Development of Road Map Long Span Bridge in Indonesia - Redrik Irawan PDF

MAINTENANCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR LONG SPAN BRIDGE & TUNNEL Pacific Palace Hotel, Batam,
Riau Island Province 5 – 7th of June 2012
DEVELOPMENT OF ROAD MAP LONG SPAN BRIDGE IN

INDONESIA
Redrik Irawan
ABSTRACT
This paper covers the steps in drafting road mapping to manage the development of an
integrated regional road network in connecting the Indonesian archipelago and the
needs for long span bridge technology concepts in supporting the realization of the
design and execution of Sunda Strait Bridge Crossing in the near future. Appropriate
models for road map technology in the field of long span bridging are scarce as each
case needs a unique solution. Technical resources and expatriate experience are highly
required. Technology identification methods are therefore used in assessing a roadmap
for long span bridging Indonesia. The mapping of local available resources in managing
development concepts is our main focus, in achieving an integrated program with
coordinated Indonesian institutional involvement. Our road map system covers all
available aspects that could be collected so far. Discussions on this project are still
underway and modifications and adjustments in the proposed road map are periodically
required to meet the technology development of research.
1. INTRODUCTION
As a technology product, long span bridging is the infrastructural provisional need to

establish land transportation in connecting points of regional development in the road
network. The increase of national connection is expected to accelerate economical
growth by 6,5 to 6,7 percent in 2012 (Yahoo Indonesia news). Therefore long span
bridge technology has to be managed efficiently in particular on the usage of human
resources, equipments, and costs in achieving optimal to maximum targets. One
concept for efficient technology management is through road mapping
The development of research programs and the existing long span bridge development
in Indonesia are reflected in the technical thesis topics of four national Indonesian
universities (UI, ITB, ITS, UNDIP). They are all focused on static and aerodynamic
design of components and structures of long span bridging besides high performance
concrete material. The national research agenda 2010-2014 of the State Ministry for
Research and Technology has a long span bridge research in discussion (State Ministry
for Research and Technology 2010).
Some research works have already been carried out by the Agency for Research and
Development – Ministry of Public Works of Indonesia that are focused on : i) prototypes
of long span bridges for pedestrians and light traffic (Tristanto 1995, Syamsudin, 2007,
Hardono 2008,2009); ii) aerodynamic studies (Hardono 2010,2011); iii) tall concrete
piers (Surviyanto 2011) ; iv) high strength concrete (Dachtar 1995, Tristanto 2002) ; iv)
bridge data information (Murtosidi 2011); v) performance and condition monitoring
Agency for Research and Development Institute of Road Engineering- Ministry of Public Works, Indonesia and National
Institute of Land and Infrastructure Management - Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Japan 1
system of bridging (Tristanto 1999,2000, Septinurriandiani 2011, Sukmara 2011); vi)

concrete and steel corrosion (Suharlinah 1999,2000,2010, Gunawan 2011); and pre-
feasibility studies of Sunda Strait Bridge and Malaca Strait Bridge in 2008
(Sjahdanulirwan 2008).
Meanwhile long span bridge technology asssessment is also carried out by Directorate
General of Highways (Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum) focused on: i) standard
operational procedure in 2008 and 2009; ii) construction and supervision manual in
2010; iii) long span bridge maintenance in 2010, 2011; iv) expert system in 2011; v)
design criteria for long span bridge in 2012; feasibility study for Sunda Strait Bridge in
2011 and 2012 which focussing on : a) approach and causeway viaduct; b) suspension
bridge; c) renewable energy for the bridge; and d) ship navigation.
Joint research between the Agency for The Assessment and Application of Technology -
State Ministry for Research and Technology, Ministry of Public Works of Indonesia, serta
Japan Indonesia Science and Technology Forum, and Japan International Cooperation
Agency mulai tahun 1986, 1992,1997, dan 2001 already covers some structural and
seismic research in selecting fixed-link type for Sunda Strait Bridge, and Bali Strait
Bridge. (Gapar 1986, Japan Indonesia Science and Technology Forum 1986, Purnomo
and Andiantono 1992, Kawaguchi 1992, Wangsadinata 1997, Ministry of Settlement and
Regional Infrastructure 2001)
The construction of long span bridging by central and local government agencies during
1968 – 2011 has successfully built: two concrete-continuous girder bridges, ten
concrete-continuous box girder bridges, five concrete arch bridges, seven steel arch
bridges, fourteen suspension and cable-stayed bridges (Gunarta 2010, Direktorat
Jenderal Bina Marga 2011).
Meanwhile the development of testing laboratories in supporting technology

