AEROSPACE

http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

MAE 2: Introduction to Aerospace Engineering

Class Design Project – Balloon-Sat

Purpose / Goals:
First-year aerospace engineering students work in teams to
design, build, and fly multi-disciplinary payload experiments on
balloon satellites to near-space. Students gain real-world
engineering experience developing and assembling sub-systems
on space flight critical systems.

Instructors: John B. Kosmatka & Keiko Nomura

Fall, 2008

Fall, 2008 1
AEROSPACE
The Mission Plan
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

4 On-Board Payloads:

(1) Atmospheric Sensors: measure pressure,

temperature, humidity, wind velocity, time,
radiation, magnetic field, UVa, and UVb with
altitude.

(2) Solar-Cell Efficiency with Altitude.

(3) UCSD Astronauts: Environmental chambers

containing cockroaches, water-bears, and
planeria.

(4) Horizontal and Vertical Cameras:

continuous shots every 30 seconds

Fall, 2008 2
 Twenty-Two Students in Six Sub-Teams
AEROSPACE
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

Team Student
Farah Ahmed
Atmospheric David Hernandez-Ibarra
Sensors Peter Reed
Drew Tobias

David Gross
Solar Cell
Pranay Sangani
Evaluation Josiah White

Ty Lee
UCSD
Ryotaro Shimizu
Astronauts Kimberly Tomasino

Joseph Dillon
Onboard
Sarah Lohman
Camera Ronald Jeter

Benjamin Bancroft
Casey Barrett
Structure and
Denise Choi
Test Randall Hughes
Project Advisor: John Kosmatka Hyung Jin O

TA’s: Andrew Cavender and Zach Lovering

Owen Eigenbrot
Launch Integrators: Strato-Star Mission Mitchell Nihonyanagi
Flight-Day Field Assistant: Joel Kosmatka Control Christopher Schmidt
Kwok Yuen
Sponsor: California Space Grant (Tehseen Lazzouni)
Fall, 2008 3
AEROSPACE
Project Construction
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

Fall, 2008 4
AEROSPACE
Project Construction
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

Payload Bay Heaters

Standard atmosphere models show linear cooling to
(-70 oF) at stratosphere edge, then constant
temperature (-70 oF) isothermal layer, followed by
linear heating above 82,000 feet.

Payload heaters are required to warm sensors,

cameras, and some astronaut capsules. Options:
• Chemical (disposable vs reusable)
• Electronic (long-lead development)

Reusable 130-degree heating

Air-activated seven hours
of heating at 135 - 156 oF.
(REI). Unknown
Performance in space
(no air, vaccuum).
Fall, 2008
in 15 seconds. One hour.
Reuse by boiling in water for
six minutes (REI). UCSD
tests show no leakage in
space vaccuum.
5
 Atmospheric Sensors and Solar Cell Efficiency
AEROSPACE
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

• Temperature • Radiation (Geiger Counter)

• Pressure and Humidity • Solar Cell Evaluation
• Wind Velocity
• Time
Fall, 2008 Installed chemical reusable hand-warmers to protect electronics 6
AEROSPACE
UCSD Astronauts
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

Cockroaches & Planaria & Water-Bears

environment earth near-space

0.286” Altitude (feet) 0 85,000
Temperature (oF) 90 -40
Pressure (psi) 14.7 0.334
Radiation low high

Fall, 2008 Installed chemical reusable hand-warmers in some bug capsules 7

AEROSPACE
On-Board Cameras
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

Top and Side Cameras

• Continuous Photo Shoot at
30-second intervals
• Installed reusable chemical
hand-warmers to heat
camera bodies
Fall, 2008 8
AEROSPACE
Launch Day (12/06/2008)
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

Salton
Sea

Plaster City, California

Fall, 2008 9
AEROSPACE
Pre-Launch (Set-Up)
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

Plaster City, California

Fall, 2008 10
AEROSPACE
Pre-Launch (Final Assembly)
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

Plaster City, California

Fall, 2008 11
AEROSPACE
Pre-Launch (Balloon Fill)
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

