CA9Doc 198

Case: 10-16696 10/25/2010 Page: 1 of 52 ID: 7522171 DktEntry: 198-1
No. 10-16696
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
KRISTIN M. PERRY, ET AL.,
Plaintiffs-Appellees,
vs.
ARNOLD SCHWARZENEGGER, ET AL.,
Defendants,
and
PROPOSITION 8 OFFICIAL PROPONENTS
DENNIS HOLLINGSWORTH, ET AL.,
Defendants-Intervenors-Appellants.
Appeal From the United States District Court

for the Northern District of California
No. CV-09-02292 VRW
The Honorable Vaughn R. Walker
BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAE CALIFORNIA FAITH FOR EQUALITY, CALIFORNIA COUNCIL

OF CHURCHES, GENERAL SYNOD OF THE UNITED CHURCH OF CHRIST, UNIVERSAL
FELLOWSHIP OF METROPOLITAN COMMUNITY CHURCHES, THE EPISCOPAL BISHOPS
OF CALIFORNIA AND LOS ANGELES, PROGRESSIVE JEWISH ALLIANCE, PACIFIC
ASSOCIATION OF REFORM RABBIS, UNITARIAN UNIVERSALIST ASSOCIATION, AND
UNITARIAN UNIVERSALIST LEGISLATIVE MINISTRY CALIFORNIA, IN SUPPORT OF
PLAINTIFFS-APPELLEES KRISTIN M. PERRY, ET AL., AND URGING AFFIRMANCE
ERIC ALAN ISAACSON STACEY M. KAPLAN

655 W. Broadway, Suite 1900 580 California Street, Suite 1750
San Diego, CA 92101 San Francisco, CA 94104
Telephone: 619/231-1058 Telephone: 415/400-3000
Attorneys for California Faith for Equality, California Council of Churches,
General Synod of the United Church of Christ, Universal Fellowship of
Metropolitan Community Churches, The Episcopal Bishops of California and Los
Angeles, Progressive Jewish Alliance, Pacific Association of Reform Rabbis,
Unitarian Universalist Association, and Unitarian Universalist Legislative Ministry
California
CORPORATE DISCLOSURE STATEMENT
All corporate amici are nonprofit corporations that issue no stock and that are
not controlled by any publicly held corporation.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
I. INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................1
II. IDENTITY AND INTEREST OF AMICI.......................................................4
III. ARGUMENT...................................................................................................7
A. Proposition 8 Denies, Rather than Protects Religious Liberty .............7
B. The Becket Fund’s Brief Underscores Proposition 8’s

Fundamental Irrationality....................................................................17
C. The District Court Did Not Err in Rejecting Religious

Rationales as a Sound Basis for Proposition 8....................................23
IV. CONCLUSION..............................................................................................26
-i-
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
Page
CASES
Bandari v. INS,
227 F.3d 1160 (9th Cir. 2000) .................................................................................................12
Barghout v. Bureau of Kosher Meat & Food Control,

66 F.3d 1337 (4th Cir. 1995) ...................................................................................................16
Barnes-Wallace v. BSA,
275 F. Supp. 2d 1259 (S.D. Cal. 2003),
questions certified, 607 F.3d 1167 (9th Cir. 2010) ..................................................................19
Bernstein v. Parker,
No. PN34XB-03008, slip op.
(NJ Office of the Attorney General, Dept. of Law & Public Safety,
Div. on Civil Rights, Dec. 29, 2008) .......................................................................................20
Boy Scouts of America v. Dale,

530 U.S. 640 (2000)...........................................................................................................23, 24
Church of Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah,

508 U.S. 520 (1993).................................................................................................................23
Commack Self-Service Kosher Meats, Inc. v. Weiss,

294 F.3d 415 (2d Cir. 2002).....................................................................................................16
County of Allegheny v. ACLU,

492 U.S. 573 (1989).................................................................................................................15
Democratic Party v. Wisconsin ex rel. La Follette,

450 U.S. 107 (1981).................................................................................................................24
Edwards v. Aguillard,
482 U.S. 578 (1987).................................................................................................................15
Employment Div. v. Smith,

494 U.S. 872 (1990).................................................................................................................24
Epperson v. Arkansas,
393 U.S. 97 (1968)...................................................................................................................15
Evans v. City of Berkeley,

129 P.3d 394 (Cal. 2006) ...................................................................................................18, 19
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Page
Honda Motor Co. v. Oberg,

512 U.S. 415 (1994).................................................................................................................24
In re Marriage Cases,
183 P. 3d 384 (Cal. 2008) ......................................................................................................8, 9
Kedroff v. Saint Nicholas Cathedral,

344 U.S. 94 (1952)...................................................................................................................15
Lawrence v. Texas,
539 U.S. 558 (2003)...........................................................................................................23, 24
Lee v. Weisman,
505 U.S. 577 (1992)...........................................................................................................15, 24
Loving v. Virginia,
388 U.S. 1 (1967).................................................................................................................1, 13
Norani v. Gonzales,
451 F.3d 292 (2d Cir. 2006).....................................................................................................12
Ocean Grove Camp Meeting Association v. Vespa-Papaleo,

339 Fed. Appx. 232 (3d Cir. 2009)..........................................................................................20
Perez v. Sharp,
198 P.2d 17 (Cal. 1948) .....................................................................................................13, 16
Romer v. Evans,
517 U.S. 620 (1996).................................................................................................................22
Serbian Eastern Orthodox Diocese v. Milivojevich,

426 U.S. 696 (1976).................................................................................................................15
Thomas v. Review Board of Indiana Employment Sec. Div.,

450 U.S. 707 (1981)...........................................................................................................23, 24
Torcaso v. Watkins,
367 U.S. 488 (1961).................................................................................................................10
Watson v. Jones,
80 U.S. (13 Wall.) 679 (1872) .................................................................................................15
Zablocki v. Redhail,
434 U.S. 374 (1978)...................................................................................................................1
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Page
STATUTES, RULES AND REGULATIONS
California Civil Code

§51(b).......................................................................................................................................17
§51.5.........................................................................................................................................17
§53............................................................................................................................................17
§782.5.......................................................................................................................................17
California Government Code

§§12955-12956.2 .....................................................................................................................17
California Family Code

§420(c) .......................................................................................................................................9
Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure

Rule 29 .......................................................................................................................................1
Rule 29(b) ..................................................................................................................................4
United States Constitution

First Amendment ...........................................................................................................8, 14, 23
SECONDARY AUTHORITIES
Ariel, David S., What Do Jews Believe? 129 (1996).....................................................................11
Bringhurst, Newell G., Saints, Slaves, and Blacks: The Changing Place of Black People
Within Mormonism (1981).......................................................................................................13
Bush, Lester E., Jr., Mormonism’s Negro Doctrine: An Historical Overview ..............................13
Catechism of the Catholic Church ¶1603 (Washington, D.C.: Libreria Editrice Vaticana,
2d ed. 1997) ...................................................................................................................9, 10, 12
Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Considerations Regarding Proposals to give
Legal Recognition to Unions between Homosexual Persons, §2 at 11 (2003)..........................9
Epstein, Louis M., Marriage Laws in the Bible and the Talmud 145-219 (1942).........................11
First Presidency, Statement on Position of Blacks within the Church and Civil Rights,
December 16, 1969, reprinted in Bringhurst, Saints, Slaves, and Blacks, supra note
20, at 231-32 ............................................................................................................................14
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Page
Furman, Richard, Exposition of the Views of the Baptists, Relative to the Coloured
Population of the United States in a Communication to the Governor of South-
Carolina (Charleston: A.E. Miller, 1823)................................................................................25
Friedman, Yohanan, Tolerance and Coercion in Islam: Interfaith Relations in Muslim