development of material and structure for bridging has already been carried out by :
Experimental Station for Building Structure in Research Institute of Human Settlement,
Center of Structure Perfomance Technology, Structural Testing Laboratort and
Nusantara Low Speed Wind Tunnel Laboratory in Indonesian Aerospace, Center of
Material and Technical Product, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Universitas Indonesia
(UI), Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya (ITS), Aero-Gas dynamics and
Vibration Laboratory, Experimental Station for Hydraulics and Geotechnics Research
Center for Water Resources, and Experimental Station for Hyrodynamics Assessment
and Research. (Irawan 2011, Sukmara 2011)
Advance technologly implementation has laready been applied in providing structural

health monitoring system for Suramadu National Bridge. This system components in
monitoring structural health comprise : sensors, acquisition and transmission systems,
processing and control system and evaluation system (Balai Besar Pelaksanaan Jalan
Nasional V) as ilustrated in Fig. 1 and Table 1. About 514 sensors for measurement of
parameters have been used for Suramadu Bridge until the year 2012 ( (Dinas Kominfo
Provinsi Jatim, TribuNews).
MAINTENANCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR LONG SPAN BRIDGE & TUNNEL Pacific Palace Hotel, Batam, Riau Island Province 5 – 7th of June 2012
Structural System and

Data Acquisition Signal Processing
Material
Excitation Sensor/Actuator, NDE Technique Intermediate

MONITORING Level
Modeling Identification
Simulation or Damage Location
Computation and Severity Manual
Inspection
Model Updating
DIAGNOSIS
Estimation of remaining strength
Predictin of service life

Repair/Maintenance Strategies
Reliability analysis and evaluation
CONDITION
Analysis of life-cycle cost
ASSESSMENT
Figure 1 Typical Monitoring System for Suramadu National Bridge (Nababan 2008)
Agency for Research and Development Institute of Road Engineering- Ministry of Public Works, Indonesia and National Institute of Land and Infrastructure Management - Ministry of
Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Japan 4
Table 1 Parameter measurement and censors used in Suramadu National

Bridge(Handita,Nababan, dan Suangga 2008)
Monitoring Project Sensor
Bi-axial Anemometer
Wind Loading
Tri-axial Anemometer
Structure Steel Temperature

Temperature of steel component
Sensor
Temperature of concrete Structure Concrete

Loading Source
component Temperature Sensor
Air Temperature and Relative Air Temperature and Relative

Humidity Humidity Sensor
Weigh-in-Motion System
Highway Loading
Digital Video Camera
Global Position System

Receiver
Global Displacement
Global Position System
Reference
Tilt of pylon Bi-axial Tilter
Displacement of Girder end, Diplacement

Displacement Tranducer
between Pylon and Girder
Single-axial Accelerometer
System Characteristic and
Bridge Response Accelerator Bi-axial Accelerometer
Tri-axial Accelerometer
Seismic Accelerator Seismic Accelerometer
Strain of steel component Steel strain gauge
Strain Strain of concrete component Steel strain gauge
Multi-axes Strain Strain Rosettes Gauge
Cable force Bi-axial Accelerometer
Regarding the information mentioned above, it is a fact that Indonesia is assessing a

concept for long span bridge technology athough economical development is predicted
as 6.1 percent by the World Bank per year and infrastucture construction cost 161,4
trilion rupiahs (Ipotnews) with a yearly increase of 25.5 percent from 2005 – 2011 thus is
expected to develop industrial construction fairly good. In connection with the pysical
application of long span bridge technology in Indonesia, some contractors and
consultants in Indonesia do have capability in managing the technologies in previous

