)
Epicoccum (39)
Myxomycete/Rust/Smut-like (235)
Pithomyces (39)
Ascospores (470)
M-5 A106 1020 Basidiospores (470)
Cladosporium (78)
Ascospores (235)
M-6 A105 470 Basidiospores (157)
Cladosporium (78)
Ascospores (313)
Basidiospores (78)
M-8 A109 547
Cladosporium (78)
Pithomyces (78)
Ascospores (157)
M-9 A111 548 Basidiospores (313)
Pithomyces (78)
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Report :Horry County Schools (St. James Elementary)
Project No. 2019049
February 13, 2019
Ascospores (157)
Basidiospores (157)
M-10 A110 627 Cladosporium (157)
Myxomycete/Rust/Smut-like (78)
Pithomyces (78)
Ascospores (157)
M-11 E100 2190 Aspergillus/Penicillium-like (1960)
Basidiospores (78)
Ascospores (549)
Basidiospores (313)
M-19 P102 1250 Cladosporium (235)
Myxomycete/Rust/Smut-like (78)
Pithomyces (78)
Ascospores (78)
M-21 P105 235
Basidiospores (157)
Ascospores (157)
M-23 P103 392 Basidiospores (78)
Nigrospora (157)
Ascospores (157)
Aspergillus/Penicillium-like (313)
M-24 P100 783
Basidiospores (235)
Cladosporium (78)
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Report :Horry County Schools (St. James Elementary)
Project No. 2019049
February 13, 2019
Ascospores (78)
M-27 P112 156
Cladosporium (78)
Ascospores (78)
M-29 P118 235
Basidiospores (157)
I111 (Multipurpose
M-31 78 Cladosporium (78)
Gym)
Ascospores (78)
M-34 I104 234 Basidiospores (78)
Pithomyces (78)
Ascospores (78)
Aspergillus/Penicillium-like (235)
Basidiospores (78)
M-36 Portable 286 1020
Cladosporium (313)
Epicoccum (157)
Myxomycete/Rust/Smut-like (157)
Ascospores (313)
Aspergillus/Penicillium-like (1410)
Basidiospores (313)
M-37 Reading Room 3210 Cladosporium (940)
Myxomycete/Rust/Smut-like (78)
Nigrospora (78)
Pithomyces (78)
Abbreviations: c/m3 = total mold spore counts per cubic meter, ND= None Detected
The total mold spore counts in the following rooms/areas were below outdoor levels, and mold
types detected were similar to those found outdoors. Therefore, mold spores were not
considered amplified in the following rooms at the time of our visit on February 10, 2019: A106,
A105, A107, A109, A111, A110, E101, K103, K102, P111, Portable 220, P109, P106, P102,
P107, P105, M100 Media Center Non-Fiction, P103, P100, P117, M104, P112, P114, P118,
P116, I111 Multipurpose Gym, I110, I112, I104, Portable 197, and Portable 286.
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Report :Horry County Schools (St. James Elementary)
Project No. 2019049
February 13, 2019
The total mold spore counts in Rooms E100 and the Reading Room were below outdoors
levels, however Aspergillus/Penicillium-like mold spores were detected in these rooms at higher
levels than in the outdoor samples. Therefore, mold spores were considered amplified in Rooms
E100 and the Reading Room on the day of our visit. Although these levels are not dangerous,
they do indicate the presence of an indoor source of Aspergillus/Penicillium that needs to be
removed.
The following recommendations are provided for E100 and the Reading Room:
1. Relocate staff and students from these rooms. Although dangerous conditions ARE NOT
present in these rooms, relocating staff and students will help prevent mold spores from re-
entering the room via shoes and clothing during and after the cleaning process, and will ensure
better results.
2. Remove all area rugs and fabrics from the rooms. Remove all unnecessary cardboard boxes
and paper from the rooms.
3. Thoroughly clean and dry all of the surfaces (walls, floors, furniture, doors, shelves, desks,
chairs, etc) in these rooms with a District approved antimicrobial cleaning agent. This should
include cleaning of any HVAC supply diffusers and return vents. This cleaning should be
performed by a qualified mold remediation company.
4. Once the cleaning has been completed, replace the HVAC filters.
5. HEPA scrubbers must be used in the rooms during and after the cleaning. Please use two
HEPA scrubbers in room E100 due to the size of the room. At the conclusion of the cleaning, the
air scrubbers should run all weekend until the testing is performed on Monday.
6. Follow up air testing should be performed following the cleaning. Please ensure that the rooms
remain unoccupied until test results are received.
