CHAPTER 1

Introduction

The name of durian was derived from Malay word for thorns, “duri”. The world-renowned
naturalist, Alfred Russel Wallace, said this about fruit, “ It is like a buttery custard flavored with
almonds, intermingled with wafts of flavor that call to mind cream cheese, onion sauce, brown
sherry and other incongruities, it is neither acid, nor sweet nor juicy, yet one feels the want of none
of these qualities, for it is perfect as it is”. It also known as king of tropical fruits, the durian tree
is a topical fruit tree under the hibiscus family, Malvaceae. It is thought to have originated either
Malaya or Borneo, and has been cultivated for centuries in tropical Asia. Furthermore, durian has
various type of species where about 300 of them can be found in Thailand and 100 other species
can be found in Malaysia. (Sari, E., Khatab, U., Desmiarti, R., & Ariansyah, R., 2018). While, for
the international high rank, durian Zibethinus only species that can be found in market. Physically,
durian is large in size and has strong odor. “Usually, durian weighted around one to three
kilogram.” (Sari, E., Khatab, U., Desmiarti, R., & Ariansyah, R., 2018, p.x).

Durian peel well known as one of the solid waste where there is no value to either be
recycle or reuse. However, some research have study that the ability of durian peel as organic
waste and classified as biomass energy. The ability of the durian peel can be replace the role of
kerosene. The scientific of this purpose namely as bio-briquettes and it has been researched and
develop in order to obtain optimal quality in terms of calorific value, compressive strength and
duration pf ignition. In making durian peel bio-briquettes needed other biomass mix to sustain
duration of ignition for bio-briquettes durian skin quickly burned out. The purpose of this research
is to study the process of carbonization to obtain bio-briquettes in other to obtain the optimal
requirement and can be replace to the kerosene. Therefore, this research also was applied to the
Indonesia country where it used durian peel as their resource energy in other to replace the
kerosene and it also can be reduced the effect of the environment (Sari, E., Khatab, U., Desmiarti,
R., & Ariansyah, R., 2018).
 Other than that, the potential of durian peel also can be applied in fibers where it used to
the polymer of the recycle high density polyethylene (HDPE) from bottles contain 5% to 20% at
different compression temperature of 170 0C to 200 0C. The purpose of this research is to study
the influence of durian peel fiber content and compressed temperature on the mechanical properties
of recycled HDPE or durian peel fiber contains (Charoenvai, S. (2014). However, most of people
did not known the durian peel also can be used to generate the energy resource. In this case, the
ability of durian peel was investigate in order to produce the electricity in small amount as the
prototype of study. The previous study showed that the durian peel can be produced about 1.5V
electric as the potential of battery. It have been conducted in Kabupaten Gresik, Jawa Timur
(Maryati,2013). As known that, the durian peel contains the several chemical substances that can
produce the electric same as the small battery. For example are water, calcium, natrium and
magnesium. Durian peel need to be converted to the activated carbon in order to produce the
electricity.

Basically, the activated carbon is usually made up from the coal, but the price of this
material are too expensive. Thus, the suitable to replace the coal is by using durian peel as the price
is too cheap and it easy to find. Activated carbon is used to make supercapacitors which help the
battery can extend in a long period of time. It is same as the alternative energy systems such as
solar panel, wind and wave energy. The expected result is when the durian peel in mature or too
young condition, it generate a poor voltage. However, the innovation made to the battery durian
can improve its lifespan.
Problem Statement.

Malaysia is a rapidly developing country in Southeast Asia that aims to achieve high-
income country status by 2020; it is economic growth is highly dependent on its abundant energy
resources, especially natural gas and crude oil. The results shows that Malaysia’s energy use
depends heavily on fossil fuel, including oil, gas and coal. In past 30 years, Malaysia has
successfully generate energy from this resources and put it as their primary energy. However, this
energy has their limitation where it depletion by the year. Thus, Malaysia must pay more attention
to the development of renewable energy, green technology and energy conservation in the future.
In this research, durian peel was conducted to study the potential as energy resource in term of
biomass energy. As known that, the durian peel can generate electricity and it was conducted in
the small skill where to produce about 1.5V same as battery voltages.

This research also conducted in order to replace the battery in electrical equipment where
durian peel contain the chemical substances that can produce electric as battery chemical contain.
Therefore, in this era, durian is one of the famous fruit that has been export to the Chinese’s
country, thus durian peel will be easy to get due to the high demand.

Objectives of Research

The objectives of the study are as follows:

1. To study potential of durian peel as source of energy.

2. To study the voltage amount generated from durian peel for the electrical purpose.

Significance of Study. {Essay}

a) To give the information to the people that durian peel can be recycled and may
produce new energy source.
b) Generated energy from durian peel may produce certain amount of voltage applied
for electrical purpose. (voltage produce)
Limitation Study (Essay)

a) Preservation of durian peel.

b) Analog voltage reader.

reference

Sari, E., Khatab, U., Desmiarti, R., & Ariansyah, R. (2018, March). Studies of
Carbonization Process on the Production of Durian Peel Biobriquettes with Mixed
Biomass Coconut and Palm Shells. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and
Engineering (Vol. 316, No. 1, p. 012021). IOP Publishing.

Charoenvai, S. (2014). Durian peels fiber and recycled HDPE composites obtained by
extrusion. Energy Procedia, 56, 539-546.