On q-s-k Symmetric Doubly stochastic and

q-s-k- Skew Symmetric Doubly Stochastic matrices

Dr.Gunasekaran K. and Mrs.Seethadevi R.

(E-Mail : drkgsmath@gmail.com, seethadevir1@gmail.com)
Department of Mathematics, Government arts College (Autonomous), Kumbakonam,
Tamilnadu, India.

Abstract:
The basic concepts and theorems of q-s-k symmetric doubly stochastic matrices and
q-s-k skew symmetric doubly stochastic matrices are introduced with examples.

Keywords:
q-s-k- symmetric doubly stochastic matrix, q-s-k-skew symmetric doubly stochastic
matrix.

I. INTRODUCTION:
Ann Lee [1] has initiated the study of secondary symmetric matrices, and q-s-k
symmetric doubly stochastic matrices are developed in quaternion matrices. Ann Lee [1] has
initiated the study of secondary symmetric matrices, that is matrices whose entries are
symmetric about the secondary diagonal. Ann Lee [1] has show that the matrix A, the usual
transpose AT and Secondary transpose Aθ are related as Aθ=VATV and AT=VAθV. where V
is a modified unit matrix with units in the secondary diagonal.
II. PRELIMINARIES AND NOTATIONS:
AT Transpose of A.
Let k be a fixed product of disjoint transpositions in  n , and ‘k’ be the
modified unit matrix associated with k of clearly k satisfies the
following properties, k 2  I , K T  K , A  VATV , AT  VAV
Definition: 1
A matrix A  H
n n
said to be q-s-k symmetric doubly stochastic matrix if
A  KATV and As  VATV . where V is a modified unit matrix with units in the secondary
diagonal.
Definition:
A matrix A  H is said to be q-s-k-skew symmetric doubly stochastic matrix if any
n n

one is the.
[1] A  KV ( A)T VK
[2]  AT  KVAVK
[3] A  VK ( AT ) KV
[4]  AT  VKAKV
Where V is a modified unit matrix and K  {1 2 3}
Theorem: 1
Let A  H is q-s-k-skew symmetric doubly stochastic matrix then
n n

[1] A  KV ( A)T VK
[2]  AT  KVASVK
[3]AS  VK ( AT ) KV
[4]  AT  VKA KV
Proof:
(i)KV( AT )VK  K (V ( A)T V ) K
 KA K where V ( A)T V  AS
 K ( AT )T K where  AT  A
 K ( A)T K  A
(ii)KVA V  K(VA V) K  K  AT K

where VA V   AT
 A where K  AT K  A
  AT where A   AT
(iii)VK AT KV  V(K AT K)V
 VAV where K  AT K  A
 V  AT where A   AT
 As where V  ATV  A
(iv)VKA KV  V ( KA K)V  V K   AT  V  T

 V ( A)T V where K   AT  K  AT
 As where V  ATV  A
   AT   AT
T

Similarly VATV  A where A  AT

Theorem: 3
1
Let A, B  H
nn
is q-s-k-skew symmetric doubly stochastic matrix then  A  B  is
2
q-s-k-skew symmetric doubly stochastic matrix.
Proof:
Let A and B are q-s-k-skew symmetric doubly stochastic matrix if
A  KV   A VK and B  KV   B VK
T T

1
To Prove  A  B  is q-s-k-skew symmetric doubly stochastic matrix we will show that
2
1 1
 A  B   KV  A  B  VK
T

2 2
Now
1
2
1

 A  B   KV   A  B  VK
2
T

 1   1 
K V   A  B  V  K  K V   A  B  V  K
T T

 2   2 
1
 K  A  B K
2

 
1
 K  A  B K
2
T
 
1
  A  B
2
Where  A  A  B  B
T T

THEOREM:3
If A and B are q-s-k-skew symmetric doubly stochastic matrix then AB is not an
q-s-k-skew symmetric doubly stochastic matrix.
Proof:
Let A and B are q-s-k-skew symmetric doubly stochastic matrix if A  KV  ATVK
and B  KV  BTVK
Since  A and  B also q-s-k-skew symmetric doubly stochastic matrices
T T