Tradition 160-93 (2003)...........................................................................................................11
Kolatch, Alfred J., The Second Jewish Book of Why, at 121 (2000) .............................................11
Lawler, Michael G., Interchurch Marriages: Theological and Pastoral Relfections, in

Marriage in the Catholic Tradition: Scripture, Tradition, and Experience Ch. 22, 222
(Todd A. Salzman, et al., eds., 2004).......................................................................................10
Nuechterlein, Note, The Free Exercise Boundaries of Permissible Accommodation Under

the Establishment Clause, 99 Yale L. J. 1127, 1131 (1990)....................................................24
U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops, Compendium – Catechism of the Catholic Church

(Washington, D.C.: Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2006) ......................................................12, 13
Van Biena, David & Jeff Israelly, Getting to Know Him: How the Pope is Showing Hints
of Being His Own Man.............................................................................................................13
-v-
I. INTRODUCTION1
Amici, as religious organizations and faith leaders, wish to make several points
about religion and law as they relate to a fundamental civil right – the right to marry.
That freedom to marry is a basic civil right, and the institution of marriage a
core foundation of our system of ordered liberty, cannot be doubted. See Loving v.
Virginia, 388 U.S. 1 (1967). The right “is of fundamental importance to all
individuals.” Zablocki v. Redhail, 434 U.S. 374, 384 (1978). And if equal justice and
equal protection of law mean anything, it is that no one may be deprived of such a
basic human right because of who they are, or what they believe.
Amici wholeheartedly concur with the plaintiffs-appellees on these points.
Moreover, amici wish to emphasize that principles of religious freedom lying at the
heart of our system of ordered liberty also strongly support the right of gay men and
lesbian women to marry.
People of faith have come to a variety of conclusions about same-sex marriage.
Many churches and clergy, as a matter of doctrine, withhold formal recognition of
same-sex unions within their religious liturgy. Others, including the Episcopal
Church in California, may permit clergy to bless same-sex relationships without
1
All parties have consented, pursuant to FRAP 29, to the filing of this brief. No
party’s counsel authored any part of this brief. No one other than amici and their
counsel contributed money to fund the preparation or submission of this brief.
-1-
necessarily bringing them within the rite of marriage. Still others, including
congregations of the United Church of Christ, Unitarian Universalist Association, and
Metropolitan Community Churches, readily include same-sex couples in their rites of
marriage. Many of California’s Reform and Reconstructionist Rabbis joined its
Congregationalist, Unitarian Universalist, and Metropolitan Community Church
clergy in officiating legal marriages of same-sex couples in California – until
Proposition 8 eliminated same-sex couples’ right to marry.
Before this Court Proposition 8’s Proponents have abandoned any contention
that Proposition 8 advances religious-liberty interests. Yet their amici have submitted
briefs insisting that same-sex couples’ right to marry somehow threatens Californians’
religious liberty, and that Proposition 8 is a reasonable response. In truth, according
same-sex couples the same right to civil marriage that other Californians enjoy poses
no real threat to the religious liberty of faith traditions limiting religious rites of
marriage to mixed-sex unions. For even if civil marriage is recognized as a
fundamental civil right of all people, religious organizations always have been free –
and remain free – to frame their own rules restricting who may be joined in a religious
rite of marriage.
Some churches, for example, will not permit the divorced to remarry in a
religious ceremony. Some clergy decline to officiate interfaith marriages. No one can
force them to. But the government ought not mandate that anyone’s civil marriage
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shall be void for failure to conform to theological doctrines or church rules governing
religious marriage rites.
According equal marriage rights for all in our civil law threatens no one’s
religious liberty. Allowing same-sex couples the legal right to marry threatens the
religious liberty of Catholics, for example, no more than does allowing civilly
divorced citizens to remarry in contravention of Catholic doctrine. Same-sex couples’
civil marriages threaten the religious liberty of those who oppose such unions in their
churches and synagogues no more than interfaith marriages threaten the religious
liberty of those who interpret their scripture and tradition to prohibit such unions. No
one can force clergy of any denomination to solemnize any wedding that conflicts
with his or her faith tradition, and no church, synagogue, or other place of worship
loses its tax-exempt status for refusing religious rites of marriage to citizens
possessing a civil right to marry.
Though Proponents’ amici suggest that Proposition 8’s demolition of same-sex
couples’ right to marry was designed to protect Californians’ religious liberty, quite
the opposite is true. The real threat to religious liberty comes from enforcing as law
the religious doctrines of some sects, to outlaw marriages that others both recognize
and sanctify. Clergy and congregations of the Unitarian Universalist Association, the
United Church of Christ, the Universal Fellowship of Metropolitan Community
Churches, Reform and Reconstructionist Rabbis, and others, proudly solemnized the
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legal marriages of same-sex couples – until Proposition 8 adopted other sects’
religious doctrine to outlaw those marriages. They should be free to do so again.
Amici respectfully submit that Proposition 8 unlawfully deprives many
Californians of a fundamental right merely because of who they are, that it denies
them equal protection of the law, and that it does so at the expense of religious
freedom.
II. IDENTITY AND INTEREST OF AMICI
Amici have a direct interest in the issues presented by this case, as religious
organizations and faith leaders who support both religious liberty and the full civil
equality of all Californians, without discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation.
The identity and interest of amici are set forth, as required by FRAP 29(b), in
the motion for leave to file this brief. As noted in that motion, California Faith for
Equality, the Unitarian Universalist Legislative Ministry California (UULM CA),
and Progressive Jewish Alliance (PJA) are faith-based organizations that support,
and have organized on behalf of, religious freedom and access to civil marriage for
same-sex couples.
With a membership comprising more than 6,000 congregations in the State, the
California Council of Churches’ position is pro-religious freedom, pro-church
autonomy, pro-equal protection, and anti-enactment of sectarian dogma concerning
marriage. Churches in at least two of the 21 denominations represented in the
-4-
Council’s membership – the United Church of Christ and the Universal Fellowship
of Metropolitan Community Churches (MMC) – have welcomed same-sex couples
to marry in religious ceremonies, and members of their clergy gladly officiated the
legal marriages of same-sex couples until Proposition 8 interfered.
The General Synod of the United Church of Christ is the representative body
of the national setting of the United Church of Christ (“UCC”), which has 5,600
churches in the United States, and more than 200 in California, whose clergy were
free, until Proposition 8 took effect, to serve their California congregations by
officiating the legal marriages of same-sex couples in their congregations.
The Unitarian Universalist Association (UUA) represents another faith
tradition with deep roots in American history, whose Massachusetts clergy solemnize
legal marriages of same-sex couples in New England’s founding churches, and whose
California clergy also gladly served their own congregations by solemnizing same-sex
couples’ legal marriages – until Proposition 8 stopped them.
The Universal Fellowship of Metropolitan Community Churches (MCC),
with 250 congregations and 43,000 adherents, is the largest Christian denomination
ministering primarily to gays, lesbians, and transgender persons. Proposition 8
prevents its clergy from officiating legal marriages for same-sex couples in their
congregations. MCC has a strong interest in restoring the rights abrogated by
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Proposition 8, both of same-sex couples to enter legal marriages, and of MCC clergy
to officiate.
The Episcopal Bishop of California, the Rt. Rev. Marc Handley Andrus,
and the Episcopal Bishop of Los Angeles, the Rt. Rev. J. Jon Breno, both have
spoken against Proposition 8, as spiritual leaders in a denomination whose 75th
General Convention in 2006 resolved to “oppose any state or federal state or
constitutional amendment that prohibits same-sex civil marriages or civil unions.”2
The Pacific Association of Reform Rabbis (PARR) is the Western Region of
the Central Conference of Reform Rabbis (“CCAR”). Many of its members officiated
the legal marriages of same-sex couples in their California congregations, until
Proposition 8 interfered.
As the California Council of Churches told the California Supreme Court in the
Marriage Cases: “Our commitment to religious liberty for all and equal protection
under the law leads us to assert that the State may not rely on the views of particular
religious sects as a basis for denying civil marriage licenses to same-gender couples.”3
2
Resolution 2006-A095, General Convention of the Episcopal Church (2009)
(online at http://www.episcopalarchives.org/cgi-bin/acts/acts_resolution-
complete.pl?resolution=2006-A095 (accessed Oct. 25, 2010)).
3
In re Marriage Cases, No. S147999, Brief of Amici Curiae Unitarian
Universalist Association of Congregations, et al., at xv-xvi (Sept. 26, 2007) (online at
-6-
III. ARGUMENT
A. Proposition 8 Denies, Rather than Protects Religious

