T-TEST: BOTTLED WATER AND PURIFIED WATER

Summary of Results:
Table 1. Comparison of water quality between bottled and purified water.
Parameter T-calculated T-tabulated
pH 3.615385
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) -0.55709
Turbidity 21.58567 4.302653
Temperature 0.018875
Total dissolved solids (TDS) 144.5

Null hypothesis: There is no significant difference between the water quality parameter (pH,
DO, turbidity, temp., TDS) of bottled water and purified water.
Conditions: T(calc) < T(tab): accept null hypothesis.
T(calc) >T(tab): reject null hypothesis.
Discussion:
pH: Comparing the pH value between bottled and purified water; Table 1 showed that,
T(calc) < T(tab). Therefore, null hypothesis is accepted; hence, there is no significant difference
between the water quality parameter in terms of pH in bottled water and purified water.
 Dissolved Oxygen: In terms of their DO values, the T(calc) < T(tab); hence, null
hypothesis is accepted. Therefore, there is no significant difference between the water quality
parameter of bottled water and purified water.
Turbidity: Comparing the turbidity value between bottled and purified water; the result
showed that, T(calc) > T(tab). Therefore, null hypothesis is rejected; hence, there is significant
difference between the water quality parameter in terms of turbidity in bottled water and
purified water.
Temperature: For the difference between the temperature of bottled and purified
water, the results shows that the T(calc) < T(tab), hence, null hypothesis is accepted. Therefore,
there is no significant difference between the water quality parameter of bottled water and
purified water.
Total Dissolved solids: In terms of their TDS values, the table showed above that T(calc)
> T(tab); hence, null hypothesis is rejected. Therefore, there is a significant difference between
the water quality parameter of bottled water and purified water.

T-TEST: BOTTLED WATER AND TAP WATER

Summary of Results:
Table 2. Comparison of water quality between bottled and tap water.
Parameter T-calculated T-tabulated
pH -7.32911 2.365
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 13.7177
Turbidity 6.02
Temperature 0.18695
Total dissolved solids (TDS) 76.2
Null hypothesis: There is no significant difference between the water quality parameter (pH,
DO, turbidity, temp., TDS) of bottled water and tap water.
Conditions: T(calc) < T(tab): accept null hypothesis.
T(calc) >T(tab): reject null hypothesis.
Discussion:
pH: Comparing the pH value between bottled and tap water; Table 2 showed that,
T(calc) < T(tab). Therefore, null hypothesis is accepted; hence, there is no significant difference
between the water quality parameter in terms of pH in bottled water and tap water.
Dissolved Oxygen: In terms of their DO values, the T(calc) > T(tab); hence, null
hypothesis is rejected. Therefore, there is a significant difference between the water quality
parameter of bottled water and tap water.
Turbidity: Comparing the turbidity value between bottled and tap water; the result
showed that, T(calc) > T(tab). Therefore, null hypothesis is rejected; hence, there is significant
difference between the water quality parameter in terms of turbidity in bottled water and tap
water.
Temperature: For the difference between the temperature of bottled and tap water, the
results shows that the T(calc) < T(tab), hence, null hypothesis is accepted. Therefore, there is no
significant difference between the water quality parameter of bottled water and tap water.
Total Dissolved solids: In terms of their TDS values, the table showed above that T(calc)
> T(tab); hence, null hypothesis is rejected. Therefore, there is a significant difference between
the water quality parameter of bottled water and tap water.
T-TEST: BOTTLED WATER AND WELL WATER

Summary of Results:
Table 3. Comparison of
Parameter T-calculated T-tabulated
pH -2.26511 2.776445
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) -8.044508497
Turbidity -0.92709
Temperature 0 water
Total dissolved solids (TDS) 12.24 quality
between
bottled and well.

Null hypothesis: There is no significant difference between the water quality parameter (pH,
DO, turbidity, temp., TDS) of bottled water and water well.
Condition: T(calc) < T(tab): accept null hypothesis.
T(calc) >T(tab): reject null hypothesis.
Discussion:
pH: Comparing the pH value between bottled and well water; Table 3 showed that,
T(calc) < T(tab). Therefore, null hypothesis is accepted; hence, there is no significant difference
between the water quality parameter in terms of pH in bottled water and well water.
 Dissolved Oxygen: In terms of their DO values, the T(calc) < T(tab); hence, null
hypothesis is accepted. Therefore, there is no significant difference between the water quality
parameter of bottled water and well water.
Turbidity: Comparing the turbidity value between bottled and well water; the result
showed that T(calc) < T(tab). Therefore, null hypothesis is accepted; hence, there is no
significant difference between the water quality parameter in terms of turbidity in bottled water
and well water.
Temperature: For the difference between the temperature of bottled and well water, the
results shows that the T(calc) < T(tab), hence, null hypothesis is accepted. Therefore, there is no
significant difference between the water quality parameter of bottled water and well water.
Total Dissolved solids: In terms of their TDS values, the table showed above that T(calc)
> T(tab); hence, null hypothesis is rejected. Therefore, there is a significant difference between
the water quality parameter of bottled water and well water.

The source of any water supply determines the kinds and amounts of its impurities. In
summary, based on the results total dissolved solids of bottled water which is the control
compared to the TDS of purified, tap and well; they are significantly different. This is because
groundwater obtained from deep wells usually contains high concentrations of dissolved
minerals. This water is usually clear and colorless due to its filtration through rock and sand. It
also may contain various types of pollution, including detergents and industrial wastes. It is now
known that such forms of pollution may travel quite some distance in water. Shallow wells
provide water with varying amounts of mineral impurities. There is also the danger that water
from such sources may become contaminated with human and animal wastes. Same as well for
the turbidity, dissolved oxygen and pH of the bottled water compared to purified, tap and well
water; they are significantly different this is due to the different impurities that is present in
different sources of water.
 Test Report
Source: Purified water Date: September 11, 2018
Location: Environmental Science and Technology Office, 4th floor Science Complex, USTP

WATER QUALITY
PHYSICAL ANALYSIS
Parameters Results PNSDW Limit Remarks
Turbidity (NTU) 0.03 5 Passed
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
Parameters Results PNSDW Limit Remarks
pH 7.03 6.5-8.5 Passed
Total Dissolved Passed
19.3 600
Solids (ppm)
Dissolved Oxygen Failed
5.54 5
(ppm)

Remarks: Results with failed did not comply with the standards set by PNSDW
Notes: PNSDW – Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water
References: Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water 2017, EPA Water Quality
Standards Criteria Summaries

Certified by:

Phoebe C. Fontillas
Supervising Chemist
Date: September 12, 2018
Source: Tap water Date: September 11, 2018
Location: Engineering Complex, USTP

WATER QUALITY
PHYSICAL ANALYSIS
Parameters Results PNSDW Limit Remarks
Turbidity (NTU) 0.13 5 Passed
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
Parameters Results PNSDW Limit Remarks
pH 7.70 6.5-8.5 Passed
Total Dissolved Passed
470.2 600
Solids (ppm)
Dissolved Oxygen Passed
3.43 5
(ppm)

Remarks: Results with failed did not comply with the standards set by PNSDW
Notes: PNSDW – Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water
References: Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water 2017, EPA Water Quality
Standards Criteria Summaries

Certified by:

Phoebe C. Fontillas
Supervising Chemist
Date: September 12, 2018
Source: Well water Date: September 11, 2018
Location: Gusa, CDOC

WATER QUALITY
PHYSICAL ANALYSIS
Parameters Results PNSDW Limit Remarks
Turbidity (NTU) 0.935 5 Passed
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
Parameters Results PNSDW Limit Remarks
pH 7.32 6.5-8.5 Passed
Total Dissolved Failed
1008 600
Solids (ppm)
Dissolved Oxygen Failed
5.96 5
(ppm)

Remarks: Results with failed did not comply with the standards set by PNSDW
Notes: PNSDW – Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water
References: Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water 2017, EPA Water Quality
Standards Criteria Summaries

Certified by:

Phoebe C. Fontillas
Supervising Chemist
Date: September 12, 2018
QUESTIONS
1. Industrial activities can increase concentrations of metals and toxic chemicals, add
suspended sediment, increase temperature, and lower dissolved oxygen in the water.
Each of these effects can have a negative impact on the aquatic ecosystem and/or make
water unsuitable for established or potential uses. Pollutants can be released into the
environment as gases, liquids, dissolved substances, or particulates, and can enter
aquatic ecosystems by atmospheric deposition, soil erosion, seepage, runoff, or direct
discharge. Pollution that can be attributed to a single source, such as a sewage outfall, is
known as point source pollution. Pollution that originates from diffuse sources rather
than from one discrete location—for example, runoff that carries pesticides into the
water from agricultural fields—is known as non-point source pollution.
Pollution can be released into the environment with different frequencies. Some sources
of pollution may discharge continuously, while others may release pollution only
occasionally. Sources of pollution can also vary periodically or cyclically—for example, in
the spring when ice begins to melt, pollutants deposited on land during the winter
months can be flushed into the river system. Still other sources of pollution—including
accidental releases of contaminants, and pollution associated with disasters such as fires
and floods—occur infrequently.

2. Cholera is an infectious disease that causes severe watery diarrhea, which can lead to
dehydration and even death if untreated. It is caused by eating food or drinking water
contaminated with a bacterium called Vibrio cholera.
Typhoid fever is an acute illness associated with fever caused by the Salmonella enterica
serotype Typhi bacteria. It can also be caused by Salmonella paratyphi, a related
bacterium that usually causes a less severe illness.
Diarrhea is loose, watery stools (bowel movements). You have diarrhea if you have loose
stools three or more times in one day. Acute diarrhea is diarrhea that lasts a short time.
It is a common problem.

3. Standardize ambient water quality monitoring procedures to ensure that water quality
monitoring programs follow certain Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC)
protocols and acceptable field methods. Follow the alternative methods and tools that
may be used in water sampling, flow measurements and field analysis. Measurement of
water quality provides important information about the integrity of a body of water. The
most widely used method is the measurement of its physical, chemical and
bacteriological constituents. The quality of water is measured or monitored to
determine if it is meeting the prescribed water quality for its intended uses. Careful
planning and coordination is critical to a successful sampling program. Activities are
planned depending on the type of assessment required. Some activities may be
extensive and involve multimedia parameters and indicators, while others may involve
only a few parameters.