bridge project.
These figures are not in accordance with research funding for infrastructural projects for
roads and bridges by the government which is 128 million rupiah for the year that is only
0,44 precent of the road and bridges infrasructural funding of nearly 30 trillion rupiahs. In
reality there is lack of cooperation between the institutional research and the national
construction industries as research is not yet able to achieve attractive infrastructural
technology for the needs of national construction.
2. METHODOLOGY
The methodology in planning Technology Road Map (TRM) is adopted from Govert
Gijsbers, Johannes Roseboom, and Cootje van Zandvoor as follows :
1. Define the scope of the TRM with the aim and description of relevant systems or
value chains, its boundaries and context, identification of relevant stakeholder
groups, identification of relevant adjoining systems/ domains;
2. Develop a vision of the future in 20xx. The aim is an inventory of developments
and trends and identification of the most important drivers for the future,
development of possible future scenarios;
3. Identify future market demand and needs in 20xx. The aim is drafting of potential
innovation pathways, inventory and clustering of future market demands and
needs for each innovation pathway;
4. Identify priority research or innovation program areas. The aim is description and
prioritizing research program areas and strategic alliances;
5. Validate program externally. The aim is external validation and enlarged external
support and commitment to program;
6. Plan and implement TRM. The aim is planning and implementation of overall
program, allocation of resources for the TRM period, management of the overall
program: monitor, check and confirm or adjust.
This method is applied in this paper by selecting execution steps that are assumed to be
in connection with the identification needs of research and development.
The used data is compiled from various primary resources as follows : i) patent search
engine from three patent offices US Patent Office (USPTO), Japan Patent Office (JPO),
European Patent Office (EPO); ii) standard list or specification published by several
national standard agencies and professional associations in several countries iii) list of
journal papers that are obtained through Google Scholar and Science Direct; iv) Road
map technology from several institutions that are assumed in connection with bridge
technology carried out by industrial sectors for cement, concrete, steel and construction
material (Material Technology Institute of The Chemical Process Industries 1998,
European Confederation of Iron and Steel Industries 1999, World Business Council for
Sustainable Development and International Energy Agency, Concrete Research and
Education Foundation, AISI 2001, Bartos 2006, European SMART Consortium 2007,
ECTP 2008, Hobbs 2008, European Commission 2011), including Civil Infrastructure
Systems Technology Road Map 2003 – 2013 which is provided by Engineers Canada
(http://www.engineerscanada.ca), and Transportation System Preservation Research,
Development, and Implementation Roadmap which is provided by Federal Highway
Administration (FP2 2008).
By using above mentioned data it is expected to achieve : i) proposed trend of

technology concepts. ii) number of technology concepts and duration of time that is used
to execute the development of mentioned technology.
The research by using above data findings will need a considerable time and therefore a
lot of data may not yet be studied.
3. RESULTS
Coverage of the technology roadmap is expected to represent all stages of the

management of long-span bridging in the form of research that supports: i) the
investigation and planning/design stages , ii) the implementation phase, and iii) the
operational stages with relevant stakeholder which could be :
1. Highway Official focusing on design, construction, and maintenance/operational
aspects ;
2. Highway Officials focusing on engineering and procurement and investment
capacity building ;
3. Engineer Associations ;
4. Construction and Construction Equipment Industry and also Bridge Material and
Component Manufacturer Association ;
5. R&D Institution including universities.
Finally the implementation process of roadmapping is presented in Table 2.
Tabel 2 The Technology Road Map for Long Span Bridge in Indonesia
No. Focus Project / Product
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9
Preliminary
Roadmap road Evaluation Evaluation Final
Evaluation Evaluation Evaluation and Evaluation Evaluation
Technology and mapping for and and Product
and Product and Product Product and Product and Product
1 Product long span Product Product Integration
Integration Integration Integration Integration Integration
Integration bridge Integration Integration
Planning technology
1. Technical
paper on high
performance 1. High
concrete performance
specification concrete
specification
2. Technical Technical
paper on high 2. High paper on Segmental
performance performance segmental jointing
2 Bridge material steel steel jointing specifi-
specification specification specification
cation
3. Technical 3. High
paper on high performance
performance cable
cable specification
specification
1. Technical 1. Technical 1 Technical 1 Technical 1.Physical

paper on paper on paper on paper on 1. Design model of
suspensión suspensión arch bridge box girder criteria for box girder
3
Stiffening Girder bridge bridge design bridge box girder bridge
design monitoring and design bridge
construction 2. Technical
2. Technical paper on 2. 2. Draft

paper on 2. . Technical arch bridge Integration manual for
cable paper on cable construction technology monitoring
stayed stayed bridge for building and
bridge monitoring and 3. and construc-
design construction Technology equipment tion of
for providing for long span
3. Technical 3. Design building and structural bridge
paper on criteria for equipment long span superstruc
feasibility of structural long for structural bridge -ture
structural span bridge long span laboratory
long span laboratory bridge
bridge laboratory 3 Draft
laboratory manual for
develop- superstruc-
ment study ture design
of long
span
bridging
1. Technical 1. Technical 1. 1. Physical

