III.

EMPLOYER-EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIP

A. Four Fold Test

1. Republic of the Philippines vs SSS GR

No. 172101 November 23, 2007
2. Great Pacific Life Assurance Corp vs
NLRC 187 SCRA 694 (1990)

B. Economic Reality Test

1. Orozco vs CA and Philippine Daily
Inquirer GR No. 155207 (2008), 562
SCRA 36 (2008)

C. Other forms of relationship

1. Independent Contractor /Job

Contractors
a. DO No. 18-A
b. Insular Life Assurance Co Ltd vs
NLRC GR No. 84484 (1989);
179 SCRA 459 (1989)
c. Singer Sewing Machine vs Drilon
193 SCRA270 (1991)
d. Besa vs Trajano 146 SCRA 501
(1986)
e. Sonza vs ABS CBN GR No.
138051 (2004) 431 SCRA 583
(2004)
f. Ushio Marketing vs NLRC GR No.
124551, August 28, 1998

IV. Categories and Classifications of employment

and workers

A. Regular employment
1. Article 280 (294), Labor Code
2. De Leon vs. NLRC 176 SCRA 615 (1989)
3. Magsalin vs. NOWM, GR No. 148492, May
9, 2003

B. Casual Employment
1. Kimberly Independent Labor Union vs.
Drilon 185 SCRA 190 (1990)
2. Capule vs. NLRC 191 SCRA 374 (1990)
3. Caro vs. Rilloraza 102 Phil 70
C. Seasonal Employment
1. Hacienda Fatima Inc. vs. National
Federation of Sugar Cane Workers, GR No.
149440, January 28, 2003
2. Gaco vs. NLRC 230 SCRA 260 (1994)
3. Gapayao vs. Fulo & SSS GR No. 193493, 13
June 2013

D. Project Employment
1. Policy Instruction No. 20
2. ALU – TUCP vs. NLRC 234 SCRA 678
(1994)
3. Ricardo Fernandez vs. NLRC 230 SCRA 460
(1994)
4. DM Consunji vs. Jamin GR No. 192514, 18
April 2012
5. Aurora Land Projects Corp vs. NLRC 266
SCRA 48
6. De Ocampo Jr. vs. NLRC 186 SCRA 360
(1990)

E. Contractual employees/ Fixed period

employment
1. Brent School vs. Zamora 181 SCRA 702
(1990)
2. Millares vs. NLRC 385 SCRA 306 (2002)
3. Phil. Village Hotel vs. NLRC 230 SCRA 423
(1994)
4. Medenilla vs. Phil. Veterans Bank 328 SCRA
1 (2000)

F. Probationary employment
1. Article 281 (295)
2. International Catholic Migration
Commission vs. NLRC 169 SCRA 606
(1989)
3. Mariwasa vs. Loegardo 169 SCRA 465
4. Ver Buiser vs. Leogardo & General Tel.
Directory Co. 131 SCRA 152 (1984)
5. Holiday Inn Manila vs. NLRC 226 SCRA 417
(1993)
6. A.M Oreta vs. NLRC 176 SCRA 218 (1989)
7. Euro. Linea Phil vs. NLRC & Cruz 156 SCRA
78 (1987)
8. Phil Daily Inquirer vs. Magtibay 528 SCRA
355 (2007)
 9. Mercado vs. AMA Computer College 618
SCRA 218 (2010)

G. Apprentices/Learners
1. Title II Chapter I Book II Labor Code
2. Filamer Christian Institute vs Court of
Appeals, GR No. 75112, October 16, 1990

H. Handicapped workers
1. RA 7277
2. Bernardo vs. NLRC & Far East Bank GR
No. 122917, July 12, 1999

I Women employees
1. Chapter 1, Title III, Book III Labor Code
and Implementing Rules, Articles 132 to
138

J Minor employees
1. Chapter 2, Title III, Book III Labor Code
and Implementing Rules

K. Managerial employees
Article 212 (m), Book V, Title 1 Labor Code
Rule I, Book III, Implementing Rules, Section
2 (b & c)
Rule I, Book V, Section 1 (hh) Implementing
Rules

L. Supervisory employees
Rule I, Book III, Section 2 (c) Implementing
Rules
Rule I, Book V, Section 1 (xx) Implementing
Rules

M. Confidential employees
Tunay na pagkakaisa ng Manggagawa sa Asia
Brewery vs Asia Brewery, GR No. 162025,
August 3, 2010 - Carla
Metrolab Industries vs Roldan Confesor GR
No.108855, Feb 28, 1996
San Miguel Corp Supervisors and Exempt
Union vs Laguesma GR 110399 August 15,
1997