Plaster City, California

Fall, 2008 12
AEROSPACE
Pre-Launch (Tracking Station Set-Up)
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

Plaster City, California

Fall, 2008 13
AEROSPACE
Launch (11:50 AM)
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

Side View

Bottom View

Plaster City, California

Fall, 2008 14
AEROSPACE
Flight (11:50:30 AM)
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

Side View

Bottom View
Plaster City, California
Fall, 2008 15
AEROSPACE
Flight (11:51:00 AM)
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

Side View

Bottom View
Plaster City, California
Fall, 2008 16
AEROSPACE
Flight (11:51:30 AM)
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

Side View

Bottom View
Plaster City, California
Fall, 2008 17
AEROSPACE
Flight (11:52:00 AM)
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

Side View

Bottom View
Plaster City, California
Fall, 2008 18
AEROSPACE
Flight (11:52:30 AM)
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

Side View

Bottom View
Plaster City, California
Fall, 2008 19
AEROSPACE
Flight (12:00:00 Noon)
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

Side View

Bottom View
Fall, 2008 20
AEROSPACE
Flight (12:15:00 PM)
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

Side View

Bottom View
Fall, 2008 21
AEROSPACE
Flight (12:30:00 PM)
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

Side View

Bottom View
Fall, 2008 22
AEROSPACE
Flight (12:35:00 PM)
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

Side View

Bottom View
Fall, 2008 23
AEROSPACE
Flight (12:45:00 PM)
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

Side View

Bottom View
Fall, 2008 24
AEROSPACE
Flight (1:00:00 PM)
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

Side View

Bottom View
Fall, 2008 25
AEROSPACE
Flight (1:08:00 PM)
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

Side View

84,000 feet

Bottom View
Fall, 2008 26
 Looking North Over Salton Sea at 84,000 feet
AEROSPACE
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

Fall, 2008 27
AEROSPACE
Flight (1:09:00 PM)
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

Side View

Balloon Burst –
Free-Fall Tumbling
Begins

Bottom View
Fall, 2008 28
AEROSPACE
Flight (1:38:00 PM)
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

Side View

30-minute
Parachute Drop

Bottom View
Fall, 2008 29
AEROSPACE
Flight (1:39:00 PM)
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

Side View

Landing

Bottom View
Fall, 2008 30
AEROSPACE
Flight Summary (12/06/2008)
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

Salton
Sea

Time: 1 Hour 51 Minutes

Plaster City, California Glamis, California
Distance: 65 miles
Altitude: 84,000 feet
Fall, 2008 31
AEROSPACE
Payload Recovery (1:46 PM)
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

Osborne Lookout (65 miles away)

Fall, 2008 32
AEROSPACE
Hike with GPS Tracking (3:11 PM)
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

2.2 mile hike into desert nature

preserve

Fall, 2008 33
AEROSPACE
Payload Found (4:00 PM)
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

Fall, 2008 34
AEROSPACE
Payload Recovered
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

Fall, 2008 35
AEROSPACE
March Out of the Desert
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

Fall, 2008 36
AEROSPACE
On-Board Cameras Were Still Recording
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

Fall, 2008 37
AEROSPACE
Post-Flight Studies
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

Altitude vs Time

Fall, 2008 38
AEROSPACE
Post-Flight Studies
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

Pressure vs Altitude

Measured

Standard atmosphere models show

exponential reduction in pressure
with increasing altitude

Fall, 2008 39
AEROSPACE
Post-Flight Studies
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

Temperature (oF) vs Altitude

Measured

Standard atmosphere models show

linear cooling to stratosphere edge,
then constant temperature
isothermal layer, followed by linear
heating above 82,000 feet

Fall, 2008 40
AEROSPACE
Post-Flight Studies
http://aerospace.ucsd.edu/ Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego

Cockroaches survived
• -40 oF,
• space (0.333 psi) pressure,
• space radiation

Planaria Worms survived

•space radiation
Fall, 2008 41