12A GRAMMAR past perfect

e Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use the past simple and past perfect.

1 When they [JQ1 (get) to the station the train had already left (already leave).
2 She (be) very cold because she (not take) her coat.
3 The printer (not work) because he (not turn it on).
4 I (not can) take a photo of the crocodile because I (forget)
to charge the battery.
5 They _ __ __ _ _ (never fly) before and they _ _ __ __ _ (be) very nervous.
6 When he _ __ __ _ _ (arrive) at the pool he realized he _ _ __ _ _ _ (not bring)
his swimsuit.
7 She _ _ _ _ __ _ (just have) dinner, so she _ _ _ _ __ _ (not be) hungry.
8 She (have to) pay again because she (lose) her ticket.
9 The waitress (run) after him because he (not pay) the bill.
10 The fire engine (arrive) after the fire (go out).
11 They (can) speak French because they (learn) it at school.
12 She (be) tired because she (be) in the queue all night.

activation
G Cover the sentences. Look at the pictures and remember the sentences.

G Continue these sentences with the past perfect.

I didn't recoBnize him because ...
My father was really anBry because ...
When I Bot to school today I realized that . ..

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128 GRAMMAR reported speech
• Change the direct speech to reported speech.

1 She said that she couldn't see an)'.thing. 5 She said that
2 He told her that 6 He told his wife that
3 He told his father that 7 He told her that
4 The man said that 8 She said that

e Change the reported speech to direct speech.

1 She said that she wasn't very hungry. 5 He told the instructor that he couldn't swim.
( I'm not ver)'. hungry'
2 The nurse told the man that it wouldn't 6 He told her that he would always love her.
hurt.
7 They said that they wanted to check out.
3 He told the police that it was his mother's car.
8 He told the woman that he didn't speak
4 She said that she had finished her English.
homework.

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12C GRAMMAR questions with and without auxiliaries
«) Make questions using the present simple or past simple. Then~he correct answer.

1 Where / polar bears / live

Where do polar bears live? ~ North ~/ the South Pole

2 Who / direct / the f ilm Hugo in 2011

Who directed thefilm HUfJo in 2011? Woody Allen / Martin Scorsese

3 Who / paint / The Scream

? Gustav Klimt / Edvard Munch

4 Where / manga com ics / come from

7 Japan / China

5 Who / invent / the World Wide Web

7 Bill Gates / Tim Berners-Lee

6 Which country / have / a blue and yellow f lag7

? Greece / Sweden

7 When / the Second World War / end

7 1945/1 955

8 Wh ich country / win / t he 2010 World Cup

? Italy / Spain

9 Which superhero f ilm / Christ opher Nolan in 2008 / direct

_ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ ? Elektra / The Dark Knight

10 How many countries / belong to / the United Nat ions

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _? 127/193

11 Who / Tom Cruise in 2006 / marry

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 Katie Holmes / Penelope Cruz

12 Where / people / speak / Yoruba

_ __ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ 7 West Africa / East Africa

activation
G Test your memory. Cover the questions. Look at the answers. Can you remember the questions?

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 12A COMMUNICATIVE Match the sentences
. , Fold the sheet. Read the first halves of sentences 1-14. With a partner, think about how the
sentences might continue. Use the past perfect.
., - ~ ~ ... ~

1 I couldn't find my bike because ... D a I'd already seen the film.

2 I didn't want to go to the cinema

b I'd left my towel at home.
because ... D
3 I didn't recognize Jack at first
c I'd already rung her three times.
because ... D c

4 I couldn't catch the flight

d somebody had stolen it.
because ... D
5 I didn't want to call Jane again
e I hadn't brought my glasses.
because ... D
6 I bought the book because ... D f he'd cut my hair much too short.

7 My phone didn't work because ... D Cl

g I'd left my passport at home.
....J
0
u..
8 I couldn't go swimming because ... D h I'd drunk too much coffee.

9 I had a big argument with my

i my sister had recommended it.
husband last night because ... D
10 I nearly cried when I came out
j I hadn't studied enough.
of the hairdresser's because ... D
,
11 I couldn't sleep because ... D k I hadn't seen him for 30 years.
,
;

l he'~forgotten our wedding

12 I failed the exam because ... D anniversary.

13 I had problems reading the menu

ft%'26\55\:; ... '2J
I m the chef hadn't cooked it enough.
I
I
14

.. -,~.
I couldn't eat the fish because ...

