Personal Pronouns

Personal pronouns represent specific people or things. We use them depending on:

 number: singular (eg: I) or plural (eg: we)

 person: 1st person (eg: I), 2nd person (eg: you) or 3rd person (eg: he)
 gender: male (eg: he), female (eg: she) or neuter (eg: it)
 case: subject (eg: we) or object (eg: us)

We use personal pronouns in place of the person or people that we are talking about. My name is
Josef but when I am talking about myself I almost always use "I" or "me", not "Josef". When I
am talking direct to you, I almost always use "you", not your name. When I am talking about
another person, say John, I may start with "John" but then use "he" or "him". And so on.

Here are the personal pronouns, followed by some example sentences:

personal pronouns
number person gender
subject object
1st male/ female I me
2nd male/ female you you
singular male he him
3rd female she her
neuter it it
1st male/ female we us
plural 2nd male/ female you you
3rd male/ female/ neuter they them

Examples (in each pair, the first sentence shows a subject pronoun, the second an object
pronoun):

 I like coffee. / John helped me.

 Do you like coffee? / John loves you.
 He runs fast. / Did Ram beat him?
 She is clever. / Does Mary know her?
 It doesn't work. / Can the man fix it?
 We went home. / Anthony drove us.
 Do you need a table for three? / Did John and Mary beat you at doubles?
 They played doubles. / John and Mary beat them.

When we are talking about a single thing, we almost always use it. However, there are a few
exceptions. We may sometimes refer to an animal as he/him or she/her, especially if the animal
is domesticated or a pet. Ships (and some other vessels or vehicles) as well as some countries are
often treated as female and referred to as she/her. Here are some examples:
  This is our dog Rusty. He's an Alsatian.
 The Titanic was a great ship but she sank on her first voyage.
 My first car was a Mini and I treated her like my wife.
 Thailand has now opened her border with Cambodia.

For a single person, sometimes we don't know whether to use he or she. There are several
solutions to this:

 If a teacher needs help, he or she should see the principal.

 If a teacher needs help, he should see the principal.
 If a teacher needs help, they should see the principal.

We often use it to introduce a remark:

 It is nice to have a holiday sometimes.

 It is important to dress well.
 It's difficult to find a job.
 Is it normal to see them together?
 It didn't take long to walk here.

We also often use it to talk about the weather, temperature, time and distance:

 It's raining.
 It will probably be hot tomorrow.
 Is it nine o'clock yet?
 It's 50 kilometres from here to Cambridge.

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Pengertian Personal Pronoun

Personal pronoun adalah kata ganti yang digunakan untuk orang, hewan, benda, atau hal secara
spesifik. Bentuk kata ganti ini tergantung pada peran (subject, object, possessive), jumlah, orang
ke-, dan gender dari noun yang digantikan.

Lihat juga:

 Relative Pronoun
 Demonstrative Pronoun
 Interrogative Pronoun
 Reciprocal Pronoun
  Reflexive Pronoun
 Indefinite Pronoun
 Intensive Pronoun
 Demonstrative Pronoun

Perubahan Bentuk pada Personal Pronoun

Berbeda dengan noun yang memiliki bentuk yang sama ketika berfungsi sebagai
subject atau object dan penambahan apostrophe ketika berfungsi sebagai possessive, perubahan
pada kata ganti ini mengacu pada beberapa parameter, yaitu:

 case (subjective, objective, & possessive)

 number (singular & plural)
 person (first, second, & third)
 gender (female, male, & neutral)

Perubahan bentuk pada kata ganti ini dapat dilihat pada tabel sebagai berikut.

Case
Number Person
Subjective Objective Possessive

1st I me mine

Singular 2nd you you yours

3rd she, he, it her, him, it hers, his, its

1st we us ours

Plural 2nd you you yours

3rd they them theirs

 Subjective, Objective, dan Possessive Personal Pronoun

Personal pronoun dapat berfungsi sebagai subject, object, maupun possessive (parameter case).
Berikut penjelasan penjelasan dan contoh kalimatnya.

