IEEE BROADCAST TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY

www.ieee.org/bts
The IEEE Broadcast Technology Society is an organization, within the framework of the lEEE, of members with technical interests in the field of broadcast technology, including the production,
distribution, and propagation aspects. All members of the IEEE are eligible for membership in the society and will receive this T RANSACTIONS upon payment of the annual society membership fee of
$15.00. For information, write to the IEEE Service Center at the address below. Member copies of Transactions/Journals are for personal use only.
ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE
W ILLIAM T. H AYES, President R ALPH H OGAN, Vice President T OM S ILLIMAN, Secretary E. L ANNY NASS, Treasurer
2016–2018 2017–2019 2018–2020 Ex Officio
P. A NGUERIA R. C LARK S. H USAIN W ILLIAM M EINTEL, Sr. Past President
C. D I L API R. F RIEDEL S. L OCKWOOD M. WARD -C ALLAN, Managing Director
R. S OTELO S. H IRAKAWA W. L UPLOW A MANDA T EMPLE, Society Operations Manager
G. WALDEN H. H OFFMANN D. S IEGLER J ENNIFER BARBATO, Technical Community Program Specialist
R. W ELLER S. M. W EISS Y. W U M ARGAUX T ORAL, Promotions & Marketing Managers

Standing Committee Chairpersons Representatives IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BROADCASTING

Awards, G. B OUCHARD Advanced Television Systems Council (ATSC), Y. W U Y IYAN W U, Editor-in-Chief
Broadcast Symposium, R. W ELLER & G. WALDEN IEEE USA—Committee on Communications Policy (CCP), M. IEEE Technical Activities
Chapter Development, W. M ILLER W EISS BT Editorial Office
Distinguished Lecturers, R. C HERNOCK Committee on Man and Radiation (COMAR), E. WANDEL 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
Education, R. H OGAN TAB New Technology Directions Committee, W. H AYES Tel: +1 732 562 3905
Young Professionals, W. J OSEPH International Broadcast Conv. (IBC), W. T. H AYES Fax: +1 732 235 1627
Membership Development, M. RODRIGUEZ bt-pubs@ieee.org
Multimedia Symposium, D. G OMEZ -BARQUERO
Historian, J. O’N EAL J ENNIFER BARBATO, Technical Community Program Specialist
Broadcast Technology Editor, J. O’N EAL IEEE Broadcast Technology Society
Nominations, G. B OUCHARD 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
Publications, P. A NGUEIRA Tel: +1 732 562 3905
Strategic Planning, G. B OUCHARD Fax: +1 732 235 1627
Transactions Editor, Y. W U j.barbato@ieee.org
WIE, C. D ILAPI
Standards: Audio and Video Techniques, W. M ILLER
RF Techniques, G. B EST
ASSOCIATE EDITORS
PABLO A NGUEIRA J OHN C OSMAS J EONGCHANG K IM M AURIZIO M URRONI D EMIN WANG L IANG Z HANG
pablo.angueria@ehu.eus john.cosmas@brunel.ac.uk jchkim@kmou.ac.kr m.murroni@ieee.org demin.wang@crc.ca liang.zhang@ieee.org
G IUSEPPE A RANITI DAVID G OMEZ -BARQUERO J UNGHWAN K IM L IAM M URPHY X IANBIN WANG L IANG -L U Z HANG
araniti@unirc.it dagobar@iteam.upv.es jkim@UTNet.UToledo.Edu liam.murphy@ucd.ie wang@eng.uwo.ca liang.zhang.dr@ieee.org
G REG B EST A LBERT H EUBERGER C HIH -P ENG L I S UNG -I K PARK H SIAO -C HUN W U Y UE Z HANG
gbconsulting54@gmail.com albert.heuberger@iis.fraunhofer.de cpli@faculty.nsysu.edu.tw psi76@etri.re.kr wu@ece.lsu.edu Yue.Zhang@Beds.ac.uk
L AP -P UI C HAU S HUJI H IRAKAWA W EI L I J ONG -S OO S EO Y ILING X U J IYING Z HAO
elpchau@ntu.edu.sg shuji.hirakawa@toshiba.co.jp wei.li@canada.ca jsseo@yonsei.ac.kr yl.xu@sjtu.edu.cn jzhao@uottawa.ca
J EAN -Y VES C HOUINARD B YEUNGWOO J EON G ABRIEL -M IRO M UNTEAN J IAN S ONG J INYUN Z HANG C E Z HU
chouinard@gel.ulaval.ea bjeon@skku.edu munteang@eeng.dcu.ie jsong@tsinghua.edu.cn jzhang@merl.com eczhu@ntu.edu.sg

IEEE Officers
J OS É M. F. M OURA , President W ITOLD M. K INSNER , Vice President, Educational Activities
T OSHIO F UKUDA , President-Elect H ULYA K IRKICI , Vice President, Publication Services and Products
K ATHLEEN K RAMER , Secretary F RANCIS B. G ROSZ , J R ., Vice President, Member and Geographic Activities
J OSEPH V. L ILLIE , Treasurer ROBERT S. F ISH , President, Standards Association
JAMES A. J EFFERIES , Past President K. J. R AY L IU , Vice President, Technical Activities
T HOMAS M. C OUGHLIN , President, IEEE-USA
J OHN P. V ERBONCOEUR, Director, Division IV—Electromagnetics and Radiation

IEEE Executive Staff

S TEPHEN P. W ELBY, Executive Director & Chief Operating Officer
T HOMAS S IEGERT, Business Administration C HERIF A MIRAT, Information Technology
J ULIE E VE C OZIN , Corporate Governance K AREN H AWKINS , Marketing
D ONNA H OURICAN , Corporate Strategy C ECELIA JANKOWSKI , Member and Geographic Activities
JAMIE M OESCH , Educational Activities M ICHAEL F ORSTER , Publications
JACK BAILEY, General Counsel & Corporate Compliance KONSTANTINOS K ARACHALIOS , Standards Activities
Officer M ARY WARD -C ALLAN , Technical Activities
VACANT, Human Resources
C HRIS B RANTLEY, IEEE-USA

IEEE Publishing Operations

Senior Director; Publishing Operations: DAWN M ELLEY
Director; Editorial Services: K EVIN L ISANKIE Director; Production Services: P ETER M. T UOHY
Associate Editor; Editorial Services: J EFFREY E. C ICHOCKI Associate Director, Information Conversion and Editorial Support: N EELAM K HINVASARA
IEEE T RANSACTIONS ON B ROADCASTING (ISSN 0018-9316) is published quarterly by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Responsibility for the contents rests upon the authors
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Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TBC.2019.2901435