DESIGN OF TIED AND SPIRAL COLUMNS

CE133
PREPARED BY: ENGR. NESLYN E. LOPEZ
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

18. Enumerate the different types of columns. (CO1)

19. Calculate the design capacity of axially loaded columns using the formulas for tied
and spiral columns. (CO5)

20. Relate the procedures in designing axially loaded columns. (CO5)

CLASSIFICATION OF COLUMNS
 Short compression blocks or pedestals

• If the height of an upright compression

member is less than three times its
least lateral dimensions

• maximum design compressive stress

equal to 0.85φf’c, where φ is 0.65
CLASSIFICATION OF COLUMNS
 Short reinforced concrete columns

 Reinforced concrete column fail due to initial material failure

 The load that it can support is controlled by the dimensions of the

cross section and the strength of the materials of which it is
constructed.

 Short column as being a rather stocky member with little flexibility.

CLASSIFICATION OF COLUMNS
 Long or slender reinforced concrete columns

 As columns become more slender, bending deformations will

increase, as will the resulting secondary moments.

 Moments are of such magnitude as to significantly reduce the axial

load capacities of columns
P-DELTA MOMENTS
 When a column is subjected to primary
moments (those moments caused by
applied loads, joint rotations, etc.)
 the axis of the member will deflect
laterally
 with the result that additional moments
equal to the column load times the
lateral deflection will be applied to the
column
P-DELTA MOMENTS

 A column that has large secondary moments is said to be a slender

column, and it is necessary to size its cross section for the sum of both
the primary and secondary moments.

 The ACI/NSCP intent is to permit columns to be designed as short

columns if the secondary or PΔ effect does not reduce their strength by
more than 5%.
TYPES OF COLUMNS
TYPES OF COLUMNS
 Plain concrete pedestal – this may be used only if the height does not exceed three
times the least lateral dimension

 Tied columns – a column which the longitudinal bars are braced with a series of
closed ties.

 Spiral columns – a column which the longitudinal bars and concrete core are wrapped
with a closely spaced helix or spiral.

 Composite columns – these columns may contain a structural steel shape surrounded
by longitudinal bars with ties or spirals or it may consist of high strength steel tubing
filled with concrete.
TIED COLUMNS: AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY

Ø = 0.65 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑠

Ag = gross area of concrete
Ast = area of steel reinforcement
TIED COLUMNS: LIMITS OF REINFORCEMENT (SEC 410.10)
TIED COLUMNS: SIZES OF MAIN BARS
TIED COLUMNS: SPACING OF TIES
SPIRAL COLUMN: AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY

Ø = 0.75 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑠

SPIRAL COLUMN: LIMITS OF REINFORCEMENT FOR SPIRAL COLUMNS
SPIRAL COLUMN: MINIMUM SPIRAL PERCENTAGE

𝜌𝑠 =
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑝 4𝑎𝑠 𝐷𝑐 − 𝑑𝑠
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ "𝑠" 𝜌𝑠 = 2
𝑠𝐷𝑐
PROBLEM 1

 A square tied column 450 mm on each side is

reinforced with 8-25 mm bars with fy = 415 MPa.
Determine the safe service live load if the axial
dead load on the column is 820 KN. Use f’c = 21
MPa.
PROBLEM 2

 Design a square tied column to carry the following loads:

AXIAL LOAD SHEAR PARALLEL TO ONE SIDE

Dead Load 800 KN Dead Load 90 KN
Live Load 650 KN Live Load 80 KN

 Concrete strength f’c = 21 MPa. Use 25-mm diameter longitudinal bars

(fy = 415 MPa) and 10-mm diameter ties (fyh = 275 MPa). Clear
protective covering is 30 mm. Use 2.5% steel ratio.
PROBLEM 3

 Design a spiral column to support an axial dead load of 900 KN

and an axial live load of 1300 KN. Assume that 3% of
longitudinal steel is desired, f’c = 27.6 MPa and fy = 414 MPa.
Use 35-mm diameter main reinforcement. Determine also the
minimum spacing of 10-mm spiral (fyh = 275 MPa) with 30 mm
steel covering.
END 
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