MODUL

PROGRAM IBNU SINA

ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS

MODULE 2

QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
& QUADRATIC
FUNCTIONS

Terbitan :-
YAYASAN PELAJARAN JOHOR
JABATAN PELAJARAN NEGERI JOHOR
 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS AND QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS FORM 4

MODULE 2
IBNU SINA
TOPIC : QUADRATIC EQUATIONS & QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS

Express Note :

General form
ax 2  bx + c = 0 , where a , b and c are constants , a  0

Properties
1. Equation must be in one unknown only
2. The highest power of the unknown is 2

Examples
1.2x 2 + 3x – 1 = 0 is a quadratic equation
2.4x 2 – 9 = 0 is a quadratic equation
3.8x 3 – 4x2 = 0 is not a quadratic equation

Determining roots of a quadratic equation

i. factorisation
ii completing the square

 b  b 2  4ac
iii. formula x =
2a

Forming QE from given roots by expansion

b c
SOR = , POR =
a a
x 2 - (SOR)x + (POR) = 0

Types of roots for QE

i. two distict / different roots : b2-4ac > 0
ii. two equal roots : b2-4ac = 0
iii. no roots : b2-4ac < 0

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 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS AND QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS FORM 4

Shapes of graph of Quadratic Function

[ f(x) = ax 2 + bx + c ]

If a > 0 If a<0
mak *

* min

Relation between the position of Quadratic Function Graphs and its roots
i. graph intersects the x-axis at two points
b2-4ac > 0
ii graph does not intersects the x-axis
b2-4ac < 0
iii graph touches the x-axis at one point
b2-4ac = 0
iv graph touches the x-axis
b2-4ac ≥ 0

Finding the min @ max value of QF using the completing the square method
f(x) = ax 2 + bx + c General form
2
= a(x + p ) + q After completing the square

If a>0 min vakue = q

axis of symmetry : x = -p
min point = (-p, q)
If a<0 nilai max value = q
axis 0f symmetry : x = -p

mak point. = (-p, q) ]

Sketching Quadratic Function Graph

i Determine the shape (identify a)
ii Determine the position (evaluate b2-4ac)
iii. Completing the square (find max@ min point and axis of symmtery)
iv. Solve f(x) = 0 (find point of intersection with x-axis)

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 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS AND QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS FORM 4

v. Find f(0) (find point of intersection with y-axis)

vi Plot the points and connect them with a smooth curve

Quadratic Inequalities
Range of Quadratic Inequalities
Using line number
i. Factorise
ii State two values of x
ii Use suitable method to find the correct position / area
iii State the range

a b
x<a x>b
a<x<b

PAPER 1

1. Solve the following quadratic equations. Give your answer correct to 4 significant
figures.
(a) x2 + 7x + 1 = 0

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 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS AND QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS FORM 4

(b) x( x + 5) = 5.
(c) x(2 + x) = 10
(d) 2x(2 – x) = 2x – 1

2. Express 2x2 – 5x – 2 = 0 in the form of a(x – p)2 + q = 0. Hence, solve the quadratic

5
equation x 2  x  2.
2

3.(a) Given that α and β are the roots of the quadratic x2 + 4x + 7 = 0. Form a quadratic
equation with roots α – 1 and β – 1 .

(b) Given that α and β are the roots of the quadratic 2x2 + 5x + 10 = 0. Form a quadratic
equation with roots α + 1 and β + 1 .

(c ) Given that α and β are the roots of the quadratic 3x2 - 6x + 1 = 0. Form a quadratic

 
equation with roots and .
2 2

4.(a) Given the quadratic equation 2x2 – 6x = 3px2 + p . Find the range of values of p if
the quadratic equation has two distinct roots.

(b) Given the quadratic equation 4x2 + p = 3(2x – 1). Find the range of values of p if the
quadratic equation has no roots.

(c) Given the quadratic equation x2 = 2(2-m)x + 4 - m 2. Find the range of values of p if
the quadratic equation has two different roots.

5. k
Find the values of k if the quadratic equation kx 2  kx  5 x   0 has two equal
9
roots.

6.(a) 5
Given that 5 and  are the roots of the quadratic equation 3 x 2  mx  2n  1  0 .
3
Find the value of m and n.

(b) 3
Given that 3 and are the roots of the quadratic equation 2 x 2  3mx  7 n  2  0 .
4
Find the value of m and n.

(c) Given that -2 and 6 are the roots of the quadratic equation 5 x 2  kx  8n  1  0 .

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 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS AND QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS FORM 4

Find the value of k and n.

7. One of the roots of quadratic equation kx 2  ( k  5)x  2  0 is reciprocal of the other

root. Find the values of k and the roots of the quadratic equation.