Liberty
Proposition 8’s Proponents have before this Court abandoned any contentions
advanced below that revoking same-sex couples’ right to marry might find a rational
basis in promoting religious-liberty interests. And for good reason, as no credible
case can be made that Proposition 8 protects anyone’s religious liberty.
Yet Proponents’ television ads and other materials undeniably warned voters
that if same-sex couples may legally marry, then ministers who decline to officiate
would face lawsuits, and their churches could lose their tax-exempt status. And
before this Court, Proponents’ amici contend even now that legal recognition of same-
sex couples’ civil marriages both “guaranteed wide-ranging church-state conflict,” and
“threatens the religious liberty of people and groups who cannot, as a matter of
conscious, treat same-sex unions as the moral equivalent of man-woman marriage.”4
Calling the decision below a “judicial condemnation of religious beliefs,” Proponents’
amici say that allowing same-sex couples to marry “raises substantial religious liberty
http://www.courtinfo.ca.gov/courts/supreme/highprofile/documents/unitarianamicus.p
df (accessed Oct. 25, 2010)).
4
Brief of Amicus Curiae the Beckett Fund for Religious Liberty in Support of
Defendants – Intervenors – Appellants and in Support of Reversal, at 2, 3.
-7-
concerns” sufficient to justify depriving same-sex couples of a fundamental civil right,
thereby withdrawing the power of willing clergy to solemnize their legal marriages.5
The truth is that Proposition 8 finds no rational basis in concern for anyone’s
religious liberty. The Marriage Cases opinion itself had carefully specified that
affording same-sex couples the opportunity to obtain the designation of

marriage will not impinge upon the religious freedom of any religious
organization, official, or any other person; no religion will be required to
change its religious policies or practices with regard to same-sex
couples, and no religious officiant will be required to solemnize a
marriage in contravention of his or her religious beliefs.
In re Marriage Cases, 183 P. 3d 384, 451-52 (Cal. 2008). Thus, as Chief Judge
Walker aptly found,
Proposition 8 does not affect the First Amendment rights of those

opposed to marriage for same-sex couples. Prior to Proposition 8, no
religious group was required to recognize marriage for same-sex couples.
1ER124 (findings of fact ¶62).
The First Amendment itself preserves every religion’s ability to make its own
rules concerning its own religious marriages. And by adopting sectarian religious
doctrine to restrict marriage, Proposition 8 actually impinges upon the religious liberty
of Californians whose faith traditions, congregations and clergy have welcomed same-
sex couples to enter legal marriages in religious ceremonies. Establishment-clause
5
Brief of Amici Curiae United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, et al., at
1, 2.
-8-
and free-exercise principles should operate together to prohibit the enactment, as law,
of some sects’ doctrines to deny legal status to others’ marriages.
Proposition 8’s advocates, Proponents’ amici among them, often have insisted
that their ballot measure was warranted because marriage is of divine origin –
instituted by God.6 But California’s civil law should be blind to sectarian doctrines on
divine law.7 Even nonbelievers have a right to marry. That atheists and agnostics
enjoy the same legal right to marry as those who revere marriage as a divine
6
Endorsing Proposition 8 in September 2008, for example, the California
Southern Baptist Convention’s Executive Board declared “marriage was the first
institution ordained by God.” California Southern Baptist Board Endorses Proposed
Constitutional Marriage Amend., Sept. 23, 2008,
http://www.bpnews.net/bpnews.asp?id=28975 (accessed Oct. 25, 2010). The Mormon
Church First Presidency’s June 28, 2008 letter to all California congregations, was
similarly grounded in an assertion that “[m]arriage between a man and a woman is
ordained of God.” First Presidency Preserving Traditional Marriage and
Strengthening Families, June 28/29, 2010
http://www.jesuschrist.lds.org/ldsnewsroom/eng/commentary/california-and-same-
sex-marriage (accessed Oct. 25, 2010)). The Roman Catholic Church’s official
Catechism agrees that “‘God himself is the author of marriage.’” Catechism of the
Catholic Church ¶1603 (Washington, D.C.: Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2d ed. 1997).
That Church’s top doctrinal body insists that marriage “was established by the
Creator.” Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Considerations Regarding
Proposals to give Legal Recognition to Unions between Homosexual Persons, §2 at
11 (2003).
7
“From the state’s inception, California law has treated the legal institution of
civil marriage as distinct from religious marriage.” Marriage Cases, 183 P.3d at 407
n.11 (Court’s emphasis). The Family Code provides: “No contract of marriage, if
otherwise duly made, shall be invalidated for want of conformity to the requirements
of any religious sect.” Calif. Family Code. §420(c).
-9-
institution poses no threat to anyone’s religious liberty. No atheist or agnostic couple
may force any church or synagogue to open its doors to them. But neither may those
who deem marriage a divine institution “protect” their own sectarian religious beliefs
and practices by legislating any test of faith, or of religious propriety, to deprive
nonbelievers or the unorthodox of the legal right to marry.8
That people of different faiths may marry one another similarly poses no threat
to the religious liberty of faith traditions and clergy that reject, discourage, or restrict
interfaith marriages. For most of the twentieth century, the Roman Catholic Church’s
Code of Canon Law proscribed interfaith marriages.9 Dramatically liberalized in
1983, official Catholic doctrine still restricts interfaith marriage by requiring the
Church’s “express permission” for a Catholic to marry a non-Catholic Christian, and
“an express dispensation” for a Catholic to marry a non-Christian.10 Yet the Church
and its priests have never faced legal liability for refusing marriage rites to mixed-
8
See Torcaso v. Watkins, 367 U.S. 488 (1961) (a religious test for public office
held invalid as an invasion of “freedom of belief and religion”).
9
Michael G. Lawler, Interchurch Marriages: Theological and Pastoral
Reflections, in Marriage in the Catholic Tradition: Scripture, Tradition, and
Experience Ch. 22, 222 (Todd A. Salzman, et al., eds., 2004) (quoting Canon 1060 of
the 1917 Code of Canon Law: “The church everywhere most severely prohibits the
marriage between two baptized persons, one of whom is Catholic, the other of whom
belongs to a heretical or schismatic sect.”).
10
Catechism of the Catholic Church, supra note 6, ¶1635.
- 10 -
faith couples, and the religious liberty of California’s Catholics by no means requires,
nor could it justify, the State’s legal enforcement of their Church’s rules regulating
mixed-faith marriages.
In Judaism, the Orthodox and Conservative Movements forbid interfaith
marriages.11 The Rabbinic tradition proscribing mixed-faith marriage is grounded in
scripture.12 Yet California’s Jews do not think their religious liberty needs the
protection of state laws barring civil marriage of interfaith couples. Neither do their
rabbis and synagogues risk legal liability or loss of tax-exempt status by limiting
religious rites of marriage as they choose.
Islamic law is understood by many to bar interfaith marriages between a
Muslim woman and non-Muslim man, and also to prohibit marriage of any Muslim to
a polytheist or pagan.13 Some nations strive to defend the Muslim faith by
11
See Louis M. Epstein, Marriage Laws in the Bible and the Talmud 145-219
(1942); see also, e.g., David S. Ariel, What Do Jews Believe? 129 (1996) (“Judaism is
clearly and unequivocally opposed to intermarriage between a Jew and a non-Jew”);
Alfred J. Kolatch, The Second Jewish Book of Why, at 121 (2000).
12
Kolatch, The Second Jewish Book of Why, at 120 (“The prohibition of marriages
between Jews and non-Jews is biblical in origin. Deuteronomy 7:3 sets forth the law
clearly: ‘You shall not intermarry with them; do not give your daughters to their sons
or take their daughters for your sons.’”); see also Genesis 24:3-4; Exodus 34:11-16;
Joshua 23:11-13; Ezra 9-10; Nehemiah, 13:23-30; Malachi 2:11-12.
13
Yohanan Friedman, Tolerance and Coercion in Islam: Interfaith Relations in
Muslim Tradition 160-93 (2003).
- 11 -
incorporating these rules in their civil law.14 But the religious liberty of California’s
Muslims could not justify California’s adoption of similar rules, which the Ninth
Circuit holds amount to religious persecution if backed by governmental power.15
Under California law, a legally divorced man or woman may marry again. This
poses no threat to the liberty of Roman Catholics, whose Church both pronounces
divorce “a grave offense against the natural law,” and condemns remarriage by, or to,
a divorced person as “public and permanent adultery.”16 The Roman Catholic Church
insists that divorced people who remarry necessarily “find themselves in a situation
that objectively contravenes God’s law.”17 The Church accordingly “cannot recognize
the union of people who are civilly divorced and remarried.”18 Those who divorce
and remarry “cannot receive sacramental absolution, take Holy Communion, or
14
See Bandari v. INS, 227 F.3d 1160, 1163 (9th Cir. 2000) (noting Iranian
Ayatollah’s edict that “specifically forbids non-Muslims from marrying Muslim
women”); Norani v. Gonzales, 451 F.3d 292, 293 (2d Cir. 2006) (noting that an
interfaith Jewish-Muslim marriage “violates Iranian law and Muslim law (Shariah)”).
15
See Bandari, 227 F.3d at 1168.
16
Catechism of the Catholic Church, supra note 6, ¶2384.
17
Id. at ¶1650.
18
U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops, Compendium – Catechism of the Catholic
Church, ¶349 (Washington, D.C.: Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2006).
- 12 -
exercise certain ecclesial responsibilities as long as their situation, which objectively
contravenes God’s law, persists.”19
Neither may they sue the Church for enforcing these rules. No one may compel
a Catholic priest either to solemnize a wedding at odds with his Church’s doctrine, or
to give communion to those whom the civil law recognizes as legally divorced and
remarried. No Catholic Church has lost its tax-exempt status for denying anyone its
religious rites of marriage and communion. The civil right of the civilly divorced to
remarry poses no threat to the religious liberty of Catholics.
Recognizing same-sex couples’ legal right to marry threatens the religious
liberty of those who reject such marriages no more than recognizing the legal right of
mixed-race couples in Perez v. Sharp, 198 P.2d 17 (Cal. 1948), and in Loving, 388
U.S. 1, impaired the religious liberty of those who might reject interracial unions as
contrary to God’s law.
The Mormon Church for most of its history – indeed, until June of 1978 – both
barred blacks from its priesthood, and condemned interracial marriage.20 Its doctrine
19
Id. Pope Benedict XVI reportedly “dashed the hopes of those who begged him
to let Catholics who have divorced and remarried without getting an annulment take
Communion.” David Van Biena & Jeff Israelly, Getting to Know Him: How the Pope
is Showing Hints of Being His Own Man, TIME, Aug. 1, 2005, at 36, 38.
20
See generally Newell G. Bringhurst, Saints, Slaves, and Blacks: The Changing
Place of Black People Within Mormonism (1981); Lester E. Bush, Jr., Mormonism’s
- 13 -
was controversial, but no one could force the Church to let black men enter its
priesthood, and no interracial couple could insist upon being married in a Mormon
temple. The Church faced no legal liability, and suffered no loss of its tax-exempt
status, for refusing Mormon rites of marriage to mixed-race couples.
The Mormon Church itself observed, at the time, that “matters of faith,
conscience, and theology are not within the purview of the civil law.”21 Church
doctrine “affecting those of the Negro race who choose to join the church falls wholly
within the category of religion,” the First Presidency declared in 1969, and “has no
bearing upon matters of civil rights.”22 The Church quite clearly was protected by the
First Amendment when it limited marriage on the basis of race – even if it could not
impose its religious doctrine on others as civil law.
Allowing mixed-race couples to marry outside the Mormon Church thus
presented no threat to Mormons’ religious liberty to prohibit interracial marriages
within their Church. Allowing same-sex couples to marry outside the Mormon
Negro Doctrine: An Historical Overview, in Neither White nor Black: Mormon

