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RESEARCH FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS quarry

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RESEARCH FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS quarry

Komeil Raisian 1, Jamaiah Yahaya 2

komeil_reisian@yahoo.com 1, jhy@ukm.edu.my 2

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)

ABSTRACT

Environment is the environment in which an organization functions, including air, water, soil,

natural resources, flora, fauna, humans, and their interrelations. Environment in this context extend from within an organization to the

global system [1] .the aim of this study present a conceptual design framework for mining component particle environment, Vibration and

Noise (PVN) object. This framework may be useful for environmental and practical mine mining system environment in Malaysia.

Keywords: mine environment; noise; vibration; particles and dust

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1.0 I PRELIMINARY

Mining consists of some of the technology applied to search for and develop mineral capital in

An advantageous form for additional use them. Apart from the obvious associated with mining mining subversive

firm (hard coal, lignite, metalores, resources, chemical) substance runs the actions of mining also contains: mine open cast (hard coal,

lignite, metal ores, sulfur, chemical resources), mines and quarries bore-hole (water, water minerals, natural gas, oil, salt, sulfur). mining or

quarrying stone and metal implemented from pre-history and has been considered

important for the improvement of their respective communities, though, the continuous removal of the raw material has

extensive influence on the setting [2] .Each applied mining technology for thin or superior class

affect the environment. Scale and nature of this effect depends on several conditions, namely, a treasure of geological

deposits, technical solutions, scale exploitation, the incidence of problems transporting or limit the effects and properties of

the constituents of the receptor environment influence. It should be noted strictly separate from mining technology, in

engineering also not associated with exploitation of mine applied in the mining industry: with regard to the enrichment of the

capital is served, their refining, transportation and storage [3]. Over the last decade,

administration, universities and investigation components from several areas containing areas such as

biology, medicine, chemistry and geology, has observed an exponential growth in digital data that exists for knowledge,

observing and allocation experience. In addition, according to the review paper, the researchers did not examine PVN as

the integrated model. As a result, an increase in line PVN and schema repository should be one that is appropriate for

clarification that may be considered favorable regarding environmental mining scheme.

I.

2.0 C OMPONENT OF E NVIRONMENTAL Q UARRY

Dust and Particles

Dust is a generic term applied to describe the finer elements suspended in the atmosphere. Various clarifications can be found in previous

works, distinguishing features dust [4]. Based on the International Standardization Organization (ISO) and the British Standards Institute

[1], the dust is regarded as a solid unit small, conservative under 75μm in diameter,

which settled under their own mass but which may remain suspended for some time. based on

composition of aerosols, dust is considered as a solid particle aerosol formed by mechanical

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split from the parent material, such as start by crushing or grinding. Dust associated with mining

action usually occurs as a consequence of the disruption the resultant fine particles of soil, or rock. mine dust is completely different with

related types of dust. In urban environments, the dust comes from industry, transport, land clearing and firewood [5]. Particle dimension is

element that is very significant because some of the treasures that depend dust. A dust emissions inventory for excavation

identified as follows:

• Drilling: drilling operation that usually occurs where the drill passed through the upper unit

of boring, which is cased, and a lower bore unit and more recently drilled the uncased. While

drilling, boring is not uncommon to curb the growth is causing problems regarding

Rig operator, calculation: the steady development of collapsing into a boring; swelling

developments which restrict bore and trapping power drill in the hole; porous formations

that the result is damage to the drilling fluid returns; and foundations that produce liquid containing

the uncontrolled movement of gas or liquid into the hole [11]. Blast a hole drilled into the

overburden and minerals mined through the implementation of the drilling rig. In the dry state, this drilling process can create dust

note [6].

• The blasting operation: Blasting is considered as an important component of the surface mine; it helps

as the main character in solving overburden and revealing limestone and associated mineral deposits [7]. extreme amount of

vibration generated by the vibration of the structure of the soil out blasting may cause injury, or failure, of the assembly. One could

see the vibrations on

a rate much lower than that required to create even superficial injury to the most

vulnerable construction. ground vibration, air blast and fly rock regarded as the resultant side effects of blasting

operations unsuitably planned. Emissions can be made either from mechanical pile of stones and the wind

instruments [8]. Kapur handling: When the mineral mass is fragmented and released through blasting, it will be

loaded onto the transport truck. often hauling trucks to 100 volume tons applied to remove the minerals mined out

open pit to plant downstream dispensation [9]. This process will lead to the emission of dust around the loading,

unloading and transportation sectors of the components out of the pit (of agitation from the exterior). material on the

bed dumper will make cleaner, more mechanical friction and the wind action [10].

• Mineral Processing: The mineral crushing and screening to the dimensions of thin lead dust emission. A loader and gyratory

crusher is often applied to the initial crush minerals. Now the mechanical action would make the manufacture of dust and fines.

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The crushing and screening ore and following transmission with a conveyor belt for the main stock will also be the basis of the

possibility of the creation of dust [12].

Noise

Noise is considered as a subjective notion and was named "unfriendly, unwanted, intrusive noise".

Therefore, while the sound regarded as noise differ by person. However, it is clear that the high amount of noise may

undoubtedly established as a voice for everyone. Industry

noise is considered a type of noise. Also, even if it is not troubled by the high level of noise, it

is required to be measured due to some physiological effects and even psychological damage

[13, 14]. Some amount of noise in the branches of different industries might find. However, if the measured phase noise is achieved

extreme throughout the mining process, in terms of being able to protect the welfare of employees, the noise level should really be kept

below the limit value [15]. noise pollution is human or machine created sound that disturb setting. Almost all

materials found in the regulation of surface mining / quarry regarded as a medium to spread noise, the number of

the influence of the medium into a function that physical and chemical property [16]. All

alkaline differentiated noise emissions in mines and construction sites may be identified as follows:

• Fixed Processing Plant Equipment: Sand / gravel mechanism including the removal of material tracked by transport

to the loading area or plant remains dispensation. In industry, there is the overall transfer away from the dry sand

and gravel dredging work.

When each of the top soil has been removed, contains only using one, or more, face shovel

(Wheel loader) remove material from the tip of the operational face. At some sand and gravel mechanism, a vibrating screen /

stockpiler semi-mobile may be applied close to the

The face of the mine [17].

• mobile equipment: Commercial General liability (CGL) the description "mobile

equipment "is one type of ground vehicles, calculating machines and tools attached. Land

countries are considered as one of the most significant problems for evaluating the performance of equipment

with respect to providing sufficient bearing surface during the process of large mobile mining equipment. With high cyclic trace

weight, stiffness oil sands are also significantly change with variations in ambient heat [18].

• Transportation: Transfer of extracting aggregate or other basis to the point of use

very important but it does not extend the environmental consequences by affecting groups around

transportation and organization of these [19]. Aggregate transportation from source to point of use is considered as

an important mission, but one that might make an important

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environmental impact. It efficiently covers the environmental consequences of the mine by affecting the nearby

community of means of transport and substructure [20].

Vibration

Vibration is regarded as unwanted side products and significant of using explosives to loosen

stone. Vibration levels depending on the level of seismic energy. To break the stone, there must be a quantity of energy that must go

beyond the forte of stone and their elastic limit [21]. ground vibration and air blast is an important share of blasting rock and inevitable. The

next vibration from the blast travel from source to receiver both on the ground (tanahditanggung) and air (air). Vibration at speeds sufficient

to cause the construction and assembly shake and can even make a structural injury. The intensity of vibration has an important

role in all types of property against. It is very important to control and measure shocks

with countless amount of accuracy. Once the pressure is done via explosives in boreholes,

pulse pressure was made on the ground nearby as the walls of the drill hole enlarges and contracts. [7]. There are three key

environmental influences made by the vibration are categorized as follows:

• vibration ground: ground vibrations carried through the seismic waves traveling over land and elastic disturbances

that propagate away from the base of the explosion [22]. It is literally the wave movement that spreads out from the

blast. This wave is quickly transferred on solid media that returns back to its original shape after their journey [8].

Rock mass can be measured to be elastic medium that consists of several separate particles [23]. Only a small part

of the explosion energy (20-30%) is applied in the real damage and displacement of rock masses. The rest of the

energy is not answered produce undesirable effects such as ground shaking, AOp, fly rock, noise, back rest and

more rest (Hajihassani 2014).

• Stone Fly: Fly stones are considered as individual rock fragments are thrown remotely out of place by the force of the explosion.

Of all the influences, stone fly regarded as the most prudent concern for the implications of the projected stone material from the

site, although it is primarily the subject of safety and correct project will significantly blast

decreased if not totally denied the possibility of occurrence of stone flies [24]. Flying rocks associated with

Uncontrolled dispersion of rock fragments from the blast zone generated by the explosive energy

, There affective relationship among three issues, the distribution of explosive energy,

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the mechanical strength of the rock mass, and the cost of confinement and any incompatibility between these issues might

be causing the stone flies [25]. Once this happens, a lot of explosions

applied energy to throw stones than creating a disjointed stones. In blasting the surface, fly

stone in some circumstances resulting injury and property injury.

• overpressure Water: Water overpressure regarded as a problem that is often faced by the mining and quarrying industry once

extracting minerals from the exterior through blasting [26] .This is a constituent of the blasting that has changed as a controllable

element in the

capital frequent complaints from residents living in the area near the mine / quarry. Heavy wave that causes the air overpressure

which is made of explosion explosives charges response source gas then expands to compress the air nearby and

transfer out with great speed [27] The shock wave created an own surprise steep

thorough forward overshadowed by the rapid pressure decrease. As the air nearby provide a bit of confrontation for the expansion

of the gas plant, which they continue to rise and reach the low pressure of the weight of the ambient atmosphere [28].

3.0 R esearch F FRAMEWORK

After investigating the existing article mine system environment, given the major

Factors for the mine environment and also in accordance with Table 1, which enlists major study shows

The main factor, Figure 1 presents the following framework:

Figure 1: A conceptual framework research

T CAN 1: C LUSTERING KIND C OMPONENT OF E nvironment Q UARRY

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4.0 C ONCLUSION

Treasure mines and mineral processing plants in soil containing environmental degradation, noise, dust, toxic gases; water

pollution, etc. [29] After checking existing mines scheme Articles environment, the consequences of this investigation is

conceptual

Policy framework for the mining environment based on particle, Vibration and Noise (PVN) object.

And this investigation is also offered that the source of sound emissions in mines and construction sites

as resulting from; mobile equipment, fixed processing plant and equipment, transport (road and

rail), blasting and buildings and main vibration categorized into Air overpressure, ground vibration and

Flying rocks and noise and dust emissions inventory also for excavations Drilling, blasting, Handling

limestone and mineral processing has high significance dust emissions.

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