PSYCHOLOGY FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE

1. In its early years, psychology focused on the study of _____, but from the 1920s into
the 1960s, American psychologists emphasized the study of ____.
A. environmental influences; hereditary influences
B. maladaptive behavior; adaptive behavior
C. unconscious motives; conscious thoughts and feelings
D. mental life; observable behavior

2. The young science of psychology developed from the more established fields of
philosophy and
A. economics
B. biology
C. geography
D. sociology

3. Janna has low self-esteem because she is often teased for being overweight.
Appreciating -the complexity of Janna’s difficulties requires
A. introspection
B. psychoanalysis
C. massed practice
D. a biopsychosocial approach

4. Professor Crisman believes that most women prefer tall and physically strong
partners because this preference promoted the survival of our ancestors’ genes. This
viewpoint best illustrates the __ perspective.
A. social-cultural
B. cognitive
C. evolutionary
D. psychodynamic

5. Professor Lopez believes that severe depression results primarily from an

imbalanced diet and abnormal brain chemistry. Professor Lopez favors a ___
perspective on depression.
A. neuroscience
B. psychodynamic
C. behavior genetics
D. cognitive

6. Efforts to discover whether the intelligence of children is more heavily influenced by

their biology or by their home environments are most directly relevant to the debate
regarding
A. structuralism vs. functionalism
B. evolution vs. natural selection
C. observation vs. introspection
D. nature vs. nurture

7. Contemporary psychology is best defined as the science of

A. conscious and unconscious mental activity
B. observable responses to the environment
C. behavior and mental processes
D. maladaptive and adaptive behaviors

8. Humanistic psychologists focused attention on the importance of people’s

A. childhood memories
B. genetic predispositions
C. unconscious thought processes
D. potential for healthy growth

9. The first psychology laboratory was established by ___ in the year ____.
A. Wundt; 1879
B. James; 1890
C. Freud; 1900
D. Watson; 1913

10. Lissette wonders whether personality differences between her African-American

and Asian-American friends result from biological or cultural influences. In this
instance, Lissette is primarily concerned with the relative contributions of
A. neuroscience and cognition
B. nature and nurture
C. behavior and mental processes
D. conscious and unconscious thoughts

11. The distinctive feature of the psychodynamic perspective is its emphasis on

A. Natural selection
B. Brain chemistry
C. Unconscious conflicts
D. Learned behaviors

12. The perception that psychological research findings merely verify our commonsense
understanding is most clearly facilitated by
A. critical thinking
B. hindsight bias
C. the scientific attitude
D. curious skepticism

13. Psychologists study animals because

A. animal behavior is just as complex as human behavior
B. experiments on people are generally considered to be unethical
C. the ethical treatment of animals is not mandated by professional guidelines
D. similar processes often underlie animal and human behavior

14. The enduring traditions, attitudes, and behaviors shared by a large group of people
constitutes their
A. culture
B. normal curve
C. wording effects
D. schemas

15. Three key attitudes of scientific inquiry are

A. pride, enthusiasm, and ingenuity
B. ingenuity, practicality, and certainty
C. certainty, creativity, and curiosity
D. curiosity, skepticism, and humility

16. Psychological differences between the genders are

A. of little interest to contemporary psychologists
B. simply reflections of biological differences between the sexes
C. no longer evident in contemporary Western societies
D. far outweighed by gender similarities

17. A questioning attitude regarding psychologists’ assumptions and hidden values best
illustrates
A. experimentation
B. critical thinking
C. hindsight bias
D. overconfidence

18. The first major issue that emerges in debates over experimenting on animals centers
around the
A. usefulness of studying biological processes in animals
B. ethics of placing the well-being of humans above that of animals
C. obligation to treat information about individual animals with confidentiality
D. needs to obtain the informed consent of animals used in research

19. To understand the unusual behavior of an adult client, a clinical psychologist

carefully investigates the client’s current life situation and his physical, social-cultural,
and educational history. Which research method has the psychologist used?
A. the survey
B. the case study
C. experimentation
D. naturalistic observation

20. Surveys indicate that people are much less likely to support “welfare” than “aid to
the needy.” These somewhat paradoxical survey results best illustrate the importance of
A. random sampling
B. wording effects
C. the placebo effect
D. naturalistic observation

ECONOMY OF PAKISTAN

1. The major government policies that can be used to pursue its macroeconomic goals
are
(A) fiscal policy and debt policy
(B) fiscal policy and monetary policy
(C) fiscal policy, debt policy and monetary policy
(D) fiscal policy, monetary policy and subsidies

2. The government’s fiscal policy denotes the use of government’s

(A) taxes and expenditure
(B) consumption and investment
(C) taxes and revenue
(D) consumption and expenditure

3. Three main drivers of economic growth are

(A) consumption, investment and employment
(B) savings, investment and debt
(C) revenue, expenditure and savings
(D) consumption, investment and savings
4. Pakistani society like other developing countries has
(A) low marginal propensity to consume
(B) high marginal propensity to consume
(C) high marginal propensity to invest
(D) high employment

5. The total area of Pakistan is __________ km².

(A) 696,095
(B) 796,095
(C) 896,095
(D) 996,095

6. In terms of population, Pakistan is __________ largest country in the world.

(A) fourth
(B) fifth
(C) sixth
(D) seventh

7. According to the recently held census, the total population of Pakistan is

(A) 200.77 million
(B) 207.77 million
(C) 210.77 million
(D) 217.77 million

8. The total GDP of Pakistan in nominal terms is about __________ billion.

(A) $304.4
(B) $314.4
(C) $324.4
(D) $334.4

9. The GDP growth rate in the financial year 2017-18 was recorded as
(A) 4.59%
(B) 4.99%
(C) 5.39%
(D) 5.79%

10. The per capita income in Pakistan is

(A) $1441
(B) $1541
(C) $1641
(D) $1741
11. The three main sectors of Pakistan economy are
(A) agriculture, industry and manufacturing
(B) agriculture, industry and transport
(C) agriculture, education and industry
(D) agriculture, industry and services

12. What sector provides the largest employment in Pakistan?

(A) agriculture
(B) industry
(C) services
(D) manufacturing

13. Which sector is the major source of tax revenues for the government?
(A) agriculture
(B) industry
(C) services
(D) manufacturing

14. What sector is the largest contributor to the GDP?

(A) agriculture
(B) industry
(C) services
(D) manufacturing

15. The recent census was held in 2017, the last census was held in the year
(A) 1998
(B) 2000
(C) 2002
(D) 2004

16. The current inflation rate in Pakistan is about

(A) 3.24%
(B) 3.78%
(C) 4.24%
(D) 4.78%

17. The current unemployment rate in Pakistan is about

(A) 3.9%
(B) 4.9%
(C) 5.9%
(D) 6.9%
18. As of December 2017 the total government debt were stood at
(A) Rs.20,820 billion
(B) Rs.22,820 billion
(C) Rs.24,820 billion
(D) Rs.26,820 billion

19. The most important sub-sector of the industrial sector is

(A) construction
(B) transport
(C) real estate
(D) manufacturing

20. The share of manufacturing sub-sector in the overall industrial sector is

(A) 52.71%
(B) 58.71%
(C) 64.71%
(D) 70.71%

ANSWERS: PAKISTAN ECONOMY MCQS

1(B) 2(A) 3(D) 4(B) 5(B) 6(C) 7(B) 8(A) 9(D) 10(C)11(D) 12(A) 13(B) 14(C) 15(A)
16(B) 17(C) 18(B) 19(D) 20(C)