1. Technical 1.
paper on paper on Technolo- model for 1. Physical
paper on Physical
aerodyna- aerodyna- gy in wind model for
aerodynamic model for
1. Technical mic mic integrating tunnel wind
bridge wind
1.Full scale paper on behavior of preliminary building and testing of tunnel
behavior for tunnel
prototype of cable stayed cable testing for equipment bridge testing of
span 2500 - testing of
Aerodynamic cable stayed long span stayed long bridge span for wind Model 2D bridge full
4 5000 meter bridge full
bridge research long span pedestrian span 2500 - 5000 tunnel Elastic Model
Model
pedestrian steel bridge pedestrian meter laboratory Section span 2500
2. Design span 2500
steel bridge steel bridge span 2500 - 5000
criteria for wind - 5000
by ire 2.Design 2. Physical - 5000 meter
tunnel meter
2. Technical criteria for model for meter final step
laboratory prelimin-
paper on aerodyna- wind tunnel 2. physical
ary step
feasibility mic cable testing of model for

study of behavior bridge wind
developingw and Model 2D tunnel
ind tunnel bearings Rigid testing of
laboratory assessories Section cable and
for bridge for 2500 - span 2500 - bridge
5000 meter 5000 meter bearing
3. Draft bridge span assess-
design ories
manual for 3.Technolo-
cable gy in
stayed long providing
span building and
pedestrian equipment
steel bridge for wind
tunnel
4. Draft laboratory
construction
manual for
cable
stayed long
span
pedestrian
steel bridge
Technical 1. Technical
Technical 1. Draft
paper on paper on
paper on manual for
Criteria of Interpretation 1. Design
Condiion SHMS in
SHMS system SHMS criteria for 1. Draft
Monitoring Assessment Indonesia
5 (Structural Vibration manual for
system of bridge and
Health 2. Technical Excitation Special
performance Specificatio 2. Design
Monitoring paper on Vehicle inspection
n for Criteria for
System) special
Monitoring Inspection
untuk kondisi inspection
Sensors Equipment
Indonesia method

1. Technical
paper on
steel pier
1. Technical
paper on
2. Physical
composite 1. 1. Draft
1. Design model of
1. Technical pier Physical manual for
criteria for prestress/
paper on Technical model of contructio
prestress/ precast
concrete paper on 2. Draft composite n and
precast concrete Design
Technical hollow prestress/ manual for pier constructio
concrete pier pier criteria for
Bridge pier paper on slender pier precast contruction n
6 composite
systems concrete concrete and 2. Draft supervisio
2. Technical 3. Draft pier
slender pier 2. Drafting pier construction manual for n of
paper for Slip manual of
manual for supervision design on composite
Form structural
concrete of concrete composite pier
construction design of
slender pier pier pier
method prestress/
precast
concrete
pier
Physical
Design Draft
Preventive Technical model of
criteria for manual for
systems against paper on structural
structural implement
dynamic loads structural control
control ation of
and earthquake control implement
ation structural
control
Special 1. Technical 1. Design 1. Technical Draft

8
foundation paper on Criteria for paper on manual of

systems Structural Long-span construction Special
Design for Bridge and Fundation
Special Foundation construction
Foundation supervision
2. Design of Special
2. Technical criteria for Foundation
paper on scouring
Marine and current 2. Physical
Geotechnical prevention Model for
Investigation Foundation
Scouring
4. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The obtained road map results are probably not yet satisfactorily as the development of
technology cannot be covered fully by the basic topics in the road mapping, in particular
due to program durations and steps in achieved development. Periodical/yearly
improvements in the road mapping system are important therefore to be reviewed by
considering the following points :
a. Revisiting previous sections summarizing/revisiting general or key results
Modifying the roadmap according to previous results of research works with

consideration for shortcomings and weakness aspects that have to be reviewed and
corrected with further research
b.Mapping (Relationship to existing research)
Relationships with other research and roadmaps are implemented to improve the
research topics and expected results
c. Achievement/contribution refining the implications
Achievement/contribution refining the implications are the best research results could
be achieved, are there new innovations achieved, the aspects of the results to enable
application in practice
d. Limitations current and future work applications
The limitations from previous research works and the topics that have to be focused
on in further research work
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MAINTENANCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR LONG SPAN BRIDGE & TUNNEL Pacific Palace Hotel, Batam,