8. Form the quadratic function f ( x )  3 x 2  9 x  4 in the form of f ( x )  a x  p  2  q ,

hence, find the minimum or maximum point.

9. Find the minimum or maximum point of the graph of quadratic function

f ( x )  2x 2  3x  6 .
10.(a)

The diagram shows a graph of quadratic function f ( x )  2( x  p ) 2  q , where p

and q are constant. Find the value of p, q and k. Hence, state the equation of the
axis of symmetry of the graph.

10(b)

The diagram shows a graph of quadratic function f ( x)  3( x  p ) 2  q , where p

and q are constant. Find the value of p, q and n.

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 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS AND QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS FORM 4

11. Find the range of x in each of the following

(a) ( x  3)(2 x  5)  0
( 2 x  3)( x  5)
(b) 0
( x  4)

(c) f ( x )  3 x 2  2 x  16 and f(x) is always positive.

(d) ( x  3)(3 x  1)  0

12. Find the range of x if the quadratic function f ( x)  kx 2  ( 2k  1) x  k  3 never

touches the x-axis.

PAPER 2

1.
y

x
0 A(3,m)

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 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS AND QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS FORM 4

Diagram 1 shows the curve of a quadratic function f(x) = -x2 – nx +4. The curve has a
maximum point at A(3,m) and intersects that f(x)-axis at point B.
(a) State the coordinates of point B.
(b) By using the method of completing the square , find the value of m and n.
2. y

x
0

Q(k, m)

Diagram 2 shows the curve of a quadratic function f(x) = x 2 + 5x - 3. The curve has a
minimum point at Q(k, m). By using the method of completing the square , find the
value of k and m.

END OF MODULE 2

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 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS AND QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS FORM 4

MODULE 2 - ANSWERS
TOPIC : QUADRATIC EQUATIONS AND QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS

PAPER 1

1. a) 7 7 2  4(1)(1)
x
2
x  0.1459 or x  6.854

b) x 2  5x  5  0
5 5 2  4(1)(5)
x
2
x  0.8541 or x  0.5854

c) x 2  2 x  10  0
2 2 2  4(1)( 10 )
x
2
x  2.31 or x  4.317

d)  2x 2  2x  1  0
2 2 2  4( 2)(1)
x
2( 2)
x  0.3660 or x  1.366

2.  5
2
57
2 x    0
 4 8
x  3.137 or x  0.6375

3.(a)     4,   7
(  1)  (   1)  6
(  1)(   1)  12
x 2  6 x  12  0

5
     ,   5
2
1
(  1)  (   1)  
2
7
(  1)(   1) 
2
2x 2  x  7  0

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 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS AND QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS FORM 4

(b)
1
    2,  
3
 
  1
2 2
  1
( )( ) 
2 2 6
6x  6x  1  0
2

(c )

4.(a) ( 6) 2  4( 2)( p  3)  0

15
p
2

(-6) 2-4(4)(p-3)<0
(b)
21
p>
4

(c ) (2m-4)2 -4(1)(m2-4)>0
m>2

5. k 
( k  5 ) 2  4( k )   0
9
k 2  18k  45  0
k  15; k  3

6.(a)  5 m
S.O.R = 5     
 3 3
m = 10
 5 2n  1
P.O.R = 5    
 3 3
n = 13

 3   3m
S.O.R = 3    
4 2
(b) 5
m=
2
 3   7n  2
P.O.R = 3    
4 2
5
n=
14

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 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS AND QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS FORM 4

k
S.O.R = -2 + 6 =
5
k = -20
8n  1
(c) P.O.R =  2  6 
5
 59
n=
8

7. 1
roots = a;
a
S.O.R P.O.R
1 5 1 2
a  a 
a 2 a k
2
2a  5a  2  0 k  2
1
a  ;2
2
roots = 3.186 and 0.3139

8.  4
f ( x )  3 x 2  3 x  
 3
2
 3 11
 3 x   
 2 4
 3 11 
minimum point ,  , 
2 4 

9.  3 
2 x 2  x  3 
f(x) =  2 
2
 3 57
2 x   
 4 8
 3 57 
minimum point ;   , 
 4 8 

10.(a) p = 2 ; q = 5
k=-3

(b) p = -2, q = 3,
n = -9

11. a) 5
x  3 and x 
2
b) 3
x and 4  x  5
2
c) 8
x  2 and x 
3

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 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS AND QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS FORM 4

d) ( x  3)(3 x  1)  0
1
 x3
3

12. ( 2k  1) 2  4k ( k  3)  0
16k  1  0
1
x
16

PAPER 2

1. (a) B(0,4)
(b) -(x2 + nx – 4)
m = 13, n= -6

2. 5  37
k= , m=
2 4

END OF MODULE 2

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