Peran Contoh Kalimat Personal Pronoun

Subjective personal pronouns (I, you, they, we, she, he, it)

He is a politician.
(Dia adalah politisi.)
Berarti kata ganti ini berfungsi sebagai subject.
It is the most delicious cake that I have ever eaten.
(Ini kue terlezat yang saya pernah makan.)

Objective personal pronouns (me, you, us, them, her, him, it)

object of a verb:

 He lent me two interesting books.

(Dia meminjami saya dua buku yang
menarik.)
 None understands why the man really
Berarti kata ganti ini dapat berfungsi sebagai: loves her.
(Tak satupun mengerti kenapa pria tersebut
 object of a verb mencintai dia.)
 object of a preposition  Everybody is enthusiastic to help her.
(Setiap orang antusias membantunya.)

object of a preposition:
If only he shared his problem with me.
(Seandainya dia membagi masalahnya kepada
saya.)

Possessive personal pronouns (mine, yours, ours, theirs, hers, his, its)

Berarti kata ganti ini berfungsi untuk menunjukkan subject of a sentence:

siapa yang memiliki sesuatu dengan menempati Yours was sent yesterday.
posisi sebagai: subject of a sentence, subject (Milikmu dikirim kemarin),
complement, atau objek. Mine is the biggest one.
(Punyaku yang terbesar.)

subject complement:
The red and black car is his.
(Mobil merah-hitam tsb milik dia.),
That is ours.
(Itu punya kita.)

Posisi Personal Pronoun sebagai 1st, 2nd, & 3rd Person

Personal pronoun dapat menempati posisi sebagai 1st person, 2nd person, atau 3rd
person (parameter person). Penjelasan dan contoh kalimatnya sebagai berikut.

Fungsi Contoh Kalimat Personal Pronoun

1st person — orang pertama (I, me, we, us)

I would be very happy if you lent me a little

money.
(Saya akan sangat senang jika kamu meminjami
Ketika sedang berbicara sebagai orang pertama (diri
saya sedikit uang.)
sendiri), kita dapat menggunakan kata ganti daripada
menggunakan namanya.
We‘re looking for a philanthropist to support us.
(Kami sedang mencari seorang dermawan untuk
mendukung kami.)

2nd person — orang kedua (you)

You shouldn’t put yours anywhere.

(Kamu tidak seharnya meletakkan milikmu
Ketika sedang berbicara dengan orang lain (bertindak
dimana-mana.)
sebagai orang kedua), kita dapat menggunakan kata
ganti untuk orang kedua daripada menyebut nama
I will help you to get yours.
aslinya.
(Saya akan membantumu mendapatkan
milikmu.)

3rd person — orang ketiga (she, he, it, her, him, it, they, them)

Ketika sedang membicarakan orang lain (orang lain Ferdi is a generous man. He always sets
bertindak sebagai orang ketiga), kita dapat menyebut aside his for the poor and visits the orphanage.
namanya pada permulaan pembicaraan, selanjutnya Everybody likes him.
diganti dengan kata ganti orang ketiga. (Ferdi adalah orang yang pemurah. Dia selalu
menyisihkan miliknya untuk orang miskin dan
mengunjungi panti asuhan. Setiap orang
menyukainya.)

Appositive dan Personal Pronoun

Personal Pronoun dapat digunakan pada appositive. Jika appositive menerangkan subject, kata
ganti yang digunakan adalah subjective personal pronouns (I, you, they, we, she, he, it).
Sebaliknya jika appositive menerangkan object, maka kata ganti yang digunakan adalah
objective personal pronouns (me, you, us, them, her, him, it).

Contoh Kalimat Appositive dan Personal Pronoun:

The team, Atiek and he, got two gold medals.
(Tim tersebut, Atiek dan dia, mendapatkan dua medali emas.)

Keterangan:
1
 The team= subject
 Atiek and he = appositive
 he = subjective pp

Diana invited her best friends, Vina and me, to her wedding party.
(Diana mengundang teman-teman baiknya, Vina dan saya, ke pesta pernikahannya.)

Keterangan:
2
 her best friend = object
 Vina and me= appositive
 me = objective pp