SHAKE2000: Quick Tutorial

3
2.5
SHAKE2000
Pseudo-Absolute Acceleration (g)

2
A Computer Program
1.5
for the 1-D Analysis of

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Geotechnical Earthquake
0.5
Engineering Problems
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Period (sec)
Quick Tutorial
0.025
Gustavo A. Ordóñez
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SHAKE2000 Quick Tutorial - Page No. ii
SHAKE2000
A Computer Program for the 1-D Analysis of Geotechnical
Earthquake Engineering Problems
By
GeoMotions, LLC
Copyright © 2005-2017 Gustavo A. Ordonez
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information
storage or retrieval systems, without the prior written permission of GeoMotions, LLC.
Citation: Ordonez, Gustavo A. (2017). SHAKE2000 – A Computer Program for the 1-D Analysis
of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Problems – Quick Tutorial. GeoMotions, LLC; Lacey,
Washington, United States of America.
www.geomotions.com
SHAKE2000 Quick Tutorial - Page No. iii

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SHAKE2000 Quick Tutorial - Page No. iv

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SHAKE2000 Quick Tutorial - Page No. v

SHAKE2000 Quick Tutorial - Page No. vi
SHAKE2000
A Computer Program for the 1-D Analysis of Geotechnical
Earthquake Engineering Problems
A software application that integrates
SHAKE
A Computer Program for Earthquake Response Analysis of Horizontally
Layered Sites
Per B. Schnabel, John Lysmer, H. Bolton Seed
University of California, Berkeley
and
SHAKE91
A Modified Version of SHAKE for Conducting Equivalent Linear Seismic
Response Analyses of Horizontally Layered Soil Deposits
I.M. Idriss and J.I. Sun
University of California, Davis
with
ShakEdit
A Pre and Postprocessor for SHAKE and SHAKE91
January 2017
SHAKE2000 Quick Tutorial - Page No. vii

SHAKE2000 Quick Tutorial - Page No. viii
SHAKE2000 Quick Tutorial
by:
Gustavo A. Ordonez
GeoMotions, LLC
Lacey, Washington
February 2016
Copyright  2007-2016 GeoMotions, LLC 1
Seismic Hazard Analysis
The process by which design ground motion parameters are

established for a seismic analysis.
In general, a SHA can be classified as either deterministic

(DSHA) or probabilistic (PSHA) depending on the approach
taken.
SHAKE2000 Quick Tutorial - Page No. 1

Deterministic Seismic Hazard Analysis
A DSHA involves the following basic steps:
1. Identification of all relevant sources;

2. Determination of the controlling earthquake for each
source (Magnitude, M, and Distance, R);
3. Selection of ground motion relationships and
probability level (typically Median or Median+σ);
4. Computation of the design ground motion parameter
for Median or Median+σ; and,
5. Selection of largest ground motion and corresponding
Magnitude and Distance scenario.
FHWA (1997). Geotechnical Engineering Circular #3, Design Guidance: Geotechnical Earthquake
Engineering for Highways, Volume I – Design Principles. Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department
of Transportation, Washington, DC, May 1997.
Norm Abrahamson – EERI 2009 - http://nees.unr.edu/outreach/Abrahamson_eeri2009.pdf.

Select Controlling Magnitude-Distance Scenario
R1 R2
Source 2, M2
Source 1, M1
R3
Source 3, M3

Select Controlling Magnitude-Distance Scenario
Peak Horizontal Acceleration Attenuation Curve
It appears 1
that Source 2
controls
PGA2
PGA3
PGA1
PGA (g)
0.1
M1
M3
M2
0.01
1
R2 10
R3 R1 100 1000
Distance (km)
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis
A PSHA involves the following basic steps:
1. Identification of all possible and relevant sources;

2. Determination of all possible earthquakes for each
source (Magnitude, M, and Distance, R);
3. Selection of ground motion relationships and
consideration of all possible probability levels (Median±
range of σ);
4. Computation of the design ground motion parameter
for all M, R, and Median± range of σ; and,
5. Compute rate at which each scenario ground motion
occurs; rank in decreasing order of severity of shaking;
sum up rates; and, select a summed rate for which
ground motion is equal or larger to a specified level.
6. Deaggregate to obtain most likely scenario.
Norm Abrahamson – EERI 2009 - http://nees.unr.edu/outreach/Abrahamson_eeri2009.pdf.

Deterministic Approach:
“The earthquake hazard at the site is a peak ground
acceleration of #.## g resulting from an earthquake of
magnitude #.# on the @@@@@@ Fault at a distance of
## miles from the site.”
Probabilistic Approach:
“The earthquake hazard at the site is a peak ground
acceleration of #.## g with a # percent probability of being
exceeded in a ##-year period.”
FEMA Instruction Material Complementing FEMA 451, Design Examples – Seismic Hazard Analysis 5a-4
Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Analysis using

GeoMotions Software Suite
Problem definition (research, data PSHA: SEISRISK III
collection, soils exploration, etc.) USGS Maps
Develop input data for analysis:

 SHAKE / D-MOD_2 column
Selection of earthquake ground motion:
 Material properties (G/Gmax and  vs. 
 USGS Seismic hazard data
curves, mo, k, sat, wet, Er, etc.)
 Attenuation Relationships
 Estimation of material parameters Random Generation
 Ground motion records conversion
based on field and/or laboratory data of Input Data
 Matching of response spectrum
 Creation of input file for analysis phase
 Mean Response Spectrum
 Semi-automated selection of records
Ratio of Response
Analysis results/Design data: Analysis phase (SHAKE, D-MOD_2) Spectrum Analysis
 Peak acceleration, Shear Stress
 Response spectra
 Acceleration & Shear
Stress/Strain time histories Liquefaction analysis:
 Pore Water Pressure  Soil Liquefaction
 Degradation Index (clay)  CSR based on shear stresses
 Stress-Strain loops from SHAKE or from simplified
Seed & Idriss equation SHAKE2000 Features
 CRR from SPT, BPT, Vs or CPT
D-MOD2000 Features
Displacement analysis: RspMatchEDT Features
 Newmark Method
 Makdisi & Seed SHAKE2000 & D-MOD2000
 Liquefaction-induced Earthquake induced settlement analysis:
lateral spreading Tokimatsu & Seed, Ishihara & Yoshimine,
SHAKE2000, D-MOD2000 &
 Bray & Travasarou Wu, Zhang et al.
RspMatchEDT
Graphical and/or tabular representation of results

Site-Specific
Seismic Hazard Analysis & Site Response
1. Define the subsurface conditions at the site.

