STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS & DESIGN REPORT

OF
FIVE STORIED
PUBLIC BUILDING
Owner : (Mrs. Tika Kumari Khatri)
Baglung Municipality-1, Ramrekha
Baglung

Civil Engineer
Prakash Giri
(NEC Regd No: 9535”A” Civil)

Mangsir, 2072

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

SN. Title

1 Background

2 Salient features of Building

3 Method of Analysis & Design

4 Loading Details/Types of Loads

5 Loading on Structural Model

6 Assumptions

7 Load Combinations

8 Determination of Seismic Load as per NBC

9 Summary of Final Design Outputs

10 Analysis Outputs

11 References

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1. BACKGROUND

Earthquakes are defined as earth’s surface vibrations caused by waves originating from a source
of disturbance in the earth mass. Earthquake is caused by volcanic eruption, slipping of faults i.e.
tectonic activities, big reservoirs, explosion etc.
In case of Nepal, slipping of faults i.e. tectonic activities cause earthquake because there are
number of active faults and thrusts in Nepal. Nepal’s geology is very young and hazardous. Also
it lies in the boundary of two seismically very active tectonic plates of the world i.e. Indian plate
and Tibetan Plate. It is also said that the Indian plate is moving toward the Tibetan Plate, which
cause the slippage of the faults causing the big earthquake. Thus Nepal is very vulnerable with
respect to seismic activities.
Though the time of shaking of earth mass is very small in fraction of seconds, it causes very
severe damages of properties as well as the lives. Nepal has so many experiences about such
destructive earthquakes. Out of them 1990 B.S and 2045 B.S are the recently known ones.
Thus the seismic structural design of structures id found to be very essential for countries like
Nepal. The structures need to be designed and detailed so as to counteract, the internal forces
induced due to the earth mass shaking in base of these structures. The design should ensure the
structure against stability, strength and serviceability with acceptable levels of seismic safety.
However, it would not be economically feasible to design the building so as to ensure that they
remain elastic and damage-free because the occurrence of maximum earthquakes is low say one
75 years. Thus it is reliable to design the ductile structure and not to design damage free structure
but not-collapsible structure for minimum destruction in lives and properties. The design should
ensure the structure against stability, strength and serviceability with acceptable levels of seismic
safety. In brief, the aim of design is the achievement of an acceptable probability that structures
being designed will perform satisfactorily during their intended life. With an appropriate degree
of safety, they should sustain all the loads and deformations of normal construction and use and
have adequate durability and adequate resistance to the effects of misuse and fire. Structural
Analysis of the concerned building has been done in details with analysis and Designs.

Thus the seismic design of the building is done and the brief has been prepared.

This report summarizes the structural analysis and design of Public building of Mrs. Tika
Kumari Khatri” at Baglung Municipality-1, Ramrekha, Baglung . It has planned to utilize the
building as a Public Building purpose.
The analysis and design has been based on the prevailing codes that are in practice in Nepal, the
National Building code of Nepal (105:1994) and the IS code at places if required. This report
consists of the design procedures adopted, the assumptions made, the inputs made in the design
and the design output.

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As per NBC 105: 1994, the seismic zoning of Nepal is as shown in the following Figure 2. Z is
the seismic zoning factor that divides the country into fives zones for the purpose of seismic
design of buildings with the values ranging from 0.8 to 1.1. The assessed buildings are located in
the seismic zoning factor, Z of 1.0 (since western Region). Hence the building is designed with
great consideration towards earthquake resistant practices.
Figure 2: Seismic Zoning Factor

2. SALIENT FEATURES OF BUILDING

Building Type : Public Building

Located at Baglung Municipality-1, Ramrekha.
Structural system : RCC Space frame, ductile moment resisting frame with infill wall
Plinth area covered : 68’-” X 34’-0”
Column : Square size as 305 X 305 mm and 355 X 355 mm
Beam : Rectangular size (Main beams): 230 x 305 mm,
Slab : 130 mm thick two way slab
Type of foundation : ISOLATED FOOTINGS WITH STRAP BEAMS
No. of Storey : FIVE STOREY
Total Height : 12.0 m with stair case cover
Wall : 250 mm & 125mm thick brick masonry (1:5 C/S ratio)