Scholars Confront the Race Issue in a Universal Church 53-129 (Lester E. Bush, Jr. &
Armand L. Mauss, eds., 1984).
21
First Presidency, Statement on Position of Blacks within the Church and Civil
Rights, December 16, 1969, reprinted in Bringhurst, Saints, Slaves, and Blacks, supra
note 20, at 231-32.
22
Id.
- 14 -
Church similarly poses no threat to Mormons’ religious liberty. Any law purporting
to protect Mormons’ “religious liberty” by banning either mixed-race marriages or
same-sex marriages would have to be deemed utterly irrational.
The religious liberty of Proponents’ religious amici simply is not enhanced or
protected by inscribing their own faith traditions’ doctrinal restrictions in California’s
constitution – unless “religious liberty” means freedom to force others to follow your
own religious rules. It clearly does not. Our “‘law knows no heresy, and is
committed to the support of no dogma, the establishment of no sect.’”23 Under our
Constitution, “government may not promote or affiliate itself with any religious
doctrine.”24 Thus, the Supreme Court readily invalidates state laws barring the
teaching of Darwinian evolution or requiring instruction of “creation science,”
because they seek to codify religious doctrine.25 It properly keeps religious doctrine
out of our public schools.26 The State cannot constitutionally choose to impose the
23
Serbian Eastern Orthodox Diocese v. Milivojevich, 426 U.S. 696, 710-11
(1976) (quoting Watson v. Jones, 80 U.S. (13 Wall.) 679, 728 (1872)); accord Kedroff
v. Saint Nicholas Cathedral, 344 U.S. 94, 114 (1952).
24
County of Allegheny v. ACLU, 492 U.S. 573, 590 (1989).
25
See Epperson v. Arkansas, 393 U.S. 97, 104-09 (1968) (Darwinian evolution);
Edwards v. Aguillard, 482 U.S. 578, 593 (1987) (creation science).
26
See, e.g., Lee v. Weisman, 505 U.S. 577, 618-19 (1992); Epperson, 393 U.S. at
108-09.
- 15 -
traditions of one religion on members of another; it cannot say what is kosher, or holy,
or ordained by God.27
Perez v. Sharp, 198 P.2d 17, starkly frames the religious-liberty issue. When
California law prohibited a mixed-race marriage of two Roman Catholics, whose
Church blessed matrimony between believers of different races, the mixed-race couple
argued “that the statutes in question are unconstitutional on the grounds that they
prohibit the free exercise of their religion and deny to them the right to participate
fully in the sacraments of that religion.” Id. at 18. Justice Traynor wrote for a
plurality of three justices that if “the law is discriminatory and irrational, it
unconstitutionally restricts not only religious liberty but the liberty to marry as well.”
Id. Justice Edmonds provided the fourth vote, making a precedential majority, by
agreeing that a couple’s right to marry “is protected by the constitutional guarantee of
religious freedom.” Id. at 34 (Edmonds, J., concurring). Outlawing a marriage
between two Catholics of different races, because others thought God intended the
races to remain apart, violated Catholics’ religious freedom. See id.
Surely, Unitarian Universalists, members of the United Church of Christ and
Metropolitan Community Churches, Reform Jews, Reconstructionist Jews, and others
27
Commack Self-Service Kosher Meats, Inc. v. Weiss, 294 F.3d 415, 430 (2d Cir.
2002); Barghout v. Bureau of Kosher Meat & Food Control, 66 F.3d 1337, 1346-49
(4th Cir. 1995) (Luttig, J., concurring).
- 16 -
whose faith traditions bless marital unions without regard to the contracting parties’
race or sex, are entitled to the same religious liberty as Catholics. Proposition 8
deprives them of that liberty.
B. The Becket Fund’s Brief Underscores Proposition 8’s