2. Define the significant structures and seismogenic source
zones in the region that may affect the site.
3. Determine the peak “rock” accelerations at the site
corresponding to the different earthquake sources.
4. Develop a target response spectrum for each source
mechanism.
5. Select representative time histories of ground motion
from similar tectonic environments that would
approximately match the target response spectrum.
6. Conduct the seismic site-response analysis (i.e. evaluate
the influence of local site conditions on seismic ground
motions).
Site-Specific Seismic Hazard Analysis & Site Response
Rock Outcropping
Motion
Response Spectra
1.6
Surface Response Spectra Acceleration Time
1.4
History
Pseudo-Spectral Acceleration (g)
1.2
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Site
0
0.01 0.1 1 10
Period (sec)
Attenuation Relationship Shear Stress/Strain

(PGA – Sa, target) Time History
SHAKE
Magnitude (M),
Distance (R) Bedrock Motion

Site-Specific Analysis - Step 1
Define the subsurface conditions at the site
Sample Problem
Depth (ft) Vs (ft/sec)
573
10 Fill, Sand & Gravel
758  = 125 pcf
25
656 Silty to Fine Sand, trace organics

 = 100 pcf; 12% Fines
40
Silty Clay, Medium Stiff, PI = 35
802
 = 110 pcf; Su = 1100 psf
50
Silty to Fine Sand, trace gravel

791
 = 120 pcf; 35% Fines
65
Coarse Sand & Gravel

872
 = 125 pcf
80
2500 Halfspace -  = 145 pcf
NTS

Define the significant structures and seismogenic

source zones in the region that may affect the site
Sample Problem Location

http://earthquake.usgs.gov/hazards/qfaults/map/hazfault2014.html
Site

Sample Problem Location
Site

Deterministic
Source M Distance
(km)
Seattle Fault 7.2 53

Random Crustal 6.5 15
Southern Whidbey Island 7.4 15
Subduction-Intra-slab 7.5 70
Subduction-Interface 8.5 90

Seismic Hazard Deaggregation
http://geohazards.usgs.gov/deaggint/2008/
1. Click to change to
“latitude/longitude”

1. Enter “Marysville”
for Site Name
3. Enter “-122.17”
for Longitude
2. Enter “48.05”
for Latitude
4. Click on
“Compute”

1. Click on
“TXT”

PGA = 0.4754 g – 2% in 50 years
Deaggregation Results

1. Scroll
down
Mode: Mw 6.6 @ 15.2 km - : 1 to 2 
Individual Fault Information

1. Click on
“Tools”
2. Click on “File” then

on “Save as..”

Save USGS Hazard Matrix File
1. Switch folders until you change to
“GeoMotions\ShortCourse\SHAKE\USGS”
2. Enter
“Marysville_HM”
4. Click on
“Save”
3. Save as “Text File

(*.txt)”

1. Click to
close

Probabilistic – USGS 2% in 50 years
Frequency M Distance 
(km)
PGA:
Mode (2002) 6.2 8 1-2 
Mode (2008) 6.6 15.2 1-2 
0.2 sec:
Mode (2002) 6.2 7.9 1-2 
Mode (2008) 6.6 15.1 1-2 
1 sec:
Mode (2002) 7.2 14.8 1-2 
Mode (2008) 9.0 130.4 1-2 
Deterministic Approach:
The earthquake hazard at the site is a peak ground
acceleration of 0.55 g (Median + 1σ, average A&S NGA,
B&A NGA, C&B NGA and C&Y NGA) resulting from an
earthquake of magnitude 7.4 on the Southern Whidbey
Island Fault at a distance of 15 km from the site.
Probabilistic Approach:
The earthquake hazard at the site is a peak ground
acceleration of 0.47 g with a 2 percent probability of being
exceeded in a 50-year period. The most likely scenario
being a Magnitude 6.6 event at a distance of 15.3 km from
the site with  1 to 2 σ.

SHAKE2000
Double-click on the
SHAKE2000 icon
SHAKE2000
1. Click on the “Help”

command button

SHAKE2000 Help
1. Click to close
the help screen
SHAKE2000
Options to create or to edit

an existing database file

SHAKE2000
Options to process the

two SHAKE output files
SHAKE2000
Options to graphically
display the results from
the SHAKE analysis, and
other input information

SHAKE2000
Other analyses
and utilities
options
SHAKE2000
2. Click
on “Ok”
1. Click on “U.S. Geological

Survey Seismic Hazard” to
select it

Seismogenic Source Zones
2. Enter “10”
1. Enter “122” for minutes
for degrees
4. Enter “3” for minutes
3. Enter and press Tab
“48” for
degrees
PGA, SS and S1 with 2%
probability of exceedance
in 50 years
5. Click on “2008”
6. Click on “Open
Folder” icon

Open USGS Hazard Matrix File
“GeoMotions\ShortCourse\SHAKE\USGS”
2. Click on the
“Marysville_HM.txt”
file to select it
3. Click on
“Open”

1. Click
on “Plot”

The distance, magnitude 2. Click on

and hazard contribution “Close”
1. Click on the
are displayed symbol for the
tallest column

PSH Deaggregation - Marysville (122.170° W , 48.050° N) - USGS 2008
6%
5%
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
0 km
50 km
10
100 km
9
Epsilon Interval: AllEps
8
X: Source to Site Distance (km ) 150 km 7
Y: % Contribution to Hazard 6
200 km 5
Z: Magnitude (Mw)
PGA = .468 g for 2475 years - Mean Hazard w/all GMPEs

2. Click
on “Plot”
1. Click on down-arrow for

“Epsilon Interval” and select
“Highest Eps”

2. Click on
The distance, magnitude “Close”
and hazard contribution
are displayed
1. Click on the
symbol for the
tallest column

1. Click on
“Close”

Determine the peak “rock” accelerations at the site

corresponding to the different earthquake sources
Peak Rock Accelerations at Site

& Ground Motion Duration
2. Click
on “Ok”
1. Click on “Ground
Motion Prediction
Equations” to select it

Information on Faults and Attenuation Relations
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1128/
Attenuation Relations
for crustal faults in PNW
Information on Faults and Attenuation Relations

http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1128/
Fault Information

Peak Rock Acceleration at Site
2. Enter “6.6”
for Magnitude
3. Enter
“60” for Dip
5. Click on
“M+1 Sigma”
4. Enter “17”
for Width
1. Click on “BA08 NGA”,

“CB08 NGA” and “CY08 NGA”
3. Click on
“Rjb”
1. Click on
“Reverse”
2. Click on
“Hanging Wall”

Vertical Faults – Distance Measures

(Abrahamson & Shedlock, 1997)
rjb
rjb = closest horizontal distance to the
rrup vertical projection of the rupture, e.g. Boore
et al. (1997)
Seismogenic
depth rseis rrup = closest distance to the rupture
surface, e.g. Abrahamson & Silva (1997)
rseis = closest distance to the seismogenic
rhypo rupture surface, e.g. Campbell (1997)
Hypocenter
rhypo = hypocentral distance, Atkinson
& Boore (1997)
Seismogenic depth is the depth to the top
orogenic part of the crust.
Abrahamson, N.A. and Shedlock, K.M. (1997). Overview. Seismological Research Letters, Volume
68, No. 1, January/February 1997.
NGA - Fault Geometry and Distance Measures

(NGA Models Version 2 - Excel Spreadsheet)

NGA - Fault Geometry and Distance Measures
(Kaklamanos et al., 2011)
Short Course Example Fault Geometry
Rjb = 0
Rrup
Ztor Rrup
Dip = 60°
Rrup
NTS

2. Click
on “Ok”
1. Click on
“Rjb - Rx”
1. Click on
“Plot”

Median + 1 Sigma PGA

at Rrup of 15 km 2. Click on
“Close”
1. Click on
symbol for
15 km
Develop a target response spectrum for each source

mechanism

Develop Target Response Spectrum
2. Enter
“8.5” for rjb
1. Enter “15.2” 3. Enter “17”

for distance for Rx

2. Click on “GM”
for GeoMean
1. Click
on “PSA”
3. Click on “Save 4. Click on open

Attenuation Data” folder icon

Save Target Response Spectrum
(*.txt & *.csv files)
“GeoMotions\ShortCourse\SHAKE\Quakes”
2. Click on the “attenuate.txt”

file to select it
4. Click
on “Yes”
3. Click on
“Save”
1. Click
on “Plot”

1. Click on
“Close”
1. Click on
“Return”

Select representative time histories of ground motion

from similar tectonic environments that would
approximately match the target response spectrum
Selection of Acceleration Time Histories
Using attenuation relationships, obtain a target, rock

acceleration response spectrum for each seismic event.
Select 7-10 acceleration time histories that approximate
characteristics of target spectrum.
Bommer, Julian J. and Ana Beatriz Acevedo (2004). The

Use of Real Earthquake Accelerograms as Input to Dynamic
Analysis. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, Volume 8,
Special Issue 1, pp. 43-91.
http://www.roseschool.it/docs/Dissertation2003-Acevedo.pdf

Rock Motions for Input to Site Response Analyses
Deterministic
1. Identify governing seismic sources and assign M and

estimate R for each key scenario.
2. Find group of recorded “rock” motions from similar

tectonic environment, fault type, magnitude & distance
for each key scenario.
3. Check PGA, of these recorded “rock” motions against

estimated values for each key scenario based on
appropriate M and R, and keep those records that are
reasonable.
Bray, J. (2006). UC Berkeley Class Notes
Rock Motions for Input to Site Response Analyses

Deterministic
4. Plot acceleration response spectrum for each record

and compare to Target Acceleration Response
Spectrum for that scenario.
5. If necessary, adjust recorded acceleration-time

histories by multiplying each acceleration value by a
constant to achieve a better comparison with the
Target Spectrum; note that average of spectra should
“match” target not each one individually.
6. Optimally, select design suite of 3 to 7 acceleration-

time histories for project that best captures the likely
range of “rock” ground motions for the key scenarios.
Check velocity and displacement-time histories as well.
Bray, J. (2006). UC Berkeley Class Notes

http://ngawest2.berkeley.edu/
1. Click on
“NGA West 2”

1. Enter your Email

myemail@myserver.com
and Password
2. Click on
“Sign in”

1. Select “User
Defined Spectrum”

1. Click on
“Upload File”

1. Click on
“Browse”
Upload Target Response Spectrum

2. Click on the
“attenuate.csv”
file to select it
3. Click on
“Open”

1. Click on
“Upload”

1. Scroll
down
2. Click on
“Submit”

1. Scroll
down
2. Click on
“Search Records”

2. Select “Normal+Reverse”
3. Enter “6.1,7.1” for Magnitude
4. Enter “5.5,28.5” for R_JB
5. Enter “5.2,25.2” for R_rup
1. Scroll
down

4. Select “Minimize MSE”
1. Enter “360,1500” for Vs30
2. Select “NO Pulse-like Records”
3. Enter “10” for Max No. Records
5. Click on “Search Records”

myemail@myserver.com 1. Scroll
down
2. Click on “Download
Search Results”

2. Enter “PEERrecords”
for File name
3. Click on
“Save”

1. Click on “Download
Time Series Records”
2. Click on
“OK”

1. Click on
“OK”
Save PEER Search Results

(PEER ACC files)
2. Click on
“Save”

1. Scroll up
2. Click on
“Sign_out”
Save PEER Results

(Excel CSV file)
PEER Scale Factor

Number

2. Click
on “Ok”
1. Click on “Object Motion

- Scaling” to select it
2.5
Pseudo-Absolute Acceleration (g's)
2.0
From the catalog of recorded
ground motion records available,
1.5
select and scale a design suite of
3 to 7 acceleration-time histories
1.0 to fit the target response
spectrum.
0.5
Tl Tu
0.0
0.01 0.1 1 10
Period (sec)

2.5
2.0
Selection of motions can be
done through extensive trials of
combinations by hand; or, by
Pseudo-Absolute Acceleration (g's)

2.0
1.5
using a semi-automated process
(Rathje & Kottke, 2007). 1.5
1.0
“…. judgment and experience 1.0
cannot be captured in an
algorithm.” (Kottke & Rathje,
0.5
0.5
2008).
Tl Tu
0.0
0.01 0.1 1 10
Period (sec)
Ellen M. Rathje and Albert R. Kottke (2007). Procedures for Selection and Scaling of Earthquake Motions for Dynamic Response Analysis. U.S.-
Italy Seismic Bridge Workshop, European Center for Training and Research in Earthquake Engineering (EUCENTRE), Pavia, Italy. April 19-20,
2007.
Albert Kottke and Ellen M. Rathje (2008). A Semi-Automated Procedure for Selection and Scaling of Recorded Earthquake Motions for Dynamic
Analysis. Submitted for Publication in Earthquake Spectra.
Modify a ground motion to match the target spectrum

RspMatch, RspMatch2005
1.5 1.5
Spectral Acceleration (g)
1.0 1.0
0.5 0.5
0.0 0.0
0.01 0.1 1 10 0.01 0.1 1 10
Period (sec) Period (sec)

Modify Ground Motion to Match a Target Response Spectrum
Deconvolution/convolution using 1.5
these spectrally matched

motions with SHAKE … yielded
questionable results … the

modified motion had long 1.0
period spectral accelerations

that were excessive. (Bartlett,
2004). 0.5
…. spectrally matching “flat

topped” building code spectrum
… and subsequently using it in
the ground response analysis
0.0
0.01 0.1 1 10
may produce unreasonable Period (sec)
results. (Bartlett, 2004).

Steven F. Bartlett (2004). Ground Response Analyses and Design Spectra for UDOT Bridges on Soft Soil Sites. Utah
Department of Transportation, Research Division Report, January 8, 2004, 195 p.
1. Click on
“Scale”

1. Click on
“Other”
4. Click on
“Ok”
3. Select
group of 6
AT2 files
1. Switch to
2. Select “PEER
AT2 Files”
folder

1. Click on
“Other”
4. Click on
“Ok”
2. Select
group of 6
AT2 files
1. Scroll down

1. Use “Other” to load

the other 8 AT2 files
2. Scroll
Down
RSN1011_NORTHR_WON095.AT2
RSN1011_NORTHR_WON185.AT2
RSN2623_CHICHI.03_TCU072E.AT2
RSN2623_CHICHI.03_TCU072N.AT2
RSN3979_SANSIMEO_37737090.AT2
RSN3979_SANSIMEO_37737360.AT2
RSN4229_NIIGATA_NIGH12EW.AT2
RSN4229_NIIGATA_NIGH12NS.AT2
RSN4873_CHUETSU_65056EW.AT2
RSN4873_CHUETSU_65056NS.AT2
RSN5478_IWATE_AKT023EW.AT2
RSN5478_IWATE_AKT023NS.AT2
RSN72_SFERN_L04111.AT2
RSN72_SFERN_L04201.AT2
RSN763_LOMAP_GIL067.AT2
RSN763_LOMAP_GIL337.AT2
RSN769_LOMAP_G06000.AT2
RSN769_LOMAP_G06090.AT2
RSN957_NORTHR_HOW060.AT2
RSN957_NORTHR_HOW330.AT2

2. Click on
“Target”
1. Click on
“User’s”
Select Target Response Spectrum
1. Click on
“Open”

Open Target Response Spectrum File

2. Click on the “attenuate.tgt”

file to select it
3. Click on
“Open”
Select Target Response Spectrum
1. Click on
“Ok”

Compare to Target Response Spectrum
1. Click on open folder icon to

open log file from PEER search
Open PEER Search Results File

2. Select the
“PEERrecords.csv” file
3. Click on
“Open”

2. Click on
“Scale”
1. Click on “Geometric
Mean” to select it

2. Click
on “Plot”
1. Click
on “Ok”

Compare Median to Target Response Spectrum
2. Click on
“Close”
1. Click on
“None”
Ratio  1.47

2. Click on
“Scale”
1. Enter “1.47”,
press Tab

2. Click
on “Plot”
1. Click
on “Ok”

Compare Median to Target Response Spectrum
2. Click on
“Close”
1. Click on
“None”

Save Chosen Motions to SHAKE2000 EDT File
1. Click on
“Export”

“GeoMotions\ShortCourse\SHAKE”
2. Enter “ShortCourse.edt”
in File name
3. Click on
“Save”

1. Click
on “Ok”
1. Click on
“Close”

1. Click on
“Close”
Use SHAKE to conduct the site-response analysis

Site Specific Response Analysis
2. Click on
“Get File”
1. Click on
“Edit Existing
EDT File”
Open Existing SHAKE2000 EDT File

2. Select the
“ShortCourse.edt” file
3. Click on
“Open”

1. Click
on “Ok”

Create SHAKE Options
Options
included in
EDT File
Options
included in
Input File

SHAKE Options
Option Input Analysis Description

1 x Dynamic Soil Properties
2 x Soil Profile
3 x Input (Object) Motion
4 x Assignment of Object Motion
5 x No. Iterations & Strain Ratio
6 x PGA & Time Histories
7 x Stress & Strain Time Histories
9 x Response Spectra
10 x Amplification Spectra
11 x Fourier Spectra

SHAKE Column Options 1.6
1.4
Surface Response Spectra
1.2
0.8
0.6
0.4
Ground Level
0.2
0
0.01 0.1 1 10
Period (sec)
Soil Layer 1 Option 6

Option 9
Soil Layer 2
Soil Layer 3
Option 7
Soil Type, H, ,
G / Gmax
total, Gmax or Vs
G
1
( 1 )
sec
G
3
( 3 ) Option 10
Option 1 Option 2
G ( 2 )
2
eff2 eff1
 (%)
Soil Layer n-1
Option 5
Soil Layer n
Halfspace Layer
Option 4
Option 11
Option 3

EDT and Input Data Files
 An EDT file is a database file that stores the data for the
different SHAKE options. These options are used by
SHAKE2000 to create an input file.
 A maximum of 32,000 options can be saved in the EDT file.
 The options are saved sequentially.
 Files used in SHAKE91 can be read as EDT files.
 Listing of options used in the input file are saved in the EDT
file.
 The input file stores the different options that will be executed
by SHAKE.
SHAKE2000 EDT & Input Files
EDT File Input File

Option 1 – G/Gmax & Damping vs. Strain Option 1 – G/Gmax & Damping vs. Strain
Option 2 – Column No. 1 Option 2 – Column No. 1
Option 2 – Column No. 3 Option 3 – Input Motion: LomaPrieta.eq
Option 4 – Column No. 1 - Layer 21
Option 3 – Input Motion: LomaPrieta.eq
Option 5 – Iterations: 10 – Ratio: 0.65
Option 3 – Input Motion: ChiChi.eq
Option 6 – Layers 1-15 – Column 1
Option 4 – Column No. 1 - Layer 21 Option 6 – Layers 16-21 – Column 1
Option 4 – Column No. 3 – Layer 13 Option 7 – Layer 4 – Column 1
Option 5 – Iterations: 10 – Ratio: 0.65 Option 9 – Surface – 5% Damping
Option 6 – Layers 1-15 – Column 1 Option 10 – Layers 21-1 – Column 1
Option 7 – Layer 4 – Column 1
Option 9 – Surface – 5% Damping

SHAKE2000 EDT & Input Files
EDT File Input File

Option 1 – G/Gmax & Damping vs. Strain Option 1 – G/Gmax & Damping vs. Strain
Option 2 – Column No. 1 Analysis No. 1 Option 2 – Column No. 1
Option 2 – Column No. 3 Option 3 – Input Motion: LomaPrieta.eq
Option 3 – Input Motion: LomaPrieta.eq
Option 3 –
Input Motion: ChiChi.eq
Option 4 –
Column No. 1 - Layer 21 Option 6 – Layers 16-21 – Column 1
Option 4 –
Column No. 3 – Layer 13 Option 7 – Layer 4 – Column 1
Option 5 –
Iterations: 10 – Ratio: 0.65 Option 9 – Surface – 5% Damping
Option 6 –
Layers 1-15 – Column 1 Option 10 – Layers 21-1 – Column 1
Option 6 –
Layers 16-21 – Column 1 Option 11 – Layers 21-1 – Column 1
Option 6 –
Layers 1-13 – Column 3 Option 2 – Column No. 1
Analysis No. 2 Option 3 – Input Motion: ChiChi.eq
Option 9 – Surface – 5% Damping Option 6 – Layers 1-15 – Column 1
Option 10 – Layers 13-1 – Column 3 Option 7 – Layer 4 – Column 1
Option 11 – Layers 21-1 – Column 1 Option 9 – Surface – 5% Damping
SHAKE Analyses
Peak Acceleration (g) Column No. 1 - Layer 1

Analysis No. 1
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.5
0 Analysis No. 1 - Profile
Analysis No. 1 - Profile
No. 1 No. 1 - PSA for 5%
damping - SHAKE
Analysis No. 3 - Profile

-20 Analysis No. 3 - Profile
No. 1 - PSA for 5%

No. 1
damping - SHAKE
1.0
Average PSA for 5%
Depth (ft)
Average damping - SHAKE

-40
-60
0.5
-80
0.0
-100 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
Column No. 1 Period (sec)

Analysis No. 2

1. Click on
“Save”

Create EDT & Input Files

2. Enter “ShortCourse”
in File name
3. Click on
“Save”

2. Click on
“Yes”
1. Click on
“Save”

2. Click
on “Edit”
1. Click on
“Option 1” to
select it

SHAKE Column Option 1
Soil Type 1: SAND

1.0
Shear Modulus Reduction Curves
Ground Level
0.8
Layer No. 1
Modulus Reduction (G/Gmax)
Layer No. 2
0.6
0.4
Layer No. 3
Soil Type j: CLAY
0.2
Soil Stratum 2
1.0
0.0
0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
Shear Strain (% )
0.8

Layer No. i 0.6
0.4
Option 1 assigns a Layer No. i+1 0.2
soil type and 0.0
corresponding
0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1
Shear Strain (% )
dynamic material
Soil Type n: ROCK
properties to each
Soil Stratum
1.0
Soil Stratum n 0.8

0.6
Half-Space Layer 0.4
0.2
0.0
0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1
Shear Strain (% )

Create Input Data - Option 1: Dynamic Material Properties
1. Click on
“MAT”

3. Click
on “Add”
1. Scroll down
2. Click on “Sand
Upper…”

Mat. Description
2 EPRI 21-50' G/Gmax Deep Cohesionless Soils -
Depth 21-50 feet (6-15 meters) (EPRI, 1993)
3 Soil PI=30 G/Gmax - Soil with PI=30, OCR=1-15

(Vucetic & Dobry, JGE 1/91)
4 EPRI 51-120' G/Gmax Deep Cohesionless Soils -

5 EPRI Rock 3 G/Gmax for Rock - 51 to 120 feet

(EPRI, 1993)

4. Click
on “Add”
1. Click on
“Damping”
3. Select “Sand
Lower..” 2. Scroll down

Mat. Description
2 EPRI 21-50' Damping Deep Cohesionless Soils -
3 Soil PI=30 Damping - Soil with PI=30, OCR=1-8

(Vucetic & Dobry, JGE 1/91)
4 EPRI 51-120' Damping Deep Cohesionless Soils -

5 EPRI Rock 3 Damping for Rock - 51 to 120 feet

(EPRI, 1993)

