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• A literature is a "review" of "the literature"
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– "The Literature" means the major writings -
especially scholarly writings - on the topic.
Depending on your field "the literature" can
include all sorts of things: journal articles,
books, published essays, government reports,
and so on. The main thing is that "the literature"
is the body of scholarly, professional
information that is used by professionals and
scholars working on that topic area.
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on a topic.
What does that mean?
– "Review" usually means an overview summarizing
major parts and bringing them together to build a
picture of what's out there. Different fields of study
(and different professors) will have different
standards on whether a review is supposed to be
more of a straightforward summary or if it is
supposed to have a deep analysis and discussion.
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• Related literature includes research
findings, published or unpublished theories
and principles formulated by experts or
authorities in some field or discipline; and
ideas or opinions of experts contained in
books, pamphlets, magazines and
periodicals.
• It should be written in terms of the purpose
of the study.
• It should give more weight to studies
considered more authoritative as evaluated
and should give reference to primary
rather that secondary sources.
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• It should be organized thematically to conform with
the specific problems.
• It should be synthesized such that evidence from all
the studies reviewed would get an overall
understanding of the state of knowledge in the
problem area.
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• Disadvantage-material is not completely
up to date, as it can take a few years
between the completion of a work and
publication in the form of a book.
• Search for books in your area of interest,
prepare a final list, locate these books in
the libraries or borrow from other sources.
Examine their content, if contents are not
found to be relevant to your topic, delete it
from your reading list.
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BOOKS
• Comprise a central part of any bibliography.
• Advantage-material published generally is of
good quality and the findings are integrated with
other research to form a coherent body of
knowledge.
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JOURNALS
• Journals provide you with the most up-to-date
information, even though there is a gap of two to
three years between the completion of a research
project and the publication in a journal.
• As with books, you need to prepare a list of
journals for identifying literature relevant to your
study.
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 29/01/2019

• Identifying literature relevant to your A literature review

study can be done as follows:
-locate the hard copies of the is a summary of
journal that are appropriate to your
study; previous research
- use the internet
- look at the index of research on a topic.
abstracts in the relevant field to identify
and read the articles.

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Advantages of Review of Literature:
• It helps the researcher look for possible
theories, concepts or principles to support his
investigation.
• It is essential in formulating a sound research
title, hypotheses, assumptions, etc.
• It enlightens the researcher as to the direction
of the study.
Advantages of Review of
Literature:
• It proves that the study is researchable and
possesses novelty.
• It helps to identify the statistical instrument to be
used in the study.
• It serves as a guide to writing the findings,
conclusions and recommendations.

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Why do a Literature Review? How do you write a Literature Review?

•The purpose of a literature review is to help
you explain how the question to be
investigated fits into the larger picture and
why you have approached the topic the way
you have.
•This section of a scholarly report allows the
reader to be brought up to date regarding the
state of research in the field and familiarizes
him or her to any contrasting perspectives and
viewpoints on the topic.
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• Summarize and explain what research has
been done on the topic, citing the sources as
you mention them.
• Point out the different ways researchers have
treated the topic.
• Point out any connections between the sources
especially where one source built upon prior
study.
• Explain how this past work fits together to
make your research question significant. Your
literature review should present your synthesis
of previous research and lay the foundation for
understanding your research and appreciating
its value.
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3. Index cards can help you organize your

Guides to preparing the materials.
review of literature
Author: Juan Dela Cruz Publisher: ISPSC Press
1. You may need to visit a number of libraries Book: Educational Planing and Devt. Place: Ilocos Sur
for articles related to your investigation. Page: 312-315
Year: 2001
2. At the library, look into the card catalogs for
__________________________________________________________________
titles of articles, books, monographs and if __________________________________________________________________
necessary, ask the help of the librarian. __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

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4. Refrain from copying entire chapters

without proper documentation or
Author: Juan Dela Cruz Year: 2001 acknowledgements.
Types: MA Thesis Page:
College/ University: Ilocos Sur Politechnic State College
312-315 Plagiarism is punishable by law.
Place: Tagudin, Ilocos Sur The researcher as a second party
__________________________________________________________
• According to Dela Cruz…(1999)
__________________________________________________________________ • Dela Cruz (1999)averred that…
__________________________________________________________________ • … the intrusion of advanced technology and the
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
shipting of civilization into the “ third wave”
__________________________________________________________________ describe by Alvin Toffler as the “ Information Age
__________________________________________________________________ and Knowledge Revolution” paves the way for
making education an instrument to facilitate
change. (Dela Cruz, 1999)

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The researcher as a third party 5. Make a related study on the

needs and relevance of your
• According to Dela Cruz, as cited by Palpalatoc investigation. Fraenkel, at.al.,
(1999)… (1996) outlined the steps for
• Dela Cruz quoted Palpalatoc(1999) who averred taking notes:
that…
• … the intrusion of advanced technology and the
shipting of civilization into the “ third wave” a. Problem
describe by Alvin Toffler as the “ Information
b. Hypotheses
Age and Knowledge Revolution” paves the way
for making education an instrument to facilitate c. Procedures
change. (Dela Cruz cited by Palpalatoc, 1999) d. Findings
e. conclusions
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Author: Juan Dela Cruz Year: 2003

Types: MA Thesis Page: 6. If you wish to combine professional and
College/ University: Ilocos Sur Politechnic State College
Place: Tagudin, Ilocos Sur related studies, make a theme of your
Problem: _____________________________________________________________
review based on the important variables
Hypotheses: of the study.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Procedure:
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Findings: A thematic approach to writing a
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
review of related literature makes it
Conclusions: logical, systematic and convenient
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________ to the researcher.
Comments:
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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Research Title: Bibliography

Inventory Management of a Food Service Business in
Dagupan City
• Nava, Jareleny D.
Theme of the Review
• Inventory Management Concepts and Principles
• Aspects of Inventory Management
Purchasing/Acquisition
Storage/Warehousing
Issuance
• Inventory Management as Applied in Food Service Business
• Inventory Management Problems in Food Service Business

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