Riau Island Province 5 – 7th of June 2012

DEVELOPMENT OF ROAD MAP LONG SPAN BRIDGE IN

As a technology product, long span bridging is the infrastructural provisional need to

system of bridging (Tristanto 1999,2000, Septinurriandiani 2011, Sukmara 2011); vi)

Meanwhile the development of testing laboratories in supporting technology

Advance technologly implementation has laready been applied in providing structural

Structural System and

Excitation Sensor/Actuator, NDE Technique Intermediate

Estimation of remaining strength

Predictin of service life

Table 1 Parameter measurement and censors used in Suramadu National

Monitoring Project Sensor

Structure Steel Temperature

Temperature of concrete Structure Concrete

Air Temperature and Relative Air Temperature and Relative

Global Position System

Tilt of pylon Bi-axial Tilter

Displacement of Girder end, Diplacement

Seismic Accelerator Seismic Accelerometer

Strain of steel component Steel strain gauge

Strain Strain of concrete component Steel strain gauge

Multi-axes Strain Strain Rosettes Gauge

Cable force Bi-axial Accelerometer

Regarding the information mentioned above, it is a fact that Indonesia is assessing a

consultants in Indonesia do have capability in managing the technologies in previous

By using above mentioned data it is expected to achieve : i) proposed trend of

Coverage of the technology roadmap is expected to represent all stages of the

Finally the implementation process of roadmapping is presented in Table 2.

1. Technical 1. Technical 1 Technical 1 Technical 1.Physical

No. Focus Project / Product

1. Technical 1. Technical 1. 1. Physical

No. Focus Project / Product

No. Focus Project / Product

Special 1. Technical 1. Design 1. Technical Draft

No. Focus Project / Product

4. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

a. Revisiting previous sections summarizing/revisiting general or key results

Modifying the roadmap according to previous results of research works with

b.Mapping (Relationship to existing research)

c. Achievement/contribution refining the implications

d. Limitations current and future work applications

Canada Standard Association. 2006. Canadian Highway Bridge Code CAN/CSA-S6-06.

Kementerian Riset dan Technolgi. 2010. “Agenda Riset Nasional.”

Korea Contruction Engineering Development Program (KOCED). “Test Facilities”

Seismic Engineering Research Infrastructure fo European Strategies (SERIES). “About

Sjahdanulirwan,M. 2008. Pra-FS Jembatan Selat Malaka: Laporan Penelitian dan

Wangsadinata, Wiratman. 1997. Jembatan Selat Sunda dan Kelayakannya sebagai

Reference about Technology Road Map (accessed in 2012).

European Construction Technology Platform (ECTP). 2008. Process and ICT.

Hobbs. Gilli. 2008. Construction Resources and Waste Roadmap.

FP2. 2008. Transportation System Preservation Research, Development, and

Bartos. Peter J. M. 2006. “Nanotechnology in Construction: A Roadmap for

Material Technology Institute of The Chemical Process Industries.1998.

European Commission. 2011. Materials Roadmap Enabling Low Carbon Energy

Engineers Canada. Civil Infrastructure Systems Technology Road Map 2003–2013 A

Related IRE Research Report (In Indonesian)

Tristanto, Lanneke. 1999. Pengkajian Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) untuk

Suharlinah, Lien. 1999. Penentuan laju perkembangan kerusakan struktur jembatan

Suharlinah, Lien. 2000. Pengkajian Kerusakan Beton Bertulang akibat Lingkungan

Gunawan, Hadi. 2011. Perumusan Teknologi Penanganan Jembatan (Pemetaan

Murtosidi, Imam. 2011. Perumusan Teknologi Penanganan Jembatan (Teknologi Sistem

Hardono, Setyo. 2011. Penyusunan Naskah Ilmiah Litbang Teknologi Jembatan