1. Click on
“Return”

1. Click on
“Yes”

2. Click on
“Model”
1. Click on down
arrow and select
1.Material
Click onNo. 3
down
arrow and select
Material No. 3

4. Click on
“Plot”
1. Enter
“1.25” for σ’o
2. Enter
“35” for PI
3. Enter “15”
for OCR

1. Click on
“Close”
Click on symbol to
select/deselect points

2. Click on
“Plot”
1. Click on
“Damping”

1. Click on
“Close”

1. Click on
“OK”

2. Click on
“Damping”
1. Enter “Clay PI=35”

for Material Name

2. Click on
“Return”
1. Enter “Clay PI=35”

for Material Name

Consider Uncertainty
1.6
1.34
1.4

1.2
0.8
0.6
0.4 0.59
0.2
0
0.01 0.1 1 10
Period (sec)

Create Input Data
2. Click
on “Edit”
1. Select “Option 2 –
Soil Profile Set No.1”

Ground Level
Soil Layer 1
Soil Layer 2
Soil Layer 3
Soil Type, Thickness

(H), , , Gmax or Vs
Option 1 Option 2
Soil Layer n-1
Soil Layer n
Half-Space Layer

Create Input Data – Option 2: Soil Profile
1. Enter “Option 2 –
Col 1 - Short Course”
2. Enter “Col 1 – Short

Course” in Identification
5. Enter “573”
in Shear Wave
3. Enter “10” 4. Enter “0.125”

in Thickness for Unit Weight

Create Input Data File – Option 2: Soil Profile
Layer Soil Thickness Damping Unit VS

No. Type Weight
2 1 15 0.05 0.125 758

3 2 15 0.05 0.100 656
4 3 10 0.05 0.110 802
5 4 15 0.05 0.120 791
6 4 15 0.05 0.125 872
7 5 0.02 0.145 2500

1. Click on
“Layers”
2. Click
on “Yes”

SHAKE Column – Maximum Layer Thickness
Response Spectra at Surface

0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
10 ft
20 ft
0.40
25 ft
0.30 50 ft
100 ft
0.20 300 ft
0.10
0.00
0.10 1.00 10.00
Period (sec)

4. Click on
“Return”
2. Enter “25”
in CSR GWT
3. Click on “Create
1. Scroll
Option 6”
down
Halfspace Layer

Consider Uncertainty
Atkinson & Boore (2003) - Cascadia - Intraslab - Rock - D: 22.5 km - M: 8.5
1 Shear Modulus Reduction Curves Vs

Mn+Sigma
1.0
Gravel (+SD)G/Gmax - Gravel
(+SD) - Rollins et al. JGGE, V.
124, No. 5, 5/98
Peak Horizontal Acceleration (g)
Mn
0.8 Gravel mean G/Gmax - Gravel

(Mean) - Rollins et al. JGGE,
0.1 V. 124, No. 5, 5/98
Depth to halfspace ?
Layer thickness ?
Mn-Sigma Gravel (-SD)G/Gmax - Gravel
0.6 (-SD) - Rollins et al. JGGE, V.
124, No. 5, 5/98
0.4
0.01
0.2
0.001 0.0
10 100 1000 0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1
Distance (km) Shear Strain (% )

Create Input Data
2. Click
on “Edit”
1. Select “Option 3 – Motion:

R.WON095_FN….”

Ground Level
Soil Layer 1
Soil Layer 2
Soil Layer 3
Soil Type, H,
, , Gmax or Vs
Option 1 Option 2
Soil Layer n-1
Soil Layer n
Half-Space Layer
Option 3

Create Input Data – Option 3: Input Motion
1. Click on
“Plot”
Quiet zone:
>= 10% difference
Either multiplication
factor or maximum
acceleration

Create Input Data – Check Input Motion
1. Click on
“Close”

Create Input Data – Option 3: Input Motion
1. Click on
“Return”

Create Input Data
3. Click
on “Edit”
1. Scroll down
Assignment of Object…”

Ground Level
0 = Object motion is assigned as outcropping motion
Soil Layer 1 1 = Object motion is applied within the soil profile
Soil Layer 2 0
Soil Layer 3
Soil Type, H,
Option 2
Option 1 1
Soil Layer n-1
Soil Layer n
Half-Space Layer
Option 3
Option 4

Create Input Data – Option 4: Assignment of Object Motion
1. Enter “Option 4 – Motion on

Layer 14 – Outcrop”
3. Click on
“Return”
0 = Outcrop
2. Enter “14”
1 = Within
for No. of
Sublayer
Where is the Halfspace Layer?
Halfspace: A mathematical model

bounded by a planar surface but
otherwise infinite. Properties within
the model are commonly assumed to
be homogeneous and isotropic, unlike
the Earth itself, which is heterogeneous
and anisotropic. (Seismologist’s Dictionary
at http://www.uwm.edu/Dept/Geosciences)
Soft rock  VS >= 2,500 ft/sec ?
A halfspace implies that VS does not

increase with depth.

Create Input Data
3. Click
on “Edit”
1. Scroll down
Number of Iterations…”

Ground Level
Soil Layer 1
Soil Layer 2
Soil Layer 3
G / Gmax
G
1
( 1 )
sec
Soil Type, H,
G ( 3 )
3
G ( 2 )
2
eff2 eff1
 (%)
Option 1 Option 2
Option 5
Soil Layer n-1
Soil Layer n
Half-Space Layer
Option 3
Option 4

Create Input Data – Option 5: No. Iterations & Strain Ratio
1. Enter “Option 5 – No. Iterations: 10

– Strain Ratio: 0.56 – Mw: 6.6” 3. Click on
“Return”
2. Enter “0.56”
for Strain Ratio
Iterations - Equivalent Linear Analysis
Ganalysis = Gmax * Modulus Reduction  Gmax * 1 = GMR,1  max,1  eff,1 = (reff ) max,1
GMR,1 1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
GMR,9
0.2
GMR,10
GMR,2
0.0
max,1
eff,8
eff,1
eff,9
0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
Shear Strain (%)
SHAKE will use GMR,10 for the Ground Response Analysis

SHAKE Analysis
• Equivalent loading  50% - 70% (Kramer, 1996).

• Equivalent loading  40% - 75% (Idriss & Sun, 1992)
ratio = (M – 1) / 10 where M = earthquake magnitude
• Carlton (2015) indicates that using 0.65 gives a 2-10%

better fit than using (M-1) /10
Kramer, S.L. (1996). Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 653 pp.
Idriss, I.M. and Joseph I. Sun (1992). User’s Manual for SHAKE91, A Computer Program for Conducting Equivalent Linear Seismic
Response Analyses of Horizontally Layered Soil Deposits. Center for Geotechnical Modeling, Department of Civil & Environmental
Engineering, University of California, Davis, California.
Carlton, Brian (2015). Ground Motion Parameter Sensitivity to Shear Strain Ratio in Equivalent Linear Analyses.
Earthquake Spectra In-Press. http://earthquakespectra.org/doi/abs/10.1193/031815EQS045T

Create Input Data
3. Click
on “Edit”
1. Scroll down
Column 1 – Short …”

Ground Level
Soil Layer 2
Soil Layer 3
G / Gmax
G
1
( 1 )
sec
Soil Type, H,
, , Gmax or Vs G
3
( 3 )
G ( 2 )
2
eff2 eff1
 (%)
Option 1 Option 2
Option 5
Soil Layer n-1
Soil Layer n
Half-Space Layer
Option 3
Option 4
Sample Problem – SHAKE Columns

Acceleration Time Histories for Newmark Analysis
Column No. 1 Column No. 2
1 1
2 2
Acceleration Time 3 3
Histories for Column No. 3
Newmark Analysis 4 4 1
5 5 2
6 6 3
7 7 4
8 8 5
9 9 6
10 10 7
11 11 8
12 12 9
13 13 10
14 14 11

Create Input Data – Option 6: Acceleration Time Histories
4. Click on “HEA
– Option 7”
2. Enter “14”
for Layer
3. Enter “0”
for Type
1. Enter “1” for Output

mode… for Layers 1, 2 & 4

1. Click on
“Return”
Input motion
“within”
Input motion
“outcrop”

Create Input Data
3. Click
on “Edit”
1. Scroll down
2. Select “Option 7 – Stress

& Strain …”

Ground Level
Option 6
Soil Layer 1
Soil Layer 2
Option 7
Soil Layer 3
G / Gmax
G
1
( 1 )
sec
Soil Type, H,
G ( 3 )
3
G ( 2 )
2
eff2 eff1
 (%)
Option 1 Option 2
Option 5
Soil Layer n-1
Soil Layer n
Half-Space Layer
Option 3
Option 4

Create Input Data – Option 7: Shear Strain & Shear Stress
1. Click on
“Return”

Create Input Data
3. Click
on “Edit”
1. Scroll down
2. Click on “Option 9 – Response

Spectrum Set No. 1” to select it

1.6
1.4

1.2
0.8
0.6
0.4
Ground Level
0.2
0
0.01 0.1 1 10
Period (sec)
Option 6
Soil Layer 1
Option 9
Soil Layer 2
Option 7
Soil Layer 3
G / Gmax
G
1
( 1 )
sec
Soil Type, H,
3
( 3 )
G ( 2 )
2
eff2 eff1
 (%)
Option 1 Option 2
Option 5
Soil Layer n-1
Soil Layer n
Half-Space Layer
Option 3
Option 4

Create Input Data – Option 9: Response Spectrum
1. Enter “Option 9 – Response

Spectrum at Surface” 2. Click on
“Return”

Create Input Data
3. Click
on “Edit”
1. Scroll down
2. Click on “Option 10 – Amplification


SHAKE Column Option 10 Surface Response Spectra
1.6
1.4
1.2
0.8
0.6
0.4
Ground Level 0.2
0
0.01 0.1 1 10
Option 6 Period (sec)
Soil Layer 1
Option 9
Soil Layer 2
Option 7
Soil Layer 3
G / Gmax
G
1
( 1 )
sec
Soil Type, H,
G ( 3 )
3
G ( 2 )
2
eff2 eff1
 (%)
Option 10
Option 1 Option 2
Option 5
Soil Layer n-1
Soil Layer n
Half-Space Layer
Option 3
Option 4

Create Input Data – Option 10: Amplification Spectrum
1. Enter “Option 10 – Amplification 4. Click on

Spectrum – Layers 14-1” “Return”
2. Enter “14” 3. Enter

in First Layer “Amplification
Layers 14-1”

Create Input Data
3. Click
on “Edit”
1. Scroll down
2. Click on “Option11 – Fourier


1.6
1.4

1.2
0.8
0.6
0.4
Ground Level
0.2
0
0.01 0.1 1 10
Period (sec)
Option 6
Soil Layer 2
Option 7
Soil Layer 3
G / Gmax
G
1
( 1 )
sec
Soil Type, H,
3
( 3 )
G ( 2 )
2
eff2 eff1 Option 10

 (%)
Option 1 Option 2
Option 5
Soil Layer n-1
Soil Layer n
Half-Space Layer
Option 3
Option 4
Option 11

Create Input Data – Option 11: Fourier Spectrum
1. Enter “Option 11 – Fourier 3. Click on

Spectrum at Layers 1 & 14” “Return”
2. Enter “14” in
second cell of
Sublayer Number

Add Options to Create Input File
2. Click on
“Clear”
3. Click
on “Yes”
1. Click on any option

on the input list

2. Click
on “Add”
1. Click on “Option 1 – Dynamic

Soil Properties…” to select it
Option 1 of Analysis 1 has been added

to the list of options in input file

Select Option 2, FIRST set of Option 3,

and each set of Options 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10,
and 11 and Click on “Add” each time to
include them in the input file

Define Input Options for Multiple Analyses
3. Click
on “Add”
2. Select any of
the Option 3 sets
1. Click on “Repeat
4. Click input list for each set of
on “Yes” an option” to select it

1. Scroll down
20 analyses in series, i.e., an analysis

for each input ground motion

Rename SHAKE’s Output Files and Plot Files
1. Enter “Short_1.out”
for Output File No. 1
2. Enter “Short_2.out”
3. Enter “Short” for

Name of Plot Files
4. Enter “Column 1”
for Input Set
Description
5. Click on the open

folder icon to change
path of output folder

Change Path of Output Folder
2. Click
on “Ok”
1. Switch folders by double-clicking

and select

Execute SHAKE
2. Click on
“SHAKE”
Excel *.CSV Files”

Execute SHAKE

Process SHAKE’s Output Files
1. Click on
“Process”
2. Click
on “Ok”

SHAKE2000 Output Files
Main output
files created by
SHAKE

SHAKE2000 Output Files - Nomenclature
AHL : Acceleration History Layer

Short : Name of plot files
L2 : Layer 2
A20 : Analysis 20; twentieth analysis
D1 : Soil Profile No. “1” in Option 2
135 : Position of history in Short_2.out
Col 1 : ID for soil profile in Option 2
R_HOW330 : ID of input ground motion in Option 3

Output Files Generated by SHAKE2000 – Text Files

Output Files Generated by SHAKE2000 – Excel CSV Files

Most Common Error when Processing Output Files

Most Common Error when Processing Output Files
1.0
EPRI 21-50' G/Gmax

Deep Cohesionless
Soils - Depth 21-50 feet
0.8 (6-15 meters) (EPRI,
1993)
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
Shear Strain (%)
Computed uniform strain greater than

maximum value of strain on G/Gmax or
Damping vs strain curve in Option 1

Display Results
2. Click on
“Display”
1. Click on “Display Results of

First Output File” to select it

Display Results
1. Click on
“Print”
Soil Column Period
Strain-compatible VS

Display Results
2. Click on
“Close”
1. Select a
zoom factor

Display Results
1. Click on 2. Click on
“Next” “Return”

Plot Results
2. Click
on “Plot”
1. Click on “Peak
Acceleration, CSR, Shear
Stress” to select it

Plot Results
1. Click on
“Clover” icon

Change Graph Properties
1. Click on down-
arrow and select
a different color
2. Click
on “Ok”

Plot Results
1. Click on
“Graph”

Plot Results
2. Click on
“Mean”
1. Click on “Peak
Acceleration” to
select it

Plot Results
1. Click
on “All”
3. Click
on “Ok”
2. Click on “Plot average curve plus

above selected curves” to select it

Plot Results
1. Click on
“Yes”

Plot Results
2. Click on
Coordinates are
“Graph”
shown on text boxes
1. Click on symbol to
obtain coordinates
Input motion mean Input motion mean

“within” PGA “outcrop” PGA

Plot Results
2. Click on
“Mean”
1. Click on “Maximum
Shear Strain”

Plot Results
1. Click
on “All”
3. Click
on “Ok”


Plot Results
1. Click
on “No”

Plot Results
1. Click on
2. Click on
“Profile”
“Close”

Plot Results
2. Click
on “Plot”
1. Click on “Response
Spectrum” to select it

Plot Results
1. Click on
“Graph”

Plot Results
3. Click on
“Mean”
1. Click on
“Response 2. Click on
Spectrum for “Pseudo-Absolute
5% damping” Acceleration”

Plot Results
3. Click 1. Click
on “Ok” on “All”


Plot Results
1. Click on
“Yes”

Plot Results
1. Click on
“Close”

Comparison of SHAKE Results & NGA-West GMPE Spectra
Soil column period

Comparison of SHAKE Results & NGA-West2 GMPE Spectra
Soil column period

Input Data for Column No. 3
3. Scroll UP
4. Select “Option 2”
and right-click
1. Click on “Create Excel

*.CSV Files” to deselect it
2. Click on
“Repeat Input
…” to deselect it

1. Click on
“Yes”

2. Click
on “Edit”
1. Click on
second set of
Option 2

Create Input Data – Option 2: Soil Profile for Column No. 3
Col 3 - Short Course”
2. Enter “Col 3 – Short
Course” in Identification
3. Place cursor
on “Soil Type”
cell for layer 1

Create Input Data – Option 2: Soil Profile for Column No. 3
2. Enter “7.5”
1. Click “Remove”
in CSR GWT 4. Click
three times to delete “Return”
top 3 layers
Option 6”

3. Click
on “Edit”
1. Scroll down
2. Select “Option
6 – Col 3 …”

Column No. 3
6. Click
“Return”
5. Click on “HEA
Option 7”
4. Enter “2” for

Type of Layer 6
2. Enter “11”
for Layer
3. Enter “0”
for Type
1. Enter “1” for Output

mode… for Layers 1, 2 and 6

3. Click
on “Edit”
1. Scroll down
2. Select set No. 3 of

“Option 7 – Stress & …”

Create Input Data – Option 7: Shear Strain & Shear Stress
Column No. 3
Stress & Strain
Layer 2 – Col 3”
4. Click
“Return”
2. Enter “Stress 3. Enter “Strain

Layer 2 Col 3” Layer 2 Col 3”

2. Click
“New”
1. Change information
for Option 7 sets of Col
1 and Col 3

2. Click
“Choose”
1. Click on
“Option 4”

1. Double-click on second
set of Option 4 to edit it

Create Input Data – Option 4: Assignment of Object Motion
Column No. 3
1. Enter “Option 4 – Motion on

Layer 11 – Col 3 – Outcrop”
3. Click on
“Return”
0 = Outcrop
2. Enter “11”
1 = Within
for No. of
Sublayer

Create List of Input Options
2. Click on
“Clear”
1. Click on any of the options

on the list of input options

Create List of Input Motions
1. Click
on “No”

1. Enter “Columns 1 & 3”

for Input Set Description

List of Input Options for Analyses of Columns 1 & 3
Add the following options to input file list:
Option Description
No.
1 Option 1 – Dynamic Soil Properties Set No. 1
2 Option 2 – Col 1 – Short Course
4 Option 3 – Motion: R_WON095 – Scaling Factor: 3.0035
24 Option 4 – Motion on Layer 14 - Outcrop
26 Option 5 – No. of Iterations: 10 – Strain Ration: 0.56 – Mw
27 Option 6 – Col 1 – Short Course – Layers 1 to 14
29 Option 7 – Stress & Strain Layer 2 – Col 1
33 Option 9 – Response Spectrum at Surface
34 Option 10 – Amplification Spectrum – Layers 14-1
35 Option 11 – Fourier Spectrum at Layers 1 & 14
Continues on next slide …………

List of Input Options for Analyses of Columns 1 & 3
……. Continues from previous slide:
Option Description
No.
4 Option 3 – Motion: R_WON095 – Scaling Factor: 3.0035
25 Option 4 – Motion on Layer 11 – Col 3 - Outcrop

3. Click
on “Add”
2. Select any of
the Option 3 sets
1. Click on “Repeat
4. Click input list for each set of
on “Yes” an option” to select it

Save SHAKE EDT & Input Files
2. Click on
“Save”
1. Scroll down
40 analyses in series, i.e., an analysis for

each soil column and input ground motion


2. Enter “Cols1-3”
in File name
3. Click on
“Save”

2. Click on
“Yes”
1. Click on
“Save”

Run Analyses for Columns 1 & 3
“SHAKE” “Process”
3. Click on
“Ok”

SHAKE2000 Output Files - Nomenclature
SHAKEout : Name of plot files

L6 : Layer 6
A32 : Analysis 32; thirty second analysis
D2 : Soil Profile No. “2” in Option 2
220 : Position of history in Output_2.out
Col 3 : ID for soil profile in Option 2
P_GIL337 : ID of input ground motion in Option 3
Incident : Incident component of ATH
ACC : Acceleration Time History
VEL : Velocity Time History

Plot Results
2. Click on
“Plot”
1. Click on “Peak Acceleration,

CSR, Shear Stress”

Plot Results
1. Click on
“Graph”

Plot Results
2. Click on
3. Click “Next”
on “Ok”
1. Click on “Peak
Acceleration” to
select it

Plot Results
1. Click on
“Close”
Peak Incident
Acceleration
Peak Horizontal
Acceleration

Plot Results
2. Click on
“Plot”
1. Click on “Acceleration
Time History”

Plot Results
1. Click on
“Graph”

Plot Results
2. Click on
“Ok”
1. Click on “Incident –
Col 3 ….” to select it

Plot Results
1. Click on
“Close”

Peak: -0.3046 g’s @ 8.11 sec
Peak: -0.2446 g’s @ 8.19 sec
Peak: 0.3989 g’s @ 8.46 sec
Time (sec)
D-MOD2000 Quick Tutorial – Nonlinear Analysis
The first step in our analysis is to estimate viscous damping by

calibrating the D-MOD analysis against an equivalent-linear, i.e.
SHAKE, analysis that has a constant value of viscous damping
at all frequencies. There are two approaches that can be used
to evaluate the Rayleigh Damping coefficients, n and , using
an iterative procedure based on comparing how well the
SHAKE and D-MOD surface response spectra and peak shear
strain vs. depth compared to each other:
1. Develop a SHAKE column and perform an equivalent-linear

SHAKE analysis to obtain the acceleration time history at the
surface level. Limit input PGA to  0.4 g and Shear Strain to
 0.5%.
2. Develop a SHAKE column and perform a small strain, linear

SHAKE analysis to obtain the acceleration time history at
the surface level. Use Gmax and 5% damping for all layers
(i.e., use “zero” type soils in Option 2). More detailed
information about this approach is provided by Stewart et
al. (2008).

The first approach involves evaluation of the Rayleigh Damping

coefficients, n and , using an iterative procedure as follows:
1. Develop a SHAKE column and perform the SHAKE analysis

to obtain the acceleration time history at the surface level.
Limit input PGA to  0.4 g and Shear Strain to  0.5%.
2. Develop the D-MOD column to match the SHAKE column as
close as possible and use n = 0 and  = 0.5 for first
iteration.
3. Perform a total-stress nonlinear analysis with D-MOD.
4. Compare the surface response spectrum from SHAKE to the
response spectrum from D-MOD; and also compare the
peak shear strain vs. depth plots.
5. Adjust n and  and repeat from step 3 until a “satisfactory”
match between the SHAKE and D-MOD spectra is obtained.
Also, compare shear strain vs. depth.