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Probable Partition : Considered in this case as 0.5 KN/m2
Type of Sub-Soil : II (Medium type as per NBC 105)
Bearing Capacity of soil adopted = 180 KN/m2

3. METHOD OF ANALYSIS & DESIGN

The analysis has been carried out with the most popular and reliable structural analysis software
“SAP 2000. V 14.0”All the models are built up in 3-Dimensions and actual 3-D analysis is
performed SAP2000 is based on Finite Element Method. Modulus of elasticity and poison’s ratio
for the materials used are taken accordingly. Beams and columns are modeled as frame (line)
elements with sufficient and appropriate meshing. The section properties used are based on
preliminary section sizing with consideration for deflection, minimum sizing specified and
serviceability.
3.1 Reinforced concrete design
The following materials are adopted for the design of the elements:
1. Concrete Grade: M20 for all structural elements & M15 for foundation concrete.
2. Reinforcement Steel – Fe500
The aim of structural design is the achievement of an acceptable probability that structures being
design will perform satisfactorily during their intended life with an appropriate degree of safety,
they should sustain all the loads and deformations of normal construction and use and have
adequate durability and adequate resistance to the effect of misuse and fire.
Therefore, Limit state method is used for the design of RCC elements. The design is based on IS:
456-2000, SP16, IS: 1893-2002, and Reinforced Concrete Designer’s Handbook are extensively
used in the process of design. Foundation design is carried out to satisfy strength and stability
requirements.

3.2 Detailing:
The space frame is considered as a special moment resisting frame (SMRF) with a special
detailing to provide ductile behavior at every joint between beams and columns and in other parts
to get ductility and comply with the requirements given in IS 13920:1993, Hand book on
Concrete Reinforcement and Detailing SP: 34 and NBC201:1994.

4. LOADING DETAILS/TYPES OF LOADS

a. Dead Load: The Dead load comprises the loads due to the materials used in the construction
and parts or components in a building. It consists of the loads due to structural elements like
beam, column, wall, slab, staircase, etc; finishes applied in the building and some permanent
structures like water tanks etc.

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 b. Loads on Beams supporting Two ways
Slabs:
c. In case of Beams supporting two-way
slabs, the load distribution is trapezoidal
on long beams and triangular on short
beams with base angle of 45▫ as shown
in fig. The ordinates of trapezoidal and
triangular loads=qLx/2.
d.
e. Assessment of unit Dead loads
f. Slab thickness : 130 mm for
floor (5”thk.)
g. Floor Finishing : 50 mm thick
h. Cement concrete : 25 KN/m3
i. Brick work with plaster : 20 KN/m3
j.
Floor finish : 24 KN/m3
k. Probable Partition : Considered in this case as 0.5 KN/m2

l. Imposed Load: The imposed load comprises the loads due to the physical contribution of
people and the loads due to the nature of occupancy, the furniture and other equipments which
are a part of the character of the occupancy. The imposed loads on the structural system are based
on the codal provisions as specified in IS 875(part2)-1987.
Assessment of unit Live loads
Unit Live Load on floors : 2..5 KN/m2 for all floor (Since Public building)
Unit Live Load on Roof : 1.5 KN/m2

c. Lateral Load Calculation: According to NBC105:1994 & IS 1823-2002, Pokhara lies on the
zone 1, V. Hence, the effect of the earthquake is predominant than the wind load. So, the frame is
analyzed for the EQ as lateral load. Since the total height of the structure is less than 40 m,
Seismic Coefficient Method as defined in clause 10.1 NBC 105:1994 is used to calculate
lateral load. Also, since the shape of the building is Unsymmetrical in geometry with three
storey height, also the structure is checked from RESPONSE SPECTRUM METHOD as
per Clause – 7.8.2 as defined in IS 1893-2002(Part-I). Modal Analysis is carried out up to
twelve modes confirming more than 90% seismic mass participation and it is applied for
lateral seismic force distribution generated with IS 1893-2002(Part-II) based spectral
Function for soil type-II.
Using compatible Quadratic combination (CQC) method of modal combinations combines
the deformations and related forced reported.