Because the most likely source of the amplified mold at St. James Elementary was water intrusion
from roof leaks and/or HVAC condensation on piping above the ceiling tiles in some classrooms
and accumulation of mold spores over time in area rugs in other classrooms, we are providing the
following recommendations for St. James Elementary that will prevent future accumulation of
indoor mold spores and indoor mold growth:
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Report :Horry County Schools (St. James Elementary)
Project No. 2019049
February 13, 2019
1. When stained ceiling tiles are observed by staff, they should be immediately reported. The tiles
should be removed by appropriate District personnel and corrective actions should be made if a
roof leak or HVAC condensation is observed once ceiling tiles are removed. Prompt corrective
action will prevent mold growth.
2. To reduce the accumulation of mold spores that are brought in on shoes, either discontinue the
use of all area rugs in the school or institute a cleaning schedule for these rugs. Area rugs can
harbor many allergens including, but not limited to mold spores.
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Report :Horry County Schools (St. James Elementary)
Project No. 2019049
February 13, 2019
Appendix I
Analytical Results
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SAI Method B-SOP-003
Client: Palmetto EHS Attn: Colleen Eubanks Lab Order ID: 71903705
100 Old Cherokee Rd
Analysis ID: 71903705_STA
Lexington, SC 29072
Date Received: 02/11/2019
Project: St James Elem- 2019049 Date Reported: 02/12/2019
Date Amended: 02/12/2019
Sample ID M-1 M-2 M-3 EXTERIOR
Lab Sample ID 71903705_STA_001 71903705_STA_002 71903705_STA_003 AVERAGE
Description Outdoors Outdoors Outdoors N/A
Lab Notes N/A
Volume(L) 150 150 150 N/A
Analytical Sensitivity N/A
39 39 39
(counts/m³)
Raw Concentration % Of Raw Concentration % Of Raw Concentration % Of Raw Concentration % Of
IDENTIFICATION
Count (counts/m³) Total Count (counts/m³) Total Count (counts/m³) Total Count (counts/m³) Total
Ascospores 29 1140 67.4% 26 1020 41.3% 33 1290 55.9% 34 1310 49.3%
Aspergillus/ Penicillium-like 4 157 6.35% 1 39.0 1.40%
Basidiospores 12 470. 27.9% 20 784 31.8% 19 744 32.2% 20 784 29.0%
Cladosporium 2 78.0 4.65% 11 431 17.5% 3 118 5.08% 8 294 11.6%
Curvularia 2 78.0 3.39% 2 69.0 2.90%
Epicoccum <1 10.0 N/A
Myxomycete/ Rust/ Smut-like 1 39.0 1.69% 2 69.0 2.90%
Nigrospora
Pithomyces <1 10.0 N/A
Unknown/Other 2 78.0 3.17% 1 39.0 1.69% 2 78.0 2.90%
Disclaimer: This report relates only to the samples tested and may not be reproduced, except in full, without the written approval of SAI. Unless otherwise noted blank sample correction was not performed on analytical results. Scientific Analytical Institute participates in the
AIHA EMPAT program for fungi. EMPAT Laboratory ID: 173190. Reporting Limit equals Analytical Sensitivity.
TOTAL 107 4190 100.% 13 1020 100.% 6 470. 100.% 69 2670 100.%
Non-Cellulosic Fibers - - - - - - - - - - - -
Hyphal Fragments 7 274 - 2 157 - 1 78.0 - 3 118 -
Insect Parts - - - - - - - - - - - -
Pollen 5 196 - 2 157 - 1 78.0 - 2 88.0 -
Skin Cell % of Total Debris 0-20% 40-60% 40-60% N/A
Total Debris in Background 40-60% 40-60% 40-60% N/A
Disclaimer: This report relates only to the samples tested and may not be reproduced, except in full, without the written approval of SAI. Unless otherwise noted blank sample correction was not performed on analytical results. Scientific Analytical Institute participates in the
AIHA EMPAT program for fungi. EMPAT Laboratory ID: 173190. Reporting Limit equals Analytical Sensitivity.
Disclaimer: This report relates only to the samples tested and may not be reproduced, except in full, without the written approval of SAI. Unless otherwise noted blank sample correction was not performed on analytical results. Scientific Analytical Institute participates in the
AIHA EMPAT program for fungi. EMPAT Laboratory ID: 173190. Reporting Limit equals Analytical Sensitivity.
TOTAL 8 627 100.% 28 2190 100.% <1 <78.4 N/A 69 2670 100.%
Non-Cellulosic Fibers - - - - - - - - - - - -
Hyphal Fragments 3 235 - - - - - - - 3 118 -
Insect Parts - - - - - - - - - - - -
Pollen 1 78.0 - - - - - - - 2 88.0 -
Skin Cell % of Total Debris 40-60% 20-40% 0-20% N/A
Total Debris in Background 40-60% 0-20% 0-20% N/A
Disclaimer: This report relates only to the samples tested and may not be reproduced, except in full, without the written approval of SAI. Unless otherwise noted blank sample correction was not performed on analytical results. Scientific Analytical Institute participates in the
AIHA EMPAT program for fungi. EMPAT Laboratory ID: 173190. Reporting Limit equals Analytical Sensitivity.
