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FILMTEC Membranes
Water Chemistry and Pretreatment: Calcium Sulphate Scale Prevention
Calcium Sulphate For the determination of the calcium sulfate scaling potential, a complete feed water analysis
Scale Prevention is required.
Calculation /8/
1. Calculate the ionic strength of the concentrate stream (Ic) following the procedure
described in Scaling Calculations General (Section 2.4.1):
⎛ 1 ⎞
Ic − I f ⎜ ⎟ Eq. 5
⎝ 1− Y ⎠
2. Calculate the ion product (IPc) for CaSO4 in the concentrate stream:
⎡
IPc = ⎢ (
m
) ⎛ 1
Ca 2 + f ⎜
⎝ 1− Y
(
⎞⎤ ⎡ m 2− ⎛ 1
⎟⎥ ⎢ SO 4 f ⎜
⎠⎦ ⎣
)
⎝ 1− Y
⎞⎤
⎟⎥
⎠⎦
⎣
where:
(mCa2+)f = M Ca2+ in feed, mol/L
(mSO42–)f = M SO42– in feed, mol/L
3. Compare IPc for CaSO4 with the solubility product (Ksp) of CaSO4 at the ionic strength of
the concentrate stream, Figure 2.6. If IPc ≥ Ksp, CaSO4 scaling can occur, and
adjustment is required. For a safe and conservative pretreatment design, adjustment
should be made if IPc > 0.8 Ksp.
FILMTECTM Membranes Notice: The use of this product in and of itself does not necessarily guarantee the removal of cysts and pathogens from water.
For more information about FILMTEC Effective cyst and pathogen reduction is dependent on the complete system design and on the operation and maintenance of
membranes, call the Dow Liquid the system.
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