Select Motion for Nonlinear Analysis
Scale R_WON185 motion to

obtain PGA  0.4 g and   0.5%

Scale PGA for R_WON185 to yield shear strain  0.5%
1. Scroll Up
2. Click on Option 3
for “R_WON185”
and right-click

1. Click on
“Yes

3. Click on
“Edit”
1. Scroll
down
2. Click on new “Option 3

– Motion: R_WON185 …”
set to select it

1. Enter “Option 3 – R_WON185

– D-MOD Calibration”
3. Click on
“Return”
2. By trial-and-error you’ll find out

that using “1.45” for multiplication
factor yields strains < 0.5%

2. Click on
“Clear”
1. Click on any of the options

on the list of input options

1. Click on
“No”

1. Enter “R_WON185 D-
MOD Calibration” for Input
Set Description
2. Click on “Repeat input

….” to deselect it

List of Input Options for Nonlinear Calibration
Option Description
No.
24 Option 3 – R_WON095 – D-MOD Calibration

Name Output & Plot Files
1. Enter “WON185_D-MOD_1.out”
4. Click on
“Save” 2. Enter “WON185_D-MOD_2.out”
3. Enter “WON185_D-MOD”
for Name of Plot Files


2. Enter “WON185_D-MODcal”
in File name
3. Click on
“Save”

2. Click on
“Yes”
1. Click on
“Save”

Run Calibration Analysis for D-MOD
3. Click on
“Ok”

Plot Results of Calibration Analysis for D-MOD
0 0
-10 -10
-20 -20
-30 -30
Depth (ft)
Depth (ft)
-40 -40
-50 -50
-60 -60
-70 -70
-80 -80
-90 -90
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
PGA (g's) Shear Strain (%)

Limit input PGA to  0.4 g and Shear Strain to  0.5%.
close as possible; use n = 0 and  = 0.5 for first iteration.
3. Perform a total-stress nonlinear analysis with D-MOD.
response spectrum from D-MOD.
To compute the surface response spectrum from SHAKE use

the WON185_D-MOD-L1A1D1-1-Col 1 –RWON185.AHL
file created from the SHAKE analysis just conducted.

Also compare peak shear strain vs. depth.

The second approach to estimate viscous damping parameters

is by calibrating the D-MOD analysis against an equivalent-
linear, i.e. SHAKE, analysis for small strain conditions (i.e., use
Gmax and a constant value of 5% damping for all soil layers).
More detailed information on this procedure is presented by
Stewart et al (2008).
1. Develop a SHAKE column and perform a small strain linear

SHAKE analysis to obtain the acceleration time history at
the surface level. Use Gmax and 5% damping for all layers
(i.e., use “zero” type soils in Option 2).
close as possible; use n = 0 and  = 5 for first iteration.
3. Perform a Total-Stress\Linear-Elastic analysis with D-MOD.
Also, compare peak acceleration & Shear Strain vs. depth
obtained from SHAKE and D-MOD.

Small Strain Linear Analysis
1. Scroll up
2. Click on “Option 2 – Col 1 ...”

to select it and then right-click
3. Click
on “Yes”

Small Strain Linear Analysis - New Option 2
2. Click on
“Edit”
1. Click on “Option 2
- … (Set 3)”

Small Strain Linear Analysis – Zero Type Soils
Col 1 - Small Strain”
2. Enter “Col 1 – Small

Strain” in Identification
3. Enter “0”
for Soil Type
4. Click on
“Yes”

Small Strain Linear Analysis – Zero Type Soils
1. Click on
“Return”

2. Click on “Clear”
3. Click
on “No”
1. Click on any option

on the input list

1. Enter “WON185-SS_1.out”
2. Enter “WON185-SS_2.out”
3. Enter “WON185-SS”
for Name of Plot Files
4. Enter “WON185 Small

Strain” for description

List of Input Options for Small Strain Calibration
Option Description
No.
4 Option 2 – Col 1 – Small Strain
25 Option 3 – R_WON095 – D-MOD Calibration

1. Click on
“Save”


1. Enter “WON185-SS”
for File name
3. Click on
“Save”

2. Click on “Yes”
1. Click on
“Save”

3. Click
on “Ok”

Small Strain Linear Analysis –PGA & Strain vs. Depth

Use Gmax and 5% damping for all soil layers (i.e., use “zero”
type soils in Option 2).
close as possible; use n = 0 and  = 5 for first iteration.
3. Perform a Total-Stress\Linear-Elastic analysis with D-MOD.
To compute the surface response spectrum from SHAKE use

the WON185-SS-L1A1D3-1-Col 1 –R_WON185.AHL file
created from the SHAKE analysis just conducted.

Also, compare peak acceleration & Shear Strain vs. depth
obtained from SHAKE and D-MOD.

1. Click on
“Return”
2. Click on
“Yes”

2. Click on “Yes”
1. Click on
“Save”

SHAKE2000
1. Click on
“Exit”
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Pseudo-Absolute Acceleration (g)

for the 1-D Analysis of

Copyright © 2005-2017 Gustavo A. Ordonez

SHAKE2000 Quick Tutorial - Page No. iii

SHAKE2000 Quick Tutorial - Page No. iv

USB Hardware Key

Export Law Assurances

SHAKE2000 Quick Tutorial - Page No. v

A software application that integrates

SHAKE2000 Quick Tutorial - Page No. vii

Copyright  2007-2016 GeoMotions, LLC 1

Seismic Hazard Analysis

The process by which design ground motion parameters are

In general, a SHA can be classified as either deterministic

Copyright  2007-2016 GeoMotions, LLC 2

SHAKE2000 Quick Tutorial - Page No. 1

A DSHA involves the following basic steps:

1. Identification of all relevant sources;

Copyright  2007-2016 GeoMotions, LLC 3

Deterministic Seismic Hazard Analysis

Copyright  2007-2016 GeoMotions, LLC 4

SHAKE2000 Quick Tutorial - Page No. 2

Peak Horizontal Acceleration Attenuation Curve

Copyright  2007-2016 GeoMotions, LLC 5

Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis

A PSHA involves the following basic steps:

1. Identification of all possible and relevant sources;

Norm Abrahamson – EERI 2009 - http://nees.unr.edu/outreach/Abrahamson_eeri2009.pdf.

Copyright  2007-2016 GeoMotions, LLC 6

SHAKE2000 Quick Tutorial - Page No. 3

Copyright  2007-2016 GeoMotions, LLC 7

Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Analysis using

Develop input data for analysis:

Graphical and/or tabular representation of results

Copyright  2007-2016 GeoMotions, LLC 8

SHAKE2000 Quick Tutorial - Page No. 4

1. Define the subsurface conditions at the site.

Copyright  2007-2016 GeoMotions, LLC 9

Site-Specific Seismic Hazard Analysis & Site Response

Attenuation Relationship Shear Stress/Strain

Copyright  2007-2016 GeoMotions, LLC 10

SHAKE2000 Quick Tutorial - Page No. 5

Define the subsurface conditions at the site

Copyright  2007-2016 GeoMotions, LLC 11

Depth (ft) Vs (ft/sec)

758  = 125 pcf

656 Silty to Fine Sand, trace organics

Silty to Fine Sand, trace gravel

Coarse Sand & Gravel

Copyright  2007-2016 GeoMotions, LLC 12

SHAKE2000 Quick Tutorial - Page No. 6

Define the significant structures and seismogenic

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Sample Problem Location

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SHAKE2000 Quick Tutorial - Page No. 7

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Define the significant structures and seismogenic

Seattle Fault 7.2 53

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SHAKE2000 Quick Tutorial - Page No. 8

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