Stabilization ponds

Stabilization ponds are a technologies that use natural process to treat wastewater and
sludge . solar energy and temperature are important factors for the success of stabilization
ponds .so, it suitable in tropical and subtropical regions .it is one or more anaerobic ponds
based on waste type . The main function of stabilization ponds is removing and stabilizing
organic matters .but , it can used to remove some pathogens such as viruses and helminth
eggs from anaerobic, facultative and aerated ponds . there are some factors that affect the
efficiency of removing pathogen like water clarity, pond depth ,sunlight exposure
,temperature and PH. WSPs are easy and inexpensive to operate and do not depend on
expensive material or energy inputs.( Verbyla,M et al 2017)

There are several stages in (WSPs) .firstly, preliminary treatment ( screening and grit
removal ) by using manually rakes screens to remove large solids.it sized depending on
quantity of organic matter (grams of BOD5/day) and ponds receive this volume in range of
100 to 350 g BOD5 / m3 . day.so, this produce anaerobic environment in the pond which
that means there is no dissolved oxygen. secondary treatment in facultative ponds, it
designed based in surface organic loading(kilograms of BOD5 per day). In facultative pond
algae population very important because it generated the oxygen which the bacteria need it
to remove BOD5. The BOD5 removal reach about 70 percent on an unfiltered bases and
about 90 percent on an filtered bases. finally , treatment in maturation ponds it is depend
on required bacteriological quality of the final effluent moreover, it has a lot of oxygen and
algal populations more than facultative ponds.

Fig.typical waste stabilization ponds system

There are some studies that have proven the effectiveness of WSPs in the removal of heavy
materials from wastewater since they reached about 79 percent of removal and the
effluent is used to irrigate crops as in Morocco and Egypt.( Ali A.M. Gad and Ahmed M. A.
Abdalla.2016). moreover , in Birjand (Iran) they made a study to show the suitability of the
water produced by WSPs to irrigate crops, and also whether there is a seasonal difference in
its characteristics By taking monthly samples of wastewater for three years .the result
showed that there are no variation in different months from the wastewater stabilization
ponds(Mansouri,B.and Ebrahimpour,M.,2011).
Verbyla,M.,Von Sperling,M.and Maiga,Y.2017.Waste Stabilization Ponds.Global Water
Pathogen Project. http://www.waterpathogens.org

Ali A.M. Gad and Ahmed M. A. Abdalla.2016. FATE OF HEAVY METALS AND NUTRIENTS IN
WASTE STABILIZATION PONDS IN ARID ZONES. Journal of Engineering Sciences.45(1),1-16

Mansouri,B.and Ebrahimpour,M.,2011.Heavy Metals Characteristics Of Wastewater

Stabilization Ponds,10(5),763-768