,-
D
.."
l" I'd forgotten to charge it.

-_. -- ~
I ,

• Match the sentence halves.

G Fold the paper vertically and try to remember the second halves of the sentences.

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l1li
 128 COMMUNICATIVE Really? How amazing!
r-----------------------------------------------------------,

I go to work by helicopter.
~-----------------------------------------------------------i
I I

I spoke to the British Prime Minister on Monday.

I

~-----------------------------------------------------------i
I

I'm going to have a baby.

I
~-----------------------------------------------------------i
I I

I'm scared of sheep.

I

~-----------------------------------------------------------i

I don't have a mobile phone.

~-----------------------------------------------------------i
I

I've met Brad Pitt.

I

~-----------------------------------------------------------i
I

I flew to London and back yesterday.

I
~-----------------------------------------------------------i
I

I have a pet crocodile.

I
~-----------------------------------------------------------i

My father is an astronaut.
I

~-----------------------------------------------------------i
I

I've been to Australia three times.

I

~----- - -----------------------------------------------------i

I can speak Chinese, Russian, and Arabic.

I I

~------------------------------- -- ------------- ----- --------i

I

I have 13 brothers and sisters.

~-----------------------------------------------------------i

I've never eaten pizza.

~-----------------------------------------------------------i

I only sleep three hours a night.

I

~-------------------------------------- ---- -----------------~

I
I

I'm going on holiday to Hawaii.

I
~-----------------------------------------------------------~

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 12C COMMUNICATIVE Hollywood quiz
student A
'W-; -'. Whi~h fictional family _ _ _ _ at 742 Eve-rg-re-
en-~err-a-ce? (l~iv~e-
) """'"'-"""'"""""--=="""........,.~......~
I
I
1
2
a) The Simpsons
In which film
a) Star Trek
b) The Griffins c) The Potters
'May the force be with you'? (an actor / say)
b) Back to the Future c) star Wars
3 Which film _ __ _ the most to make in all of Hollywood's history? (cost)
a) King Kong b) Pirates of the Caribbean (at the World's End)
c) Avatar
4 For which film _ _ __ her only Oscar? (Kate Winslet / win)
a) Titanic b) The Reader c) Lost in Translation
5 What _ _ _ _ collecting? (Tom Hanks / like)
a) old cars b) old radios c) old typewriters
6 Who in July 2010? (Miranda Kerr / marry)
a) Johnny Depp b) Orlando Bloom c) Daniel Craig
7 Who _ _ __ Harrison Ford's father in Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade? (play)

j
l~
.. a) Michael Caine b) Michael Douglas c) Sean Connery
8 In which film 'I'm back'? (Arnold Schwarzenegger / say)
a) Terminator 1 b) Terminator 2 c) Terminator 3
. •.. , ' ,,,. • , 4&"",,""', ~~~~=--='""""""~&'

studentB
1 In which country _ _ _ _ The Lord of the Rings trilogy? (Peter Jackson / film)
a) England b) Australia c) New Zealand
2 Which actor in most of Hitchcock's films? (appear)
a) Alfred Hitchcock b) James Stewart c) Cary Grant
3 How much ? (an Oscar / weigh)
a) 25 kilos b) 4 kilos c) 7 kilos
4 Which Harry Potter actor _ _ _ _ in a Halloween episode of The Simpsons? (be)
a) Daniel Radcliffe b) Rupert Grint c) Alan Rickman
5 Which film _ _ _ _ the Oscar for Best Picture in 2011? (win)
a) Precious b) The King's Speech c) Toy Story 3
6 Which actor _ _ _ _ the part of Donkey in the Shrek films? (play)
a) Anton io Banderas b) Mike Myers c) Eddie Murphy
7 In which film _ _ __ the part of a chauffeur's daughter? (Audrey Hepburn / play)
a) Sabrina b) Breakfast at Tiffany's c) Roman Holiday
8 What superpower _ _ _ _ ? (Batman / have)
a) superintelligence b) none c) X-ray vision

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