Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1. Sepals – Enclose and protect the other parts of the flower in the bud stage.
Petals – Brightly coloured to attract insects for pollination and provide a
platform for insects to land.
Stamens – Pollen sacs in anther produce pollen grains which contain the male
gametes.
– Filament holds the anther in a suitable position to disperse the pollen.
Carpels – Ovary contains the ovule which produces the female gamete (ovum).
– Stigma receives the pollen grains and stimulates them to germinate.
2. (a) A – stigma
B – anther
C – petal
D – ovary
E – ovule
F – sepal
(b) B and E
(c) Any two of the following:
– Brightly coloured to attract insects for pollination.
– Provide a platform for insects to land.
– Nectar guides guide insects to the nectar deep inside the flower.
Refer to Table 17.2 for the differences between an insect-pollinated flower and a wind-
pollinated flower.
– After pollination, the pollen grains germinate in response to the sugary fluid secreted by
the mature stigma.
– A pollen tube grows out from each pollen grain.
– The cytoplasm and the two nuclei (pollen tube nucleus and generative nucleus) of each
pollen grain pass into the pollen tube. The growth of the pollen tube is controlled by the
pollen tube nucleus.
– As the pollen tube grows, it secretes enzymes to digest the surrounding tissue of the
stigma and style. Thus, the pollen tube grows down the style into the ovary.
– The pollen tube enters the ovule through the micropyle.
– Along the way, the generative nucleus divides to form two male gametes. The pollen
tube nucleus soon disintegrates.
– Within the ovule, the tip of the pollen tube absorbs sap and bursts, releasing the two
male gametes.
– One male gamete fuses with the ovum to form the zygote. This is fertilisation.
(a) False
Sexual reproduction can occur when there is only one flower present.
(b) False
The nucleus in the pollen grain is the male gamete.
(c) True
(d) False
Offspring produced by self-pollination method are genetically dissimilar.
(e) True
(f) False
Wind pollinated flowers are flowering plants.
1. C
2. C
(a)
anther
stigma
filament
(b) By wind
(c)
Structure Adaptation
Stigma Large and feathery in order to provide a large surface area to trap
pollen.
Anther Large and produces an abundance of pollen to offset wastage.
Pollen grains produced are tiny and light to enable easy floating
in air.
Filament Long and protrude out of bracts to expose anther to wind.
Slender and pendulous in order to sway readily in wind to
dislodge pollen from the anther.
2. Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma, while fertilisation
is the process by which the nucleus of the male gamete fuses with the nucleus of the
female gamete to form a zygote.