N. Field personnel
 Rule I, Book III, Section 2 (f), Implementing
Rules

O. Domestic workers
RA 10361 and Implementing Rules

P. OFWs

V. Labor Standards

A. Hours of work

1. Coverage/Exclusions (Art. 82, Labor Code)

2. Normal hours of work (Article 83, Labor Code)
a. Compressed work week (DOLE Advisory No 02-04)
b. Work week
c. work day
d. cases:
1. San Juan de Dios Hospital Employees Association
vs NLRC 282 SCRA 316 (1997)
2. Legend Manila vs Realuyo 677 SCRA 10 (2012) –
Carla
3. Worked Hours
a. Article 84 Labor Code; see also Implementing Rules of the
Labor Code
b. Meal Break (Article 85, Labor Code)
c. Waiting time/on call/travel time
d. lectures, meeting and training programs
e. cases:
1. PRISCO vs CIR Gr No. L-13806, May 23, 1960
2. Teofilo Arica et al. v. NLRC, STANFILCO, et al.; GR
78210 (1989)
3. Hilario Rada v. NLRC and Philnor Consultants and
Planners, Inc.; GR 96078 (1992)
4. PAL v. NLRC, LA Romulus Protacio and Dr. Herminio
Fabros; GR 132805 (1999)
5. Sime Darby Pilipinas vs NLRC GR No. 119205, April
15, 1998

4. Overtime work, overtime pay (Article 87, 88, Labor Code,

Implementing Rules)
1.Bisig ng Manggagawa vs PRC 107 SCRA 677(1981)
2. PASUDECO vs CIR 114 SCRA 725 (1982)
3. EEI vs Minister of Labor 138 SCRA 616 (1985)
4. Manila railroad vs CIR Gr 4614 July 31, 1952

5. Night Shift differential (Article 86 Labor Code; implementing

Rules)

6. Night work (R.A. No. 10151) Articles 154 to 161 Labor Code;
 Implementing Rules; Department Order119-12

7. Part-time work/broken time/work interruptions

1. Policy Instruction No. 36
2. NDC vs CIR 6 SCRA 763 (1962); GR no. L-15422

8. Contract for piece work (Article 1713 to 1731 Civil Code of the
Phil.)

B. Wages

1. Wage vs. salary (Article 97(f) Labor Code

a. Gaa vs Court of Appeals 140 SCRA 304 (1985)

2. Minimum wage defined, Minimum wage setting

a. Article 99 Labor Code, Chapter V, Book III Labor Code

3. Minimum wage of different classes of workers

a) Workers paid by results (Article 101 Labor Code;
Implementing Rules)
b) Apprentices (Article 61, 62 Labor Code)
c) Learners (Article 75 Labor Code)
d) Persons with disability (RA 7277, Magna Carta for the
Disabled)

4. Allowance
a. Planters Products vs NLRC Gr.78524 January 20, 1989

5. Commissions
1. Songco vs NLRC GR No. 50999, March 23, 1990
2. Soriano vs NLRC 155 SCRA 124

6. Bonus
a. Protacio vs Laya Mananghaya GR No. 168654 (2009)
7. Deductions from wages
1. Article 113 and 114 Labor Code; implementing rules;
2. Commando Security vs NLRC 211 SCRA 645 (1992)
3. Apocada vs NLRC 172 SCRA 442 (1989)
4. Genesis Transport Services vs Unyon ng Malayang
Mangagawa GR No. 182114, april 5, 2010;

8. Facilities vs. supplements

a. Book III, Rule VII Impelementing Rules
b. Millares vs NLRC 305 SCRA 500 (1999), GR No. 122827
c. Mabeza vs NLRC GR No. 118506 April 18, 1997

9. Wage Distortion/Rectification
a. Article 124 Labor Code, and Implementing Rules
b. Prubankers Association vs Prudential Bank Gr. No. 131247;
302 SCRA 74 (1999)
 c. Metrobank vs NLRC GR No. 102636 September 10, 1993
d. Bankards Employees vs NLRC GR No. 140689 Feb. 17, 2004
10. Divisor to determine daily rate
a. Odango vs nlrc gr no 147420 June 10, 2004
b. Mantrade/FMMC Division Employees and Workers Union v.
Arbitrator Bacungan and Mantrade; GR L-48437 (1986)

c. Jose Rizal College v. NLRC and National Alliance of Teachers /

Office Workers; GR L-65482 (1987)

11. Non-Diminution of benefits (Article 100, Labor Code)

a. Vergara vs Coca Cola Bottlers GR No. 176985, April 1, 2013

C. Rest Periods (Chapter 11, Title 1, Book III. Read also the implementing
Rules)
1. Weekly rest day
2. Emergency rest day work

D. Holiday pay/Premium pay (Chapter 111, Title 1, Book III. Read also
the implementing Rules)
1. Coverage, exclusions
2. Teachers, piece workers, takay, seasonal workers, seafarers

E. Leaves
1. Service Incentive Leave
2. Maternity Leave
3. Paternity Leave
4. Parental Leave (R.A. No. 8972)
5. Leave for Victims of Violence against Women and Children (R.A. No.
9262)
6. Special leave benefit for women

F. Service Charge (Article 96, Labor Code; Implementing Rules)

G. Thirteenth Month Pay

a. Framanlis vs Minister of Labor 171 SCRA 87 (1989)

b. Philippine Duplicators vs NLRC 241 SCRA 380 (1995)