 AT  KVAVK and BT  KVBVK

To Prove AB is not an q-s-k-skew symmetric doubly stochastic matrix we will show
that
AB  KV   AB  VK



KV   AB  VK  K V   AB  VK
T T

 K  AB  K


 K   AB  K  AB
T

(Using theorem 5)
Here AB  BA
Quaternions doesnot satisfy commute Property.
RESULT:
For A  H
n n
is q-s-k-skew symmetric doubly stochastic matrix the following are
equivalent.
(i ) A  KV  ATVK
(ii )  AT  KVAVK
(iii ) A  VK  AT KV
(iv)  AT  VKAKV

Example:
 2  3i  4 j  k 3  2i  3 j 4  i  j  k 
A   3  2i  3 j 4  i  2 j 2  i  j 
 4  i  j  k 2i j 3 k 
 
 2  3i  4 j  k 3  2i  3 j 4  i  j  k 
 A   3  2i  3 j
T
4i 2j 2  i  j 
 4i j k 2  i  j 3  k 

1 0 0 0 0 1
k   0 0 1  V   0 1 0 
0 1 0 1 0 0
   
 1 0 0  2  3i  4 j  k 3  2i  3 j 4  i  j  k  0 0 1 
(i) KV   AT VK   0 0 1  3  2i  3 j 4i 2 j 2  i  j  
 0 1 0 
 0 1 0  4  i  j  k 2  i  j 3  k  
   1 0 0 
 4  i  j  k 3  2i  3 j 2  3i  4 j  k 
  2  i  j 4i2j 3  2i  3 j 
 3  k 2  i  j 4  i  j  k 

  AT where A   AT
A
 0 0 1  2  3i  4 j  k 3  2i  3 j 4  i  j  k  0 1 0 
 ii  KVAVK   1 0 0 
 3  2i  3 j 4  i  2 j 2  i  j  
 0 0 1 
 0 1 0  4  i  j  k 2i j 3 k  1 0 0 
   

 4  i  k  k 3  2i  3 j 2  3i  4 j  k 
  2  i  j 4  i  2 j 3  2i  3 j 
 3 k 2i j 4  i  j  k 

 A   AT where A   AT
  0 1 0  2  3i  4 j  k 3  2i  3 j 4  i  j  k  0 0 1 
(iii)VK  AT KV   0 0 1   3  2i  3 j 4i 2 j 2  i  j  
 0 1 0 
 1 0 0  4  i  j  k 2  i  j 3  k  
   1 0 0 
 4  i  j  k 3  2i  3 j 2  3i  4 j  k 
  2  i  j 4i2j 3  2i  3 j 
 3  k 2  i  j 4  i  j  k 

  AT  A where  A   AT 
 0 1 0  2  3i  4 j  k 3  2i  3 j 4  i  j  k  0 0 1 
(iv)VKAKV   0 0 1 
 3  2i  3 j 4  i  2 j 2  i  j  
 0 1 0 
 1 0 0  4  i  j  k 2i j 3 k  1 0 0 
   

 4  i  k  k 3  2i  3 j 2  3i  4 j  k 
  2  i  j 4  i  2 j 3  2i  3 j 
 3 k 2i j 4  i  j  k 

 A where  A   AT 
  AT
REFERENCES:
[1] Ann Lee. Secondary Symmetric and Skew Symmetric Secondary Orthogonal
matrices;
1. Period, Math Hungary, 7, 63-70 (1976).
[2] Hazewinkel, Michiel, ed (2001), “Symmetric Matrix”, Encyclopedia of
Mathematics, Springer, ISBN 978-1-55608-010-4.
[3] Krishna Moorthy.S, Gunasekaran.K, Mohana.N, “Characterization and
theorems on doubly Stochastic matrices” Antartica Journal of Mathematics,
11(5) (2014).
[4] Guna Sekaran.K, Seetha devi.R “Characterization and theorems on Quaternion
doubly Stochastic matrices” ultra Scientist of physical sciences.
[5] Gunasekaran.K, Seetha devi.R “q-k-Symmetric Doubly Stochastic, q-k-Skew
Symmetric Doubly Stochastic matrices”. Applied Science Periodical.