Disclaimer: This report relates only to the samples tested and may not be reproduced, except in full, without the written approval of SAI. Unless otherwise noted blank sample correction was not performed on analytical results. Scientific Analytical Institute participates in the
AIHA EMPAT program for fungi. EMPAT Laboratory ID: 173190. Reporting Limit equals Analytical Sensitivity.
Disclaimer: This report relates only to the samples tested and may not be reproduced, except in full, without the written approval of SAI. Unless otherwise noted blank sample correction was not performed on analytical results. Scientific Analytical Institute participates in the
AIHA EMPAT program for fungi. EMPAT Laboratory ID: 173190. Reporting Limit equals Analytical Sensitivity.
Disclaimer: This report relates only to the samples tested and may not be reproduced, except in full, without the written approval of SAI. Unless otherwise noted blank sample correction was not performed on analytical results. Scientific Analytical Institute participates in the
AIHA EMPAT program for fungi. EMPAT Laboratory ID: 173190. Reporting Limit equals Analytical Sensitivity.
TOTAL <1 <78.4 N/A 5 392 100.% 10 783 100.% 69 2670 100.%
Non-Cellulosic Fibers - - - - - - - - - - - -
Hyphal Fragments - - - 1 78.0 - - - - 3 118 -
Insect Parts - - - - - - - - - - - -
Pollen - - - - - - - - - 2 88.0 -
Skin Cell % of Total Debris 0-20% 40-60% 40-60% N/A
Total Debris in Background 0-20% 20-40% 20-40% N/A
Disclaimer: This report relates only to the samples tested and may not be reproduced, except in full, without the written approval of SAI. Unless otherwise noted blank sample correction was not performed on analytical results. Scientific Analytical Institute participates in the
AIHA EMPAT program for fungi. EMPAT Laboratory ID: 173190. Reporting Limit equals Analytical Sensitivity.
TOTAL <1 <78.4 N/A <1 <78.4 N/A 2 156 100.% 69 2670 100.%
Non-Cellulosic Fibers - - - - - - - - - - - -
Hyphal Fragments - - - - - - 3 235 - 3 118 -
Insect Parts - - - - - - - - - - - -
Pollen - - - - - - 2 157 - 2 88.0 -
Skin Cell % of Total Debris 40-60% 40-60% 40-60% N/A
Total Debris in Background 20-40% 0-20% 40-60% N/A
Disclaimer: This report relates only to the samples tested and may not be reproduced, except in full, without the written approval of SAI. Unless otherwise noted blank sample correction was not performed on analytical results. Scientific Analytical Institute participates in the
AIHA EMPAT program for fungi. EMPAT Laboratory ID: 173190. Reporting Limit equals Analytical Sensitivity.
Disclaimer: This report relates only to the samples tested and may not be reproduced, except in full, without the written approval of SAI. Unless otherwise noted blank sample correction was not performed on analytical results. Scientific Analytical Institute participates in the
AIHA EMPAT program for fungi. EMPAT Laboratory ID: 173190. Reporting Limit equals Analytical Sensitivity.
Disclaimer: This report relates only to the samples tested and may not be reproduced, except in full, without the written approval of SAI. Unless otherwise noted blank sample correction was not performed on analytical results. Scientific Analytical Institute participates in the
AIHA EMPAT program for fungi. EMPAT Laboratory ID: 173190. Reporting Limit equals Analytical Sensitivity.
TOTAL 3 234 100.% <1 <78.4 N/A 13 1020 100.% 69 2670 100.%
Non-Cellulosic Fibers - - - - - - - - - - - -
Hyphal Fragments 1 78.0 - - - - 2 157 - 3 118 -
Insect Parts - - - - - - - - - - - -
Pollen - - - - - - 1 78.0 - 2 88.0 -
Skin Cell % of Total Debris 20-40% 40-60% 40-60% N/A
Total Debris in Background 20-40% 20-40% 40-60% N/A
Disclaimer: This report relates only to the samples tested and may not be reproduced, except in full, without the written approval of SAI. Unless otherwise noted blank sample correction was not performed on analytical results. Scientific Analytical Institute participates in the
AIHA EMPAT program for fungi. EMPAT Laboratory ID: 173190. Reporting Limit equals Analytical Sensitivity.
Disclaimer: This report relates only to the samples tested and may not be reproduced, except in full, without the written approval of SAI. Unless otherwise noted blank sample correction was not performed on analytical results. Scientific Analytical Institute participates in the
AIHA EMPAT program for fungi. EMPAT Laboratory ID: 173190. Reporting Limit equals Analytical Sensitivity.