Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Filtration
• Unit operation used to separate solid particles from a
slurry by passing the slurry through a semi-permeable
membrane. Separation is based on particle size.
CHEP 406: MOMENTUM TRANSFER MRamos 3
Basic Principles
Higher Flow Lower
Pressure Pressure
Slurry Filtrate
Pin
-(ΔP)
Pout
Rcake Rmedium
Filter
Medium
CHEP 406: MOMENTUM TRANSFER MRamos 4
Modes of Operation
• Batch – the filtered solids are removed after each run.
ØEach run is consist of the following steps:
1. Filtration
2. Washing
3. Disassembling
4. Dumping
5. Cleaning
6. Assembling
BATCH FILTRATION
CHEP 406: MOMENTUM TRANSFER MRamos 8
Batch Filters
•Plate-and-Frame Filter Press
Ø consists of plates and frames
arranged alternately and
supported on a pair of rails
ØAdvantages:
1. Simple to operate
2. Versatile in operation
3. Can be used for high pressures
and viscous solutions
CHEP 406: MOMENTUM TRANSFER MRamos 9
Batch Filters
•Leaf Filter
Ø features a pressure vessel in
which are located one or more
filter elements or leaves of
circular or rectangular
construction
ØAdvantages:
1. Used for large volume of slurry
2. More efficient during washing
CHEP 406: MOMENTUM TRANSFER MRamos 10
Working Equation
RUTH EQUATION
where:
V= total volume of filtrate collected after time, θ cs = solids concentration in the slurry
V = fictitious filtrate volume kg solids/m3 filtrate
A = Filter area μ = viscosity of filtrate
(-ΔP) = Pressure drop s = compressibility factor
αo = ave. specific cake resistance, m/kg
CHEP 406: MOMENTUM TRANSFER MRamos 11
Filtration Operation
1) Constant Pressure Filtration (CPF)
For CPF:
Substituting to
Ruth Equation:
Filtration Operation
2) Constant Rate Filtration (CRF)
For CRF:
Substituting to
Ruth Equation:
y = m x + b (slope-intercept form)
CHEP 406: MOMENTUM TRANSFER MRamos 13
Filtration Operation
3) CPF preceded by CRF
CRF CPF
For CPF:
Pressure Drop, - ΔP
θr θf
Integrating from θr to θf and Vr to Vf:
Vr Vf
Filtrate Volume, V
CHEP 406: MOMENTUM TRANSFER MRamos 14
Filter Capacity, y
where:
θf = time for filtration
θw = time for washing
θc = time for cleaning
CHEP 406: MOMENTUM TRANSFER MRamos 15
Washing in Filtration
Constant Pressure Filtration (CPF)
MATERIAL BALANCE
CHEP 406: MOMENTUM TRANSFER MRamos 17
Basis of 1 kg slurry:
CHEP 406: MOMENTUM TRANSFER MRamos 19
Cake Thickness, Lc
CONTINUOUS FILTRATION
CHEP 406: MOMENTUM TRANSFER MRamos 21
Nomenclature:
Pout = atmospheric pressure
Pin = inside operating pressure
d = distance of axis of rotation to
the surface of slurry
r = radius of the drum
N = no. of revolutions per time
θT = total time per cycle
θR= filtration time
CHEP 406: MOMENTUM TRANSFER MRamos 23
Working Equations
CHEP 406: MOMENTUM TRANSFER MRamos 24
Working Equations
Evaluation of the central angle, β:
EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
CHEP 406: MOMENTUM TRANSFER MRamos 26
Problem 1
Problem 2
A plate-and-frame filter press is used to filter a slurry where
pressure drop increases from 2 kPa to 50 kPa producing
10 cubic meter of filtrate after 20 minutes. The 50 kPa
pressure is then maintained constant for 30 minutes.
Determine:
Problem 3
A leaf filter is used for producing a cake that is 65% solids
by volume from a slurry containing 3% solids. The average
particle diameter is 10 microns, and the cake is
compressible (s=0.25). The filter operates at (-
ΔP)=350kPa, building up a cake 2 cm thick. After filtering,
the cake is washed with a volume of water equal to 15% of
the filtrate volume at (-ΔP)=300kPa. The cleaning time is
30 min. What area is required for the press to produce
2500 kg of wet cake (65% solids by volume) per day. The
specific gravity of the dry cake is 1.28. For the filtrate:
viscosity=1 cP and density is 1000 kg/m3
CHEP 406: MOMENTUM TRANSFER MRamos 29
Problem 4
A leaf filter with an area of 2 m2 is operated at CPF at
45kPa. 10 m3 of filtrate are delivered in 1 hr forming a
compressible cake (s = 0.25). If the same slurry is used in a
rotary filter where: D = 1 m; L = 5 m; Pin = 40 Kpa, slurry is
30 cm above the axis rotation rate = 2 rpm. How much
filtrate will be delivered?
CHEP 406: MOMENTUM TRANSFER MRamos 30
SEATWORK J
- END -