Fundamental Irrationality
In a far-fetched attempt to justify Proposition 8, The Becket Fund asserts that
same-sex couples’ marriages will produce “wide-ranging church-state conflict,”
because “California includes gender and sexual orientation as protected categories
under public accommodations laws,” and because “[u]nder California law, gender and
sexual orientation discrimination in housing are prohibited.”28 The Becket Fund’s
objections clearly have far more to do with civil-rights laws protecting gays and
lesbians from discrimination than they do with California’s marriage law.
The City and County of San Francisco’s brief shows how, with the exception of
the right to marry, same-sex couples in California generally enjoy equal civil rights
with mixed-sex couples, with state laws prohibiting discrimination in public
employment, public accommodations, and the like. Domestic partners are accorded
legal rights commensurate with married couples. And same-sex couples also enjoy
the very same parental rights as mixed-sex couples, including the right to adopt.
28
Becket Fund Brief at 2, 6, 8 (citing Cal. Civil Code §§51(b), 51.5, 53, 782.5;
Cal. Gov’t Code §§12955-12956.2).
- 17 -
The Becket Fund’s imagined “threat” to the religious liberty of Californians
who wish to discriminate against same-sex couples comes from California’s
antidiscrimination laws, which Proposition 8 left untouched, not from the right to
civil marriage that Proposition 8 abolished. If discrimination is illegal anyway, then
simply acknowledging same-sex couples’ right to marry poses no additional threat to
the people or institutions wishing to discriminate against them. Proposition 8 cannot
be characterized as a rational response to a purported threat posed by the anti-
discrimination laws that Proposition 8 does not alter.
But the Becket Fund’s brief does not trouble itself with making sense. Citing
Evans v. City of Berkeley, 129 P.3d 394 (Cal. 2006), for example, the Becket Fund
says that if same-sex couples can marry, “[r]eligious institutions that object to same-
sex marriage will face challenges to their ability to access a diverse array of
government facilities and fora. This has already begun in Berkeley, where the Sea
Scouts have been denied leases of public parkland due to their position on
homosexuality.”29
Yet Evans preceded the Marriage Cases by two years, and had nothing to do
with same-sex marriages. And Proposition 8 does nothing to address whether
California municipalities should subsidize the Sea Scouts. It does not touch the
29
Becket Fund Brief at 9.
- 18 -
antidiscrimination ordinance applied in that case, and thus cannot be deemed a
rational response to Evans.
To further illustrate the threat posed by same-sex couples’ civil marriages, the
Becket Fund cites a 2003 district-court decision concerning the City of San Diego’s
dollar-a-year lease of 18 acres of Balboa Park to the Boy Scouts of America (“BSA”)
to operate regional headquarters from which it promotes an official program of
taxpayer-subsidized religious discrimination against Unitarian Universalists, atheists,
agnostics, homosexuals, and others.30 But the San Diego decision preceded the
Marriage Cases decision by half a decade, and the case had nothing to do with
marriage. The district court could not possibly have guessed in 2003 that the BSA
would in 2008 (during a lengthy and still pending appeal) enlist its taxpayer-sponsored
facilities in the campaign to enact Proposition 8.31 The right to marry simply was not
an issue – and Proposition 8 cannot be deemed a rational response.
30
Barnes-Wallace v. BSA, 275 F. Supp. 2d 1259 (S.D. Cal. 2003), questions
certified, 607 F.3d 1167 (9th Cir. 2010).
31
See 4ER1033 (Official Ballot Pamphlet, “Rebuttal to Argument in Favor of
Proposition 8,” signed by Robert Bolingbroke as “Council Commissioner, San Diego-
Imperial Council, Boy Scouts of America” (available online at
http://voterguide.sos.ca.gov/past/2008/general/argu-rebut/argu-rebutt8.htm (accessed
Oct. 25, 2010))).
- 19 -
The Becket Funds’ parade-of-horribles from other jurisdictions is similarly
divorced from reality. The Becket Fund tells this Court, for example, that the State of
New Jersey “has withdrawn the property tax exemption of a beach-side pavilion
owned and operated by a Methodist Church, because the Church refused on religious
grounds to host a same-sex civil union ceremony.”32
In truth, the property was not owned by “a Methodist Church,” but by the
Ocean Grove Camp Meeting Association (“OGCMA”) whose trustees must be
Methodists, and which “owns all of the land in the seaside community of Ocean
Grove, New Jersey.”33 OGCMA advertizes that it “welcomes everyone to enjoy this
beautiful, seaside community without discrimination based on race, gender, income
level, education, religion, or country of origin.”34 It obtained a New Jersey “Green
Acres” real-property tax exemption for the community’s beachfront boardwalk and
pavilion as public facilities to be held open for all to enjoy on an equal basis.35
32
33
Ocean Grove Camp Meeting Association v. Vespa-Papaleo, 339 Fed.
Appx. 232, 235 (3d Cir. 2009).
34
http://www.oceangrove.org/pages/faq (accessed Oct. 25, 2010).
35
Bernstein v. Parker, No. PN34XB-03008, Finding of Probable Cause, at (NJ
Office of the Attorney General, Dept. of Law & Public Safety, Div. on Civil Rights,
Dec. 29, 2008) (online at http://www.nj.gov/oag/newsreleases08/pr20081229a-
Bernstein-v-OGCMA.pdf (accessed October 25, 2010)).
- 20 -
When OGCMA denied its lesbian residents the use of their own residential
community’s supposedly public facilities because OGCMA trustees objected to same-
sex civil unions, the lesbian residents objected. And because the property in question
no longer was held open to all persons on an equal basis, it no longer qualified for the
“Green Acres” tax exemption accorded to properties made available for
nondiscriminatory public use.36
The case involved neither a Methodist Church, as the Becket Fund states, nor
same-sex couples’ right to marry – which New Jersey did not recognize. How
Proposition 8’s abrogation of California’s same-sex couples’ right to marry –
relegating them to the civil unions or domestic partnerships that OGCMA trustees
found objectionable – could constitute a rational response is something that the Becket
Fund never really explains.
As for the notion that religious institutions’ charitable tax exemptions could be
threatened by the civil marriages of same-sex couples, one of the Becket Fund’s own
editors acknowledges that “so long as large and historically important churches refuse
to recognize gay marriages,” it is “unlikely that the executive branch of any
36
See id.
- 21 -
jurisdiction would try to revoke tax exemptions over the issue.”37 The Becket Fund
offers no reason to think that the nation’s largest denominations – the Roman Catholic
Church and the Southern Baptist Convention – might change their positions on
marriage any time soon, let alone that same-sex couples’ civil marriages seriously
threaten religious institutions’ tax-exempt status.
But even supposing the Becket Fund is right that “robust protections for
conscientious objectors” are warranted,38 they can be obtained either by ordinary
legislative action or through the initiative process. That legislative accommodation
may be readily available should be apparent from the Becket Fund’s assertion that
“consensus exists among state legislatures” that willingly provide the “specific
exemptions for conscientious objectors to same-sex marriage,” that the Becket Fund
desires. Becket Fund Brief at 3.
Proposition 8’s wholesale abrogation, by constitutional amendment, of same-
sex couples’ right to marry amounts to gross overreaction that forecloses the kind of
legislative accommodation that the Becket Fund purports to favor. That is the kind of
action that the Supreme Court invalidated in Romer v. Evans, 517 U.S. 620 (1996).
37
Douglas Laycock, “Afterword,” in Same-Sex Marriage and Religious Liberty
189, 193 (Douglas Laycock, et al., eds.; The Becket Fund, 2008).
38
- 22 -
C. The District Court Did Not Err in Rejecting Religious

