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A TThesis Proposal to the Faculty of Formatted: Space After: 0 pt, Line spacing: single
In Proposal Partial fulfillment of the Requirements Formatted: Space After: 0 pt, Line spacing: single
February 2019
Table of Contents:
Title Page
Table of Contents
Chapter 1
……
Chapter 2
…..
Chapter 3
…..
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Chapter 1
however, a lot of these plants does not haveare not yet scientifically
recognition recognized hence they and therefore fall with those that are
favored and used by native communities in their traditional medicines. Commented [FB1]: Site source, then give 1 example with
source too….
of research.
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their physical structures would also be observed, this would be done with
discover their activities against specific enzymes that are responsible for
the selected plants in search of lead compounds using TLC and microscopy
effects these plants can exert and what respective structure is the cause of
such effect.
2.4. Under Ultraviolet Radiation, are there any spots that are active?
4. What are the physical structures of the dried plant extracts under
samples?
Theoretical Framework
concerns and lower drug efficacy there is a growing interest to show direct
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et.al., 2015).
Conceptual Framework
5.
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Type of extracting
mobile phasesolvents:
Polar Solvent
the spots present, determination of active spots, shape and particle size of
the active metabolites, and structure of the functional group. Commented [FB2]: Revise this part…. Introduce the different
solvents
in Davao.
To the Students: Those students who are inclined to science may have a
better outlook of those plants that are regarded as useless in the society.
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They can also help in propagating and preservation of this indigenous plant
from extinction.
To the Society: People that are unaware of those plants as they considered
them as ineffective can have a better understanding to its natural use. They
can also help in preservation of this indigenous plant for future benefit.
components of these plants. This study may be one of the bases for a new
the study are commonly found, results from this study may greatly
This study will be limited only to the screening of extracts from seven
indigenous plants that will be collected in different areas in Davao City. The
sample that will be used in the study will be limited to the following
indigenous plants and their parts: leaves of the Spiral Ginger (Costus
Bila bila/ Paragis (Eleusine indica), Tawa-tawa (Euphorbia hirta) leaves, the
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The study will use Thin Layer Chromatography method to screen out
different constituents from the plant extracts and to identify their purity.
conducted at the UIC Science Research Center and all the other laboratory
duration of the study will be from second semester of third year college to
Definition of Terms
Chapter 2
use in the study as well as their literature reviews for further information
Related Literature
Bioautography
(Muller, 2004)
their quality, efficacy, and safety (Valle, Puzon, Cabrera, Rivera, & Valle,
2016).
Enzyme inhibition
primary screening assays. The use of a TLC support to screen for potential
Diazotization
the TLC plates, while AchE inhibitors produce white spots. Enzyme
http://kbl.org.ph/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/paragis1-300x169.jpg
Figure 1. Paragis
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Trachebionta
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Liliopsida
Subclass: Commelinidae
Order: Cyperales
Family: Poaceae
Genus: Eleusine
Species: indica
long, the first glume 1-nerved and small, the second, 3-nerved, and the third
and succeeding ones ovate, acute. For many non-model species, there is very
activity and may be used as adjuvant to dietary therapy and drug treatment
https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/2231/8055/products/Kang_Kong_c394afb2-be7e-487d-88aa-
8a715f9514e1_1024x1024.png?v=1541096281
Figure 2. Kangkong
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridiplantae
Division: Tracheophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Subclass: Asteranae
Order: Solanales
Family: Convolvulaceae
Genus: Ipomoea
Species: aquatic
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6.5cm long, with minute bracts at base; sepals glabrous, unawned, ovate, the
inner slightly longer than outer, 7-10 mm long; corolla funnel shaped,
glabrous, pink, often with darker eye, sometimes white or cream, 2.5-5.5 cm
long, 2-4 cm wide; stamens included, shorter than corolla, adnate with
petals above the base, filaments hairy at the base, anthers dehiscing
rounded on back, about 5mm long, about 4mm wide. The seeds have an
cultivated, especially in Asia. The plant also has traditional medicinal uses.
Various parts of this plant has been used for traditional treatment of
boils, fever, headache, insomia, laxative, piles, swelling, ulcer and wound
(Lakshmi, 2012)
The antibacterial efficacy of the leaf extract IA has been reported against
luteus that indicated the extract has antibacterial property. (Khatun, 2012)
https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-d96856bb1976d8c3c8e1c77181dcba9f.webp
Figure 3. Makahiya
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Viridiplantae
Division: Tracheophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
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Subclass: Rosanae
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Genus: Mimosa
Species: pudica
plant. The plant can grow up to 1 meter tall, but is more likely to be 15-45
cm tall, the stems usually becoming woody. The plant is gathered from the
wild for local medicinal use. It is cultivated as a green manure and for soil
stabilization, and is sometimes also cultivated for its uses in folk medicine.
throughout the species range and seeds have been collected and stored by
Species(2013).
