Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Presented
P t d att the
th Sulfur
S lf Unit
U it S
Safety
f t Seminar
S i
April 14-16, 2010 – League City, TX
Overview
• Introduction
• Methods
– Sweep vapor space
– Sparge molten sulfur
• Safety Considerations
– Air vs Nitrogen
g
– H2S Concentrations Concerns
• Personnel Safety
• Explosive Risks
• Case Study
2
Merichem Chemicals & Refinery Services
Questions to Start
• What is my goal?
– Sulfur purification
– Safe vent handling only
3
Merichem Chemicals & Refinery Services
4
Merichem Chemicals & Refinery Services
Sweeping Options
• Balancing Safety and Process
Requirements
– Air- safe choice
– Nitrogen-
g often better p
process choice,, but
presents several challenges
• FeS formation- need procedures for maintenance
to p
prevent auto-ignition
g of py
pyrophoric
p FeS when
tanks open to air
• Nitrogen blanketing results in high H2S in vapor
space
– Blowers vs. eductors for ventilating tank or pit
5
Merichem Chemicals & Refinery Services
Sparging Options
• Pit or tank design
– Design for pressure, or have “push-pull”
g
configuration for sparge
g air
• Sparge
p g air requirements
q
– Sufficient air for stripping contaminants
from sulfur
– Balance with air requirements for H2S
concentration control
6
Merichem Chemicals & Refinery Services
7
Merichem Chemicals & Refinery Services
8
Merichem Chemicals & Refinery Services
Vent Handling
• Selection of System
System- Process Type
– Destruction/ Conversion of H2S
– H2S Recycle
– H2S Removal
• Sizing of System
– Flow limitations
– H2S concentration limitations
9
Merichem Chemicals & Refinery Services
Vent Handling
• Destruction/ Conversion of H2S
– Thermal or Catalytic incineration
– Flare
10
Merichem Chemicals & Refinery Services
Vent Handling
• H2S Recycle
– Most often used where existing Claus plant
present, and capacityy available for
additional gas flow
– Often reason for using nitrogen as
blanketing gas-
gas to minimize air recycle
11
Merichem Chemicals & Refinery Services
Vent Handling
• H2S Removal
– Regenerable vs Non-regenerable
((scavenger)
g ) process
• Calculated H2S load < 200 lbs/ day-
scavenger
• > 200 lb/ day H2S load
load- regenerable
process most economical
• Higher capital cost of regenerable process
offset by significantly lower operating costs
( $0.15-0.20/ lb vs $5-10/ lb H2S removed)
12
Merichem Chemicals & Refinery Services
13
Merichem Chemicals & Refinery Services
14
Merichem Chemicals & Refinery Services
What is LO
LO-CAT?
CAT?
• LO-CAT is a regenerative
g desulfurization
process used to sweeten sour gas streams in
a wide variety of industries
LO-CAT
Liquid Oxidation Catalyst
15
Merichem Chemicals & Refinery Services
How does LO
LO-CAT
CAT Work?
• Aqueous-based, ambient temperature process
• 100% turndown
• Th
There are no known
k poisons
i to
t the
th LO-CAT
LO CAT catalyst!
t l t!
16
Merichem Chemicals & Refinery Services
Regenerated
Solution Solution
Regeneration Liquid
Sweet Solids
Filtrate
T t d Gas
Treated G Separation
Filtration
Solids
Sulfur
Conttacting
Slurry
Gas
Ai
Air
G
Filtered
Reduced Sulfur
Solution
and
Water
Sour
Gas 17
Merichem Chemicals & Refinery Services
18
Merichem Chemicals & Refinery Services
Industries served by
y LO-CAT®
LO-CAT® will treat any gas stream that requires H2S removal.
– Oil Refineries
• Fuel Gas
• Amine Acid Gas
• Sour Water Stripper offgas
• HDS Recycle Gas
• Molten Sulfur Storage Ventilation
– Associated Gas from oil production
– Natural Gas Processing Plants
– Syngas from gasification processes
• Coal and waste gasification syngas feeds
• Fuel and chemical feedstock products
– Biogas from municipal/ industrial sludge digesters
– L dfill G
Landfill Gas
– Non-Condensable Gas from geothermal power plants
– Coke Oven Gas
– Specialty Chemical Plants off-gases
– WWTP (digesters/odor control)
– Sour Air
19
Merichem Chemicals & Refinery Services
Thank You
• Tony Barnette- Technology Manager
Gas Technology Products Division of Merichem Chemicals
and Refinery Services LLC
– tbarnette@merichem.com
20