MUST KNOW FINDINGS

irregularly irregular heart rate

prominent A waves
prominent A waves
prominent A waves
absent A waves
giant/cannon A waves
large V waves
large V waves
accentuated S1
accentuated S1
soft S1
soft S1
soft S1
soft S1
soft S1
soft S1
varying intensity of S1
pulse deficit
varying intensity of S1
varying intensity of S1
varying intensity of S1
normal splitting of S2
persistent splitting of S2
persistent splitting of S2
fixed splitting of S2
paradoxical splitting
S3
S3
S4
diffused and sustained apex beat
apex beat displaced laterally and downward (6th LICS AAL)
apex beat displaced laterally ONLY
CONDITION
atrial fibrillation
tricuspid stenosis
pulmonary HTN & pulmonic stenosis
supraventricular tachycardia
atrial fibrillation
complete heart block
tricuspid regurgitation (esp. in severepulmonary HTN with dilated RV)
constrictive pericarditis
mitral stenosis
hyperdynamic state
mitral regurgitation
myocardial infarction
aortic regurgitation
shock
myxedema
LBBB
atrial fibrillation
atrial fibrillation
complete heart block
Wenckebach phenomenon
pulsus alternans
physiological (during inspiration)
PS
CRBBB (Congenital Right Bundle Branch Block)
ASD (atrial septal defect)
LBBB (Left Bundle Branch Block)
physiological (tachycardia,nervousness,children/young adults)
congestive heart failure
hypertension with LVH & CAD (decreased distensibilty of the left ventricle)
LVH (Left ventricular hypertrophy)
left ventricular dilatation
RVH (Right Ventricular Hypertrophy)
BEST HEARD

S1
S2
splitting of S2
at APEX: louder than S2, at BASE: softer than S2 S3
at APEX: louder than S2, at BASE: softer than S2 S4
at APEX: louder than S2, at BASE: softer than S2
at APEX: louder than S2, at BASE: softer than S2
at APEX: louder than S2, at BASE: softer than S2
at APEX: louder than S2, at BASE: softer than S2
at APEX: louder than S2, at BASE: softer than S2
at APEX: louder than S2, at BASE: softer than S2
at APEX: louder than S2, at BASE: softer than S2

at APEX: louder than S2, at BASE: softer than S2

at APEX: louder than S2, at BASE: softer than S2
at APEX: louder than S2, at BASE: softer than S2
at the 2nd LICS PSL
at the 2nd LICS PSL
at the 2nd LICS PSL
at the 2nd LICS PSL
at the 2nd LICS PSL
at/near the apex
at/near the apex
left lateral decubitus

6th LICS AAL

APEX: louder than S2
BASE: louder than S1
at the 2nd LICS PSL
at/near the apex