1% ua 12 n3 na us 12 wm 122 123 14 126 127 128 2 133 Puraleh-Axis Toeorem Monsert of Inertia Calculations ‘Summary/Key Terms ralgedovery gees DYNAMICS OF ROTATIONAL MOTION 316 ‘Torque n ‘Torque and Angular Accelertion for a Rigid Body 319 Rigid Body Rotation About a Moving Axis ‘Work and Power in Rosational Motion ‘Angular Momentus ‘Conservation of Angular Momentus Gyroscope and Precemioe SummaryKey Terms (Questions/Exercisey Problems Seeeeee EQUILIBRIUM AND ELASTICITY 354 ‘Conditions for Equiibsiuns Center of Gravity ‘Solving Rigid-Body Equilibrium Problems ‘Stross Stain, and Elastic Modi Blastcity and Plasticity ‘Summary/Key Temas (QuestionyExercisewProblerss SSB88G8 GRAVITATION [Newtoa's Law of Ceavitation Weigke Geavistionsl Potctal Energy “The Motion of Sstelites ‘Kepler's Laws und the Motion of Planets ‘Spherical Mass Distributions ‘Apparcot Weight and the East's Rotation Black Files Sumamary/Key Terms Question /Exercise/Problers pegsegeges & PERIODIC MOTION au ‘Describing Oscillation a. ‘Simple Harmonic Motion a Energy in Single Harmonic Motion ‘Applications of Simple Harmonic Motion ? RERERBAS 14 14h 42 183 163 46 FLUID MECHANICS Decwity Pressure in a Fluid Fisid Flow ‘Bemoull’s Equation WAVES/ACOUSTICS 5 1s 182 133 134 1s. 156 1s 188 16 164 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169, ‘MECHANICAL WAVES. “Types of Mechanical Waves Perea Waves ‘Mathematical Description of « Wave Speed of a Transverse Wave SOUND AND HEARING ‘Sound Waves ‘Speed af Sound Waves ‘Sound Intensity ‘Standing Sound Waves and Normal Modes ‘Resonance and Soand ntecerence of Waves Beas “The Doppler Ect ‘Shock Waves ‘Sumumary/Key Terms ‘Questions/Ezercses/Problems THERMODYNAMICS 17 ma 72 73 14 7s 16 ma ‘TEMPERATURE AND HEAT gggeReae & seg sggee & 316 esgugegsege § g Be5282 gSEARS AND ZEMANSKY'S UNIVERSITY PHYSICS 127 EDITION WITH MODERN PHYSICS HUGH D. YOUNG CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY ROGER A. FREEDMAN UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SANTA BARBARA CONTRIBUTING AUTHOR A. LEWIS FORD TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY582 CHAPTER 17 Teper nd Hea ERS Steny-state heat ow eto con ucsen iaauifer ro. on “Table 15 Thermal Conductvies k(nfm-m) sa 10 as a7 3 80 m2 quiet en tepATEyLY i ‘The three mechanisms of heat transfer are conduction, coavection, and radia- tion. Conduction cceurs within a body or between two bodies in contact. (Convection depends on motion of mass from one region of space to another. Radiation is het transfer by electromagnetic radiation, such as sunshine, with mo ‘need for matter 10 De present inthe space beeween bodies. Conduction 1 you hold one ond cf « copper rod and place the other end in «flame, the end you ar holding ets hot and hier, eventhough itis not in ect contact with ithe flame, Heat reaches the cooler end by conduction through the material, On {he atomic eel, the atoms inthe hrter regions have more Kine energy, onthe average, than their coler mighbor. They jotle this neighbors, giving thera sve of ther energy. The meighbor jee her neighbors, en 0 on tho the reateril. The storm themselves do not move fom one rgion of material to nother, at the ergy coes. ‘Mest metas also use anche, more fective mechanise to condact hea, ‘within the mes, some electrons can leave thelr parent stoms and wander through the rata latice, These “fee” eleczons can idly cary energy from ‘the botter to the cooler regions of the metal, so metals are generally good conduc. tors of heat A metal ro at 20°C feck coder than a piece of wood at 20°C ‘becuse eat can low more easly from yeu and into the metal. Te presence of “iro” electrons also eases ment atls to be good electrical conductors. eat uanser occurs only bexwoen regions Cat are at different temperate, ‘and the direction of heat Bow is always from higher to lower temperature. Figure 17.23ushows «rod of ecndbcting material wit eros sectional ares A aad length 1. The left end of the rod ix kept ut « temperature 7, and the right end st Jower temperature Tz, 0 heat fows from left wo right, The sides of the rod are covered by an ideal insulator, so no heat trarsfer occurs ut the sides. ‘When a ‘of heat dQ is transferred through the od in atime di, the rate of beat flow is dQ]. We call hs rate the heat current denoted by H. That is 11 ~ doa. Expesimens show that the heat eure is proportional w the rose sectional aren A of the rod (Fig. 17.236) and to the temperature difference (Tig Te) and is inversely proptona other eng £ (Pg. 17.23) Iaco- ducing a proportionality constant k called the thermal conductivity of the mate- ‘ial, we have ‘The quantity (Ty ~ Te)/L is the terperatue eifterence per unit length: itis ‘called the magnitude of the temperature gradient. The numerics! valve of k ‘depends om the material of the rod. Materials with large k are pod conductors of ‘heat; materials with small are poor conductors of insulators. Equation (17.21) also gives the heat current through aslab or through any homagencous body with tier cross section A perpendicular tothe direction of flow; Lis the length of ‘he beat-ow path. ‘The units of heat Curent H are units of energy per time, ox power; the SI unit (of eat current is the watt (1 W = 1 J/s). We can find the units of K by solving Fg (1721) fork; you can show thatthe ST unis see W/mK. Sorse numerical vanes of kare given in Tbie 175. ‘The thermal conductivity of “dead” (hati, nonmoving aris very seul. A wool sweater eps you warm because it aps air berween the fiber. In fat,