The Earthquake load has been calculated in accordance with NBC 105:1994 clause 4.0.Two
directional (both +ve and –ve) seismic force has been considered for analysis. For this loading
seismic weight is considered as the total dead load plus approximate amount of specified
imposed load. While computing the seismic weight of each floor, the weight of columns and
walls in any story shall be equally distributed to the floors above and below the story. The
seismic weight of the whole building is the sum of the seismic weights of all the floors. For
calculating the Earthquake loads, no live load is considered for roof and for all other floors live
load is considered only 50 % of floor area: NBC 105:1994, clause 6.0 since LL on the floor and
other area adopted in this case is < 3.0 KN/m2

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 Load Cases considered:
 Self Weights
 DL slab = 3.25 KN/m2
 DL floor finish = 1 KN/m2
 DL of Partition wall
 DL 10” Masonry Wall / DL of 5” wall with considering 30 % openings for doors
& windows.
 DL Seismic Wall (Wall-1) with considering 30 % openings.
 DL of Cantilever Slab
 DL for Stair case
 LL for Stair case
 LL Floor
 LL Roof
 EQ(+X, -X direction)
 EQ(+Y, -Y direction)


5. LOADING ON STRUCTURAL MODEL

The following considerations are made during the loading on the structural model:
 The loads distributed over the area are imposed on area element and that distributed over
length are imposed on line element whenever possible.
 Where such loading is not applicable, equivalent conversion to different loading
distribution is carried to load the model near the real case as far as possible.
 The imposed loading of infill walls are considered(as per architectural dwg.) as
equivalent UDL with 25% to 30% deductions for openings, but the actual modeling of
infill walls as equivalent Struts are not performed. Hence the stiffness of infill walls are
not considered.
 The Plinth Tie – Beams are designed as purely tie members for lateral loads only, not
designed as flexural members as floor beams.
 For simplicity of Structural analysis, Modeling of stair case is not performed & no
landing beam is considered. The DL & LL load of stair case is transferred to the floor
beam as equivalent UDL.
 Seismic loads are considered acting in the horizontal direction (along either of the two
principal directions) and not along the vertical direction, since it is not considered to be
significant.

 The floors diaphragms are assumed to be rigid.

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  Centre-line dimensions are assumed for analysis and design. Preliminary sizes of structural
components are assumed as per Architectural Drawing.

 For analysis purpose, the beams are assumed to be rectangular so as to distribute slightly
larger moment in columns. In practice a beam that fulfils requirement of flanged section
in design, behaves in between a rectangular and a flanged section for moment
distribution.

6. ASSUMPTIONS
The following assumptions are taken into consideration in the seismic resistant analysis and
design of structures:
 Adequate supervision and quality systems are provided during execution of the works.
 Construction is carried out by personnel having the appropriate skill and experience.
 Construction materials and products confirm to the pertinent codes and specifications.
 The structure is adequately maintained.
 The structure is used in accordance with the design brief.
 An earthquake is not likely to occur simultaneously with maximum flood, wind, waves or
tides.
 Resonance as visualized under steady state sinusoidal excitation will not occur, as the
small duration of earthquake is not enough to build up resonance amplitudes. Subsoil
does not considerably settle or slide due to earthquake at the site of structure.

7. LOAD COMBINATIONS

The load combinations are based on NBC105:1994, clause 4.4 for Limit state design method.
The following load combinations are used during analysis:
COMBO 1 : 1.5 DL + 1.5 LL
COMBO 2 : 1.0 DL + 1.3 LL + 1.25 EL (+X, -X)
COMBO 3 : 1.0 DL + 1.3 LL + 1.25 EL (+Y, -Y)
COMBO 4 : 0.9 DL + 1.25 EL (+X, -X)
COMBO 5 : 0.9 DL + 1.25 EL (+Y, -Y)
COMBO 6 : 1.0 DL + 1.25 EL (X, Y)

Where :
DL : Dead Load
LL : Live Load
EL : Earthquake Load

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Storey Drift ratio for all storied are checked as defined in clause 7.11.2, IS 1893-2002.It is found
that storey drift ratio for all stories are within permissible limit 0.004. OK.

9. SUMMARY OF FINAL DESIGN OUTPUTS

Section of columns & Reinforcement Details

Up to Ground & 1st For 2nd to 5th
Columns Lateral ties
Floors floor only
4– 20 dia. bars 8 mm dia. 4-
Column C1 8-16 dia. bars
4-16 dia. bars legged lateral
(385 X 385 mm)
ties @100 mm
& 150mm c/c
at ends & mid
height

Section of Floor Beams & Reinforcement details (For All Floors)

Re-Bars at Support Re-Bars at Mid Span

Floor Beams
Top Bottom Top Bottom

B1
2-16 dia. Bars 2-16 dia. Bars
250 x 385 4-16 dia. Bars 2-16 dia.bar
2-12 dia. bar 2-12 dia. bar
mm
8 mm dia. vertical
8 mm dia. vertical stirrups@100mm
Vertical stirrups@150mm c/c at mid
c/c upto L/4 from end of support
stirrups span

Design of Structural Members

All the structural members have been designed for the critical values as obtained from above load
combinations. The limit state method has been adopted for designing structural members
referring SP – 16, SP-34, IS 456- 2000 & IS 13920 – 1993.

Foundation design is carried out to satisfy strength and stability requirements.

For Columns on the Property lines, STRAP BEAMS are provided with Isolated Footings
designed.
(Refer Structural drwgs as provided)
Reinforcements for floor slab: Thickness of slab = 130 mm
Along Short Span: 8 mm dia. bars@ 120 mm c/c with extra cut pieces upto L/3 from
supports.
Along Long Span: 8 mm dia. bars@ 150 mm c/c with extra cut pieces upto L/3 from
supports.
For all other details, Refer submitted Structural Drawing

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For all details, Refer submitted Structural Drawing

It is recommended that the mix design of concrete should be carried out to conform the desired
strength as per IS 456-2000.

Note: The site supervisions & quality test of the different constructions
materials of the proposed building do not undertaken by the structural
engineer(herein the Designer). Hence any failure or error occurred with the
building due to the non – implementation of the recommendations made in
this report and structural dwg. Or due to improper construction will not be
the responsibility of the Structural Engineer.
Also,the structural analysis has been completed on the assumptions that the
proposed building shall be constructed under the proper supervisions of
skilled technical person.

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REFERENCES

1) Jain, A.K- R.C.C Limit State Design, Nem Chand & Bros, Roorkee, 1990
2) Shah & Kale- R.C.C Design, Macmillan India Limited
3) Ashok k. Jain- Advanced Structural Analysis, Nem Chand & Bros, Roorkee, 1990
4) S.S. Bhavikati-Structural Analysis- II, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
5) V.N. Vazirani- Analysis of Structures-II, Khanna Publishers
6) S. Ramamrutham-Theory of Structures, Dhanpat Rai Publishing Company

Codes
1) I.S. 456-2000 -Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete
2) I S. 456-1978 -Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete ( S.P.-16 )
3) S.P.34-1987 - Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement and Detailing
4) I S 1893-2003 -Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design Structure
5) NBC 105:1994, Seismic Design of Building in Nepal
6) NBC 1994 FOR Ductile Detailing for RCC Structures Subjected to Seismic Forces
7) I S 13920-1993 -Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures subjected to
Seismic forces
8) I S 875-1987 -Code of practice for Design Loads for Buildings and Structures
Part 1- Dead Loads
Part 2- Imposed Loads

Civil Engineer
Prakash Giri
(Bachelor in Civil Engineering)
(NEC Regd No:9535”A” Civil)

Present Status : Civil Engineer at Neptune Engineering Consultancy Firm

Head Office, Baglung

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