TECHNICAL COLLEGE ENGINEERING

ENERGY ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Second class 2017-2018
FLUID PRACTICAL

Experiment No.7
The Round Turbulent Jet

Name: Bryar khalel abdullqadr

Name of teacher : Kawar

The date of submission of the report:

16/5/2018
Introduction:
the basic jet theory is explained in detail. An overview on
jet flow is given to understand the basic jet classifications
like free jet, confined jet and isothermal and non-
isothermal jets. The structure and development of a free
jet is explained to bring out the different zones in jet
flow. Later, the factors affecting the jet spread are
discussed in detail to illustrate the physics of jet flow,
Over the past six decades, jets have been the subject of
extensive experimental and analytical research. Circular
and plane jets are used in a variety of applications. Some
of the common applications of jets occur in drying
processes, air curtains for room conditioning, heating
and ventilating applications. In these, parameters like the
jet spread rate and potential core decay play a strong
role in deciding the efficiency of mixing for the process.
Shear layer is the region in which most of the
interactions and mixing between the ambient and jet
fluids take place. Therefore, understanding the fluid
dynamic phenomena in the shear layer during the
downstream evolution of a jet is important.
Objective:
The impingement of a round jet on a flat surface was
studied to examine the wall-effects and characteristics of
the impingement process. The results were compared
with those of a free jet.

Procedure:
This note presents measurements of radial and axial
distributions of mean velocity, turbulent intensities and
kinetic energy as well as radial distributions of the
turbulent shear stress in the initial region of a turbulent
air jet issuing from a long round pipe into still air. The
pipe flow is transformed relatively smoothly into a jet
flow. In the core subregion the mean centre-line velocity
decreases slightly. The first jets being considered are
those penetrating in homogeneous fluids, and the theory
is later extended to consider the effects of a cross-
current and of ambient buoyancy. Puffs, which are
intermittent injections of momentum, are briefly
considered.
Conclusion:

The basic flow characteristics and the terminologies

involved in the jet flow are explained in detail. The
present study focuses on confined isothermal jet for its
further analysis. The half width of the jet and the
centerline velocity decay are taken as major criteria for
the selection of jet in the proposed study. The present
study is not intended to go in depth with the theory of
development of jets. The basic flow characteristics of a
jet flow are used to select different orifice configurations
for getting better air flow pattern in the data centre
environment.
Theory:
Patm of duhok is equal to 950 bar or 95000 N/𝑚2
The air density is can be calculated using the ideal gas law as
follows:
96000
𝜌=287∗(15+273)= 1.14 kg/𝑚3

Ptotal can be measured at of pipe by using fine pitot tube and

manometer as follows;
P1=𝞬water * H
……………….
P1=1\2 𝜌*𝑉 2
………………..
Reynolds number:
Re= V*D\𝜐
…………………
𝑃0 =1\2 𝜌*𝑉 2 0
P=1\2 𝜌*𝑉 2

2𝑃
V=√𝜌
Discussions:
1-At any valve of (x) on the centerline, the velocity is starting to
change along the jet axis?
- Yes .
2-Is the flow velocity increased or decreased as we keeping away
from the tube end?
- Decreased.

3- Find the valve of constant (c ) if you know that it valve can be

estimated from the following equation?
𝑣
- = 0.75
𝑉

X=350
𝑣 𝐶
=
𝑉 𝑋
𝐶
0.75=
350

C=262
4- Estimate the value oijkl ; f Reynolds number Re at each ( X)
value?
𝑉∗𝑂
- Re =
𝑣
5- Find the value of ( r ) and ( x) which makes the velocity ratio
=0.5

𝑣
- =0.439
𝑉0
𝑟 = 30𝑚𝑚
X=150mm