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http://www.stuartxchange.org/PandakakiPuti2.jpg
Figure 4. Pandakaki
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Tracheobionta
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Subclass: Asteridae
Order: Gentianales
Family: Apocynaceae
Genus: Ervatamia
Species: pandacaqui
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and terminal, peduncled, and have rather few flowers. Calyx is green,
ovoid, and short. Corolla is white, tinged with green, slender-tubed, 1.7
ridged or keeled.
stress have been described in T. catharinensis. (I. J. C. Vieira et al., 2008). The
voachalotine which can be extracted from the aerial parts (leaves and
branches) and also in the root bark of T. catharinensis. (Pereira et al. (2008).
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/--ucB6Q_VRbA/WaJ2mWQUUcI/AAAAAAAAACY/hgsatoYg_gYpN-
7DqEAtrXHN25ZHhw2TgCLcBGAs/s1600/chamaesyce_hirta21.jpg
Figure 5. Tawa-tawa
state or (after removing the solvent) in dry powder form, and are intended
solvents diffuse into the solid plant material and solubilize compounds with
intended with the extract. Since the end product will contain traces of
residual solvent, the solvent should be non-toxic and should not interfere
with the bioassay. The choice will also depend on the targeted compounds
https://encryptedtbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRE6xvI18H1eYeCTpVrO_bMbg8Ln1Q1i2vXkJ4
YLwLjsero83mCCg
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Tracheobionta
Division: Pteridophyta
Class: Pteridopsida
Subclass: Polypodiidae
Order: Polypodiales
Family: Polypodiaceae
Genus: Drynaria
Species: quercifolia
- short, sterile ones up to 40cm tall that remain on the plant for several years
for the plant, and taller fertile shoots that produce spores. The root is
https://i.etsystatic.com/6728015/r/il/30a274/1109051091/il_570xN.1109051091_tetx.jpg
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Tracheobionta
Division: Magnoliophyta
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Class: Liliopsida
Subclass: Zingiberidae
Order: Zingiberales
Family: Zingiberaceae
Genus: Costus
Species: barbatus
tip, short stalks and covered with soft hairs on the lower surface. Flowers
occur in very dense, solitary spikes. Spikes are very dense, solitary, terminal,
finely toothed, the margins incurved and meeting. Stamen is flat, and
Some folkloric claims said that Spiral ginger (Costus barbatus) in Visayas
were juice of the stems used for dysentery. In Ayurveda, rhizome has been
used for diabetes, fevers, asthma, bronchitis, intestinal worms, rashes. Roots
used for catarrhal fevers, coughs, dyspepsia, worms and skin diseases.
leaves are given in mental disorders. Bruised leaves are applied in fever;
decoction of stem is used in fever and dysentery (The Wealth of India: First
Related Studies Commented [FB3]: Add more literature, 3 more per plant….
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carbonyl group, hydroxyl groups and aromatic rings are observed in Costus
rats just like the oral hypoglycemic drug Tolbutamide. Also, the study of
Monvar, et. al. (2013) in Ipomea aquatica plant detected the presence of
moieties were detected in stem and leaves. Thus, the plant also exhibits
xanthine inhibitory and showed the lowest IC50 of 32.8 μg/mL. The aqueous
the extract has high margin of safety because there was no death recorded
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even at 10 times of the effective dose therefore the LD50 of the extract was
high.
(Shih, M., 2008). Quercetin, a type of flavonol, was isolated from the plant
which contains bioactive etities with potential atistress activity using TLC
was done with Spectroscpic results (FTIR, HMR and MASS) (Tiwar, N. Et.
al., 2015). It has been used as a treatment for asthma in folk medicine
(Watanabe et al, 2005). In the study of (Lanhers et al, 1991), it has been said
al., (1972), it has been reported that the total alkaloids isolated from the
The study of Dewanjee et al., 2014, as the basis if plant contains AchE
and will be inhibited by AchE inhibitor will produce white spots in TLC
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plates. If the plants extracts screened under α and β- glucosidase under TLC-
naphthyl-β-D-glucopyranose or 2-naphthyl-α-D-glucopyranoside by
purple colored diazo dye. For the detection of active enzyme, the solution
B salt solution sprayed onto the plate to give a purple coloration within 2-5
min.
50% and extracts having less than 15% inhibition will not show significant
Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
Research Design
The researchers will utilize an experimental research design. The Commented [FB4]: TLC?? A scientific laboratory method
et. al (2014).
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study are to be taken from Chemistry Laboratory. All the afore mentioned
The plant collected with proper handling and will be placed in a black bag.
The plants samples will be preserved for authentication by and will be sent
subjected to air drying for 3 days. Two hundred grams (200 g) of the air-
dried plants material will be cut into small pieces and will be placed in an
Erlenmeyer flask and will be macerated in 80% ethanol for forty-eight hours
ºC. the extract will be place in an amber bottle and stored in a cold place
Detection of Flavonoids
The samples were applied to silica gel TLC plates and migrated in a
suitable solvent. After the complete removal of solvent, the AchE solution Commented [FB9]: specify
spray the mixture of 1 naphthyl acetate and fast blue salt. After 1-2 min.
The samples were applied to silica gel TLC plates and migrated in a
blue Bsalts in distilled water having ratio of 1:4 of the mixture. The mixture Commented [FB11]: ???
is sprayed onto the plate to give purple coloration within 2-5 min.
(for direct measurement of enzyme activity on the TLC plate is not possible).
for 20 min in the dark. A purple background will be obtained on the plate
References: