STRATELLITE
INTRODUCTION:-
WIRELESS NETWORKS:-
A wireless network is any type of computer
network that uses wireless data connections for
connecting network nodes.
Wireless networking is a method by which
homes, telecommunications networks and
enterprise (business) installations avoid the
costly process of introducing cables into a
building, or as a connection between various
equipment locations. Wireless
telecommunications networks are generally
implemented and administered using radio
communication. This implementation takes
place at the physical level (layer) of the OSI
model network structure.
Examples of wireless networks include cell
phone networks, Wi-Fi local networks and
terrestrial microwave networks
Wireless communication is simply data
communication without the use of landlines.
This may involve cellular telephone, two-way
radio, fixed wireless (broadband wireless),
laser (freespace optics) or satellite
communication systems. Mobile wireless
technologies are going to act as glue towards
bringing together the wired and wireless to
share and distribute information seamlessly
across each other's areas of reference. Since
from the beginning of wireless
communications, there have been a number of
developments in each generation. Considering
the future generation of wireless
communication i.e; 4G .
Stratellite is a brand name trademark of
Sanswire for a future emissions-free, high-
altitude stratospheric airship that provides a
stationary communications platform for
various types of wireless signals usually
carried by communications towers or
satellites . The Stratellite is a concept that has
undergone several years of research and
development, and is not yet commercially
available sanswire with its partner TAO
Technologies, anticipates its current testing
sequence to include the launch of a Stratellite
into the stratosphere .
A new generation of cellular standards has
appeared approximately every tenth year since
1G systems were introduced in 1981/1982.
Each generation is characterized by new
frequency bands, higher data rates and non
backwards compatible transmission
technology. The first release of the 3GPP
Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard does
not completely fulfill the ITU 4G requirements
called IMT-Advanced. First release LTE is not
backwards compatible with 3G, but is a pre-
4G or 3.9G technology, however
sometimes branded "4G" by the service
providers. Its evolution LTE Advanced is a
4Gtechnology. WiMAX is another
technology verging on or marketed as 4G.
We normally knew about satellites, but now
lets discuss about stratellite which is named
after the stratosphere layer , as they will be
positioned in the stratosphere layer they were
named like that. It provides broad band
internet over a large area with
accuracy.however it has its difficulties but
they can be overcome with the advancement in
technology.....
Lets know about STRATELLITE in detail....
STRATELLITE
A "stratellite" is a high-altitude airship (HAA)
"25 times larger than the Goodyear blimp"
employed much like a satellite for remote
sensing, navigation, and communications.
Instead of being stationed on orbit, stratellites
are positioned in the stratosphere
approximately 13 miles above the Earth. This
altitude places the airships above both
commercial air traffic and weather effects but
significantly lower than standard low earth
orbits. From this height stratellites can service
a 300,000-square-mile-area. The North
American Aerospace Defense Command
(NORAD) projects that eleven such airships
could provide radar coverage of the entire
maritime and southern borders of the United
States.
 The cycle continues, allowing the airship to
gain more and more altitude until the helium
has expanded to fill the envelope completely.
Because the pressure is so low inside the
envelope, a puncture would only result in a
very slow leak, taking a long time to totally
deflate. projected to carry payloads as large as
4,000 pounds, and later models are expected to
carry over 20,000 pounds of radars and other
remote imaging equipment, navigational aids,
and telecommunications relays. Stratellites are
planned to remain on station for a year at a
time and will cost a fifth as much as a
comparable satellite.

CONSTRUCTION OF STRATELLITES

The initial Stratellite was 188 feet long, 60 feet

wide and 42 feet high. It is provided with a
new steering method which uses a hybrid
electric system that drives large, slow-turning
propellers. This gives the airship helicopter-
like agility by being able to move both up and
down, and side to side. The outside layer, or
"envelope," is made out of a high-tech material
called Spectra - a fabric used in bullet-proof
vests and parts of space shuttles. Spectra
contains fibre 10 times as strong as steel of the
same weight and has the unique feature of
being easy to cut but virtually impossible to
tear.

WORKING:-

Stratellite will provide signal for mobiles

laptops anywhere.... like below. Normally 2
stratellites can provide signal for whole
country with accuracy when compared to
normal cellphone towers. Using airship
technology, a stratellite is above the cloud and
so can be powered by solar cells and propelled
by electric motors which are designed to keep
the craft at a single pre- programmed axis
GPS coordinate and check with higher
satellites that it stays in that position.
The inide layer, made from a thin but strong
polyester film called Mylar, is fitted inside the
envelope and filled with a mixture of helium
and air as helium is an inert gas and is
therefore not flammable. With this design, the
helium expands as the airship rises, forcing air
out and lifting the airship.

LAUNCHING OF A STRATELLITE:-
Launching costs are next to nothing,
and at nearly 250 feet long, they have enough
lift for sophisticated computation equipment-
more than most conventional satellites.
Placing a communication into the
stratosphere in the form of an airship has
never been done before . such a platform can
fundamentally change how the world delivers
wireless tele communications and the way we
as individuals communicate;
SERVICES IT PROVIDE:-
A stratellite is anticipated to be able
to deliver a variety of services including broad
band internet, HDTV telephone as well as 3G/
4G mobile phone services.
One has to wonder just how exactly a
stratellite will be able to give potentially millions of
people high speed broad band and high bandwidth
HDTV at the same time not to mention how it plans
on connecting to existing networks such as an
internet backbone or a mobile phone network with a
fast enough link.
Nevertheless, this is a serious
technology that could prove to be the sleeper
out of the draft class .
 STRATELLITE Vs
SATELLITE

STRATELLITE SATELLITE
 LOW COST  HIGH COST
 LOW ALITIUDE  HIGH
 MULTI- LAUNCH ALTITUDE
 EASILY  SINGLE
UPGRADABLE LAUNCH
 LATEST  NOT
TECHNOLOGY UPGRADABLE
 UNLIMITED SPACE  MATURE
AVAILABILITY TECHNOLOG
4TH GENERATION:-  CAN BE USED FOR Y
CELL TX AND IP  LIMITED
-Since from the beginning of wireless  HIGHER BAND SPACE
communication , there have been a number of WIDTH / AVAILABILIT
THROUGHPUT Y
developments
 FASTER TO  CANNOT BE
DEPLOY USED FOR IP
-considering the future generation of
 MULTIPLE AND CELL TX
wireless communication i.e., 4G cellular PLATFORMS:-  LIMITED
system -broad band, 3G,4G UPLINK
MMDS, weather  SLOW TO
-4G is intended to provide high speed, monitoring. DEPLOY
high capacity with low cost.  ONE
PLATFORM

High altitude communications airship

The inside layer is filled with inert gas
for cellular , 3G, 4G, mobile, MMDS, paging
and there is not inflammable. With this design,
and fixed wireless telephony.
helium expands as the airship rises forcing air
out by propellers and lifting the air ship
 STRATELLITE
COMMUNICATION:-
Stratellite can serve a 3,00,000 sq mile
area . stratellites will carry over
20,000 pounds of radar and other
equipments and communication
relays. They are planned to remain on
station for one year period of time.They are far
cheaper to launch and to maintain. For a
country 2 stratellites are enough instead of
1000’s of cellphone towers. There are many
rural and remote areas where the internet
facility is not yet available. If stratelites are
introduced, it will become easier to provide
signal even in rural areas..
STRATELLITE TECHNOLOGY AND
ADVANTAGES :-
Stratellites are actually unmanned Kevlar
balloons filled with helium. They use thin-film
photovoltaic cells sprayed on their surfaces to
generate electricity, which drives propellers
that work with GPS technology to keep the
stratellite positioned over one spot on the
Earth's surface. Prototype airships are the
second drawback is that satellites are in space,
requiring expensive space launches, an
additional level of regulation by national space
authorities, and an orbital allotment by the
International Telecommunications Union
(ITU).
Stratellites remain in national airspace and are
therefore not subject to these licensing and
technology requirements. However, they do
make use of space technology and, as stated
above, are in development by at least one
space industry firm.
DRAWBACKS OF STRATELLITES
These firms are becoming involved with
stratellites because they avoid the two main
drawbacks of satellites. The first is signal
latency, which can cause problems in
establishing broadband links.Most
telecommunications satellites are in
geostationary orbit to remain above a certain
point on the Earth's surface. That orbit,
however, is 22,240 miles above the Earth, (i.e;
in the area called CLARKE'S BELT), which
means that a signal going up to the
satellite(uplink) and back to the
Earth(downlink) travels nearly 45,000 miles,
which equates to about a quarter of a second
delay. Even users of satellite voice links notice
the delay.
APPLICATIONS IT ENABLES
Once a Stratellite network is in place, it will
provide a national broadband wireless network
that will provide voice, video, and broadband
internet access to all parts of the country. By
linking several Stratellites together they can
provide a wireless broadband network that will
cover thousands of miles. With a Stratellite
network, subscribers will be able to sit in their
homes and be connected on their laptops to the
internet at high speed. If subscribers need to
go to the office, across town, or even to
another city, they can close their laptop and
take off, reopening the laptop at their new
destination and still be connected to the
internet. This would allow subscribers the ease
of not having to find local access numbers, tie
up phone lines, deal with modem hassles, and
more importantly, slow speeds. In addition to
internet use, "proposed telecommunications
uses include cellular, 3G/4G mobile, MMDS,
fixed wireless telephony, HDTV, real-time
surveillance and others.
 low-cost, high-capacity alternative to
satellite relays and cell towers. Once the
defects of Stratellites have been overcome and
become more reliable, they play a vital role in
the future generation wireless communication.

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

Stratelites provide the required facilities of

wireless communication more efficiently than
the ordinary towers. The Stratellite will allow
subscribers to easily communicate in ‘both
directions’ using readily available wireless
technology.” They minimise the cost of
communication. Stratellites present a mobile,
REFERENCES

1. www.google.co.in

2. www.yahoosearch.com

3. www.howstuffworks.com

4. 21st Century Airships, Inc., High Altitude

Platforms, at
http://www.21stcenturyairships.com/

5. Geostationary Orbits, in Wikipedia, at

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostationary_orb
it (last accessed Sept. 28, 2004).

6. TWUF, Broadband Takes to the Skiesrt

Techdirt, Get Your Wireless Broadband By
Stratellite,
Presented by:-

MEMBER 1 :- Haritha depuru

Email :- harithadepuru227@gmail.com

Contact no:- 9490608747

MEMBER 2:- Priyanka cirunamala

Email :- priyanka.cirunamala@gmail.com

Contact no:- 9985380565