Rationales as a Sound Basis for Proposition 8
Proponents’ amici suggest that Chief Judge Walker committed reversible error
merely by observing that, on the record presented to him, “‘moral and religious views
form the only basis for a belief that same-sex couples are different from opposite-sex
couples,’” and that those views cannot provide a rational basis for sustaining
Proposition 8.39 But Judge Walker was right, and committed no error in finding that
Proposition 8 improperly codifies strongly negative attitudes toward homosexuality
and homosexuals, that indeed have no rational basis. See Lawrence v. Texas, 539 U.S.
558 (2003).
Proponents’ amici cry foul, objecting that governmental arbiters lack authority
to evaluate the rationality of religious motivations underlying Proposition 8.40 And
without doubt, well-established precedent holds that “‘[r]eligious beliefs need not be
acceptable, logical, consistent, or comprehensible to others to merit First Amendment
protection.’”41 In matters of faith, “‘as is true of all expressions of First Amendment
39
Brief of Amici Curiae U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops, et al., at 3 (quoting
1ER165).
40
See Brief of Amici Curiae U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops, et al., at 4-5.
41
Boy Scouts of America v. Dale, 530 U.S. 640, 651 (2000) (quoting Thomas v.
Review Board of Indiana Employment Sec. Div., 450 U.S. 707, 714 (1981)); accord,
e.g., Church of Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah, 508 U.S. 520, 531 (1993)
- 23 -
freedoms, the courts may not interfere on the ground that they view a particular
expression as unwise or irrational.’”42 Thus, no court may interfere with a religious
institution’s doctrinal limitations on who may marry within the scope of its own
religious rites. See supra.
Still, even statutes that impinge upon no fundamental right, and that target no
disfavored minority, must have “at least a rational basis” to survive judicial review.43
That is something that religious doctrine does not necessarily provide precisely
because – as Proponents’ amici must themselves acknowledge – religious rules need
not be tethered to any judicially cognizable rational basis. “When the government
appropriates religious truth,” Justice Blackmun thus observed in Lee v. Weisman, “it
‘transforms rational debate into theological decree.’”44 Chief Judge Walker rightly
recognized that Proposition 8 cannot be sustained on theological grounds.
(quoting Thomas); see also Employment Div. v. Smith, 494 U.S. 872, 887 (1990)
(“Repeatedly and in many different contexts, we have warned that courts must not
presume to determine . . . the plausibility of a religious claim.”).
42
Dale, 530 U.S. at 651 (quoting Democratic Party v. Wisconsin ex rel. La
Follette, 450 U.S. 107, 124 (1981)).
43
Honda Motor Co. v. Oberg, 512 U.S. 415, 429 (1994); see Lawrence, 539 U.S.
at 579-80.
44
Lee v. Weisman, 505 U.S. 577, 607 (Blackmun, J., concurring) (quoting
Nuechterlein, Note, The Free Exercise Boundaries of Permissible Accommodation
Under the Establishment Clause, 99 Yale L. J. 1127, 1131 (1990)).
- 24 -
Proponents’ amici counter by invoking the inspiring sweep of American
history, with illustrations of how religious belief has influenced the creation and
growth of our nation and its institutions. That religion may motivate people to engage
with the world, inspiring them to seek justice, can hardly be questioned – and is surely
a good thing. Yet from this it hardly follows that governmental action must be
accepted as rational whenever based in religious doctrine, or that such grounding can
place any law beyond judicial review. Even the proponents of slavery once cited
scripture to justify human bondage.45
Apparently blind to the irony of their argument, Proponents’ amici cite the
religious motivations of the Pilgrims who sailed on the Mayflower in 1620, that they
might escape the Old World’s established religious institutions in order to worship
God according to their own conscience, and of the Puritans who in the next decade
followed the Pilgrims to a New World.46
Two vibrant congregations descend from the Pilgrims who landed at Plymouth
Rock in 1620 and celebrated the First Thanksgiving in 1621. The Pilgrims’ First
45
See, e.g., Richard Furman, Exposition of the Views of the Baptists, Relative to
the Coloured Population of the United States in a Communication to the Governor of
South-Carolina (Charleston: A.E. Miller, 1823).
46
See Brief of Amici Curiae U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops, et al, at 19-20
& n.3.
- 25 -
Parish Church in Plymouth, Massachusetts has held forth at the top of Town Square
since 1620. And the Church of the Pilgrimage, separated by schism in 1801, stands
next door. One church is affiliated with the Unitarian Universalist Association, and
the other with the United Church of Christ. Both welcome committed same-sex
couples to marry, as does the First Church in Boston that John Winthrop conceived as
the beacon light of his Puritans’ shining “City Upon a Hill.”
If the history that Proponents’ amici recite tells us anything, it is that the heirs
of the Pilgrims and of the Puritans should be free to enter marriages in their own
churches, on their own terms – and that the religious doctrines of others provide no
sound or rational basis for depriving their marriages of legal recognition.
Proposition 8 cannot satisfy rational-basis review, let alone strict scrutiny.
IV. CONCLUSION
Proposition 8 amounts to an unconstitutional codification of hostility toward
loving relationships of gay men and lesbian women, yet does nothing at all to advance
anyone’s religious liberty. Quite the contrary, religious freedom is diminished when
- 26 -
government imposes the doctrines of some faith traditions on all. And humanity is
diminished when anyone is deprived of a basic right. The judgment below should be
affirmed.
DATED: October 25, 2010 Respectfully submitted,
s/ ERIC ALAN ISAACSON

ERIC ALAN ISAACSON
ERIC ALAN ISAACSON

erici@rgrdlaw.com
655 West Broadway, Suite 1900
San Diego, CA 92101
Telephone: 619/231-1058
619/231-7423 (fax)
STACEY M. KAPLAN
skaplan@btkmc.com
580 California Street, Suite 1750
San Francisco, CA 94104
Telephone: 415/400-3000
415/400-3001 (fax)
Attorneys for California Faith for Equality,
California Council of Churches, General
Synod of the United Church of Christ,
Universal Fellowship of Metropolitan
Community Churches, The Episcopal
Bishops of California and Los Angeles,
Progressive Jewish Alliance, Pacific
Association of Reform Rabbis, Unitarian
Universalist Association, and Unitarian
Universalist Legislative Ministry California
I:\EricI\First UU, Perry v. Schwarzenegger\9TH CIR Perry v. Schwarzenegger Amici.doc
- 27 -
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE
The undersigned counsel certified that the Brief of Amici Curiae California
Faith for Equality, California Council of Churches, General Synod of the United
Church of Christ, Universal Fellowship of Metropolitan Community Churches, The
Episcopal Bishops of California and Los Angeles, Progressive Jewish Alliance,
Pacific Association of Reform Rabbis, Unitarian Universalist Association, and
Unitarian Universalist Legislative Ministry California, in Support of Plaintiffs-
Appellees Kristin M. Perry, et al., and Urging Affirmance uses a proportionally
spaced Times New Roman typeface, 14-point, and that the text of the brief comprises
5,901 words according to the word count provided by Microsoft Word 2003 word
processing software.

ERIC ALAN ISAACSON
DECLARATION OF SERVICE
I, the undersigned, declare:
1. That declarant is and was, at all times herein mentioned, a citizen of the
United States and employed in the City and County of San Diego, over the age of
18 years, and not a party to or interested party in the within action; that declarant’s
business address is 655 West Broadway, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101.
2. I hereby certify that on October 25, 2010, I electronically filed the
foregoing document: Brief of Amici Curiae California Faith for Equality, California
Council of Churches, General Synod of the United Church of Christ, Universal
Fellowship of Metropolitan Community Churches, The Episcopal Bishops of
California and Los Angeles, Progressive Jewish Alliance, Pacific Association of
Reform Rabbis, Unitarian Universalist Association, and Unitarian Universalist
Legislative Ministry California, in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees Kristin M. Perry, et
al., and Urging Affirmance with the Clerk of the Court for the United States Court of
Appeals for the Ninth Circuit by using the appellate CM/ECF system.
3. Participants in the case who are registered CM/ECF users will be served
by the appellate CM/ECF system.
4. I further certify that some of the participants in the case are not registered
CM/ECF users. I have mailed the foregoing document by First-Class Mail, postage
prepaid, or have dispatched it to a third party commercial carrier for delivery within
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I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct.
Executed on October 25, 2010, at San Diego, California.

ERIC ALAN ISAACSON
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No. 10-16696
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
KRISTIN M. PERRY, ET AL.,
Plaintiffs-Appellees,
vs.
ARNOLD SCHWARZENEGGER, ET AL.,
Defendants,
and
PROPOSITION 8 OFFICIAL PROPONENTS
DENNIS HOLLINGSWORTH, ET AL.,
Defendants-Intervenors-Appellants.
Appeal From the United States District Court

for the Northern District of California
No. CV-09-02292 VRW
The Honorable Vaughn R. Walker
MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAE CALIFORNIA FAITH FOR
EQUALITY, CALIFORNIA COUNCIL OF CHURCHES, GENERAL SYNOD OF THE UNITED
CHURCH OF CHRIST, UNIVERSAL FELLOWSHIP OF METROPOLITAN COMMUNITY
CHURCHES, THE EPISCOPAL BISHOPS OF CALIFORNIA AND LOS ANGELES,
PROGRESSIVE JEWISH ALLIANCE, PACIFIC ASSOCIATION OF REFORM RABBIS,
UNITARIAN UNIVERSALIST ASSOCIATION, AND UNITARIAN UNIVERSALIST
LEGISLATIVE MINISTRY CALIFORNIA, IN SUPPORT OF PLAINTIFFS-APPELLEES
KRISTIN M. PERRY, ET AL., AND URGING AFFIRMANCE; AND FOR LEAVE TO SUBMIT
THE ATTACHED APPENDIX OF ADDITIONAL SUPPORTERS
ERIC ALAN ISAACSON STACEY M. KAPLAN

655 W. Broadway, Suite 1900 580 California Street, Suite 1750
San Diego, CA 92101 San Francisco, CA 94104
Telephone: 619/231-1058 Telephone: 415/400-3000
Attorneys for California Faith for Equality, California Council of Churches,
General Synod of the United Church of Christ, Universal Fellowship of
Metropolitan Community Churches, The Episcopal Bishops of California and Los
California
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
I. Introduction......................................................................................................1
II. Identity and Interest Of Amici .........................................................................1
III. Request for Leave to File Brief of Amici Curiae and Appendix of
Supporting Religious Organizations and Faith Leaders................................10
IV. Conclusion .....................................................................................................11
-i-
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
Page
CASES
In re Marriage Cases,
183 P.3d 384 (Cal. 2008) .......................................................................................................6, 7
STATUTES, RULES AND REGULATIONS
Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure

Rule 29(a).................................................................................................................................11
- ii -
I. Introduction
Amici curiae as religious organizations and faith leaders share an interest in this
case, which implicates both equal justice and religious freedom.
With this motion, the following religious organizations and faith leaders
respectfully seek leave to appear as amici curiae in this matter, and to file the
accompanying amicus brief: California Faith for Equality, California Council of
Churches, General Synod of the United Church of Christ, Universal Fellowship of
Metropolitan Community Churches, The Episcopal Bishops Of California And Los
California.
Amici seek leave also to submit the attached appendix of several hundred
religious organizations and faith leaders who have indicated through California Faith
for Equality that they wish to join in publicly supporting the ruling below that
Proposition 8 is unconstitutional.
II. Identity and Interest Of Amici
The identities and interest of amici curiae are as follows:
1. Amicus curiae California Faith for Equality is a multi-faith coalition
whose mission is to educate, support, and mobilize California’s faith communities to
promote equality for LGBT people, many of whom have been deeply wounded by
-1-
their own faith communities, and to safeguard religious freedom. As a multi-faith
organization, it respects and values the wisdom and perspectives of every faith
tradition, including both those that recognize same-sex marriage as a religious rite,
and also those that do not. Formed in 2005, California Faith for Equality formally
incorporated in October 2009.
2. Amicus curiae California Council of Churches is an organization of
California’s Christian churches representing the theological diversity in the State’s
mainstream and progressive communities of faith. Its membership comprises more
than 6,000 California congregations, with more than 1.5 million individual members,
drawn from 21 denominations spanning the mainstream Protestant and Orthodox
Christian communities.1
1
The Council’s membership includes: American Baptist Churches (American
Baptist Churches of the West; Pacific Southwest Region); African Methodist
Episcopal Church (Fifth Episcopal District); African Methodist Episcopal Zion
Church; Armenian Church of America (Western Diocese of the Armenian Church);
Christian Methodist Episcopal Church (Ninth Episcopal District); Church of the
Brethren (Pacific Southwest District); Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)
(Northern California-Nevada Region; Pacific Southwest Region); Community of
Christ; The Episcopal Church (Episcopal Diocese of California; Episcopal Diocese
of El Camino Real; Episcopal Diocese of Los Angeles; Episcopal Diocese of Northern
California; Episcopal Diocese of San Diego; Episcopal Diocese of San Joaquin);
Ethiopian Orthodox Church; Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (Pacifica
Synod; Sierra Pacific Synod; Southwest California Synod); Greek Orthodox Church
(Orthodox Diocese of San Francisco); Independent Catholic Churches
International; Moravian Church; National Baptist Convention; Presbyterian
Church (U.S.A.) (Presbytery of Los Ranchos; Presbytery of the Pacific; Presbytery of
-2-
Many churches in two of those denominations, the United Church of Christ,
and the Universal Fellowship of Metropolitan Community Churches, include
same-sex marriages in their religious liturgy and, until Proposition 8 took effect,
gladly opened their doors to same-sex couples who sought to be legally married in
religious rites of marriage.
The Council’s position on same-sex marriage is pro-religious freedom and pro-
church autonomy. Joining an amicus brief in the Marriage Cases, the California
Council of Churches declared: “Our commitment to religious liberty for all and equal
protection under the law leads us to assert that the State may not rely on the views of
particular religious sects as a basis for denying civil marriage licenses to same-gender
couples.”2
the Redwoods; Presbytery of Riverside; Presbytery of Sacramento; Presbytery of San

Diego; Presbytery of San Fernando; Presbytery of San Francisco; Presbytery of San
Gabriel; Presbytery of San Joaquin; Presbytery of San Jose; Presbytery of Santa
Barbara; Presbytery of Stockton; Sierra Mission Partnership; Synod of the Pacific;
Synod of Southern California & Hawaii); Reformed Church in America;
Swedenborgian Church; United Church of Christ (Northern California Nevada
Conference; Southern California Nevada Conference); United Methodist Church
(California-Nevada Conference; California-Pacific Annual Conference); Universal
Fellowship of Metropolitan Community Churches (Region 1; Region 6); Church
Women United; and Orthodox Clergy Council.
2
In re Marriage Cases, No. S147999, Brief of the Unitarian Universalist
Association of Congregations, et al., at xv-xvi (filed Sept. 26, 2007) (online at
http://www.courtinfo.ca.gov/courts/supreme/highprofile/documents/unitarianamicus.p
df (accessed Oct. 25, 2010).
-3-
3. Amicus curiae General Synod of the United Church of Christ is the
representative body of the national setting of the United Church of Christ (UCC),
which was formed in 1957 by the union of the Evangelical and Reformed Church
and The General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches of the United
States. It has 5,600 churches in the United States, with approximately 1.2 million
individual members.
The UCC and its predecessor denominations have a rich heritage of standing in
solidarity with those who are marginalized, oppressed, and who suffer under the
tyranny of injustice. Seeking spiritual freedom the Pilgrims, forebears of the UCC,
left Europe for the New World. As they departed, their pastor, John Robinson, urged
them to keep their minds and hearts open to new ways, saying “God has yet more light
and truth to break forth out of his holy Word.”
For over three decades, the General Synod has set a clear course of welcome,
inclusion, equality, and justice for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people. In
1975, it pronounced support for the full civil rights of gay and lesbian people,
declaring, “we hold that, as a child of God, every person is endowed with worth and
dignity that human judgment cannot set aside. Denial and violation of the civil
liberties of the individual and her or his right to equal protection under the law
defames that worth and dignity and is, therefore, morally wrong.” A July 4, 2005,
resolution affirms equal marriage rights for couples regardless of gender, opposing
-4-
governmental interference with couples who choose to marry and share fully and
equally in the rights, responsibilities and commitment of legally recognized marriage,
regardless of gender.
The General Synod has a direct interest in the right of gay and lesbian church
members to marry, and in the right of UCC clergy to officiate the legal marriages of
committed same-sex couples in their congregations.
4. Amicus curiae The Universal Fellowship of Metropolitan Community
Churches (“MCC”), with 250 congregations and 43,000 adherents, is the largest
Christian denomination ministering primarily to lesbians and gays, among others. For
four decades, MCC has made marriage equality an integral part of its spiritual
commitment to social justice. In 1969, MCC clergy performed America’s first public
marriage between persons of the same sex, and in 1970 MCC filed the first lawsuit
seeking legal recognition for such marriages. Each year, MCC clergy perform 6,000
wedding ceremonies for same-sex couples. MCC believes these marriages are
recognized and blessed by God and a community of faith, and seeks State recognition
of the ceremonies performed at MCC churches. MCC has a direct interest in restoring
the rights abrogated by Proposition 8, of same-sex couples in its congregations to
legally marry, and of MCC clergy to officiate legal marriages.
5. Amicus curiae the Rt. Rev. Marc Handley Andrus became the eighth
bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of California in 2006, and amicus curiae the Rt. Rev.
-5-
J. Jon Bruno became the sixth Bishop of Los Angeles in 2002. Both have worked to
assure gay, lesbian, and transgender persons an equal place in church and society.
Bishop Andrus’s Episcopal Diocese of California serves a diverse community
of faith, with 27,000 people forming 80 congregations, 22 of them missions, including
2 special ministries, in 49 cities and towns from the City and County of San Francisco
and the Counties of Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, and San Mateo, as well as Los
Altos, part of Palo Alto, and Stanford University in Santa Clara County. The
Diocese’s clergy include some 335 priests and 85 vocational deacons.
Bishop Bruno’s Episcopal Diocese of Los Angeles encompasses 85,000
Episcopalians in 147 congregations located in Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San
Bernardino, Santa Barbara, and Ventura counties. Served by some 400 clergy, the
Diocese also includes some 40 Episcopal schools and some 20 social service and
chaplaincy institutions.
The Episcopal Church’s governing body, its General Convention, resolved in
2006 to “oppose any state or federal constitutional amendment that prohibits same-sex
civil marriage or civil unions.”3 Bishop Andrus and Bishop Bruno welcomed the
decision of the California Supreme Court recognizing marriage equality, In re
3
Resolution 2006-A095, General Convention of the Episcopal Church (2009)
(available at http://www.episcopalarchives.org/cgi-bin/acts/acts_resolution-
complete.pl?resolution=2006-A095).
-6-
Marriage Cases, 183 P.3d 384 (Cal. 2008), with Bishop Andrus declaring: “All
children of God should be afforded the same rights under the law, and this decision
recognizes that all Californians, regardless of sexual orientation, have equal access to
one of our fundamental human institutions. This decision gives our church another
opportunity to partner with our state to ensure that all families have the support they
need to build relationships that strengthen our communities, state and country.”
Meeting last year in Anaheim, the General Convention expressly authorized
“bishops, particularly in those dioceses within civil jurisdictions where same-gender
marriage, civil unions, or domestic partnerships are legal, [to] provide generous
pastoral response to meet the needs of members of this Church”4 while the Episcopal
Church considers formal changes to its liturgy and canon law.5 Under this
authorization, amici curiae Bishop Andrus and Bishop Bruno, along with Bishop
Mary Gray-Reeves of the Episcopal Diocese of El Camino Real and Bishop James
4
Resolution 2009-C056, General Convention of the Episcopal Church (2009)
(online at
http://gc2009.org/ViewLegislation/view_leg_detail.aspx?id=898&type=Final
(accessed Oct. 25, 2010).
5
Mary Frances Schjonberg, Episcopal News Service, Liturgy and Music
commission hears call for openness, equality for same-gender couples, Oct. 20, 2010,
http://www.episcopalchurch.org/79425_125295_ENG_HTM.htm (accessed Oct. 25,
2010).
-7-
Mathes of the Episcopal Diocese of San Diego, permit their clergy to provide
liturgical blessings to same-sex couples.
6. Amicus curiae Progressive Jewish Alliance (PJA), www.pjalliance.org,
is a non-profit, California-based membership organization, with over 4,000 members,
which educates, advocates, and organizes on issues of peace, equality, diversity, and
justice. Founded in 1999, and with offices in Los Angeles and the San Francisco Bay
Area, PJA serves as a vehicle connecting Jews to the critical social-justice issues of
the day, to the life of the cities in which they live, and to the Jewish tradition of
working for tikkun olam (the repair of the world). As an integral part of its social
justice agenda, PJA supports equal access to marriage for all. Representing a people
who have long known the sting of marginalization and inferior citizenship, PJA
opposes any efforts to discriminate against same-sex couples, whether by
constitutional amendment or by the creation of second-class domestic partnerships or
civil unions. PJA’s views on this subject are grounded in the Jewish legal tradition
that the law should be applied equally to all, citizen and stranger alike. Those views
are further elaborated upon in PJA’s May 12, 2004, policy statement, which can be
found at http://www.pjalliance.org/article.aspx?ID=76&CID=9.
7. Amicus curiae Pacific Association of Reform Rabbis (PARR), is the
Western Region of the Central Conference of American Rabbis (“CCAR”). Dedicated
to the principals of Reform Judaism, PARR is the organization of over 350 Reform
-8-
rabbis in 13 states, 1 province, and New Zealand. This includes all of California. It
opposed Proposition 8 based on its beliefs and resolutions. In 1996 the CCAR
endorsed civil marriage for gay people and in 2000 it recognized the right of Reform
rabbis to perform religious marriage ceremonies for gay and lesbian Jews. PARR
accordingly has a direct interest in this case, for Proposition 8 bars its members from
officiating the legal marriages of same-sex couples in their California congregations.
8. Amicus curiae Unitarian Universalist Association (UUA) is a
denomination comprising more than 1,000 congregations nationwide, including many
of America’s founding churches and more than 70 congregations in the State of
California. The denomination’s membership includes, for example, the congregation
of the Pilgrims who ventured to sail on the Mayflower, landing at Plymouth Rock in
1620 and celebrating the First Thanksgiving in 1621, the First Parish Church in
Plymouth, Massachusetts, as well as the congregation organized in 1630 by John
Winthrop as the beacon light for his Puritan settlers’ shining “City upon a Hill,” the
First Church in Boston. These are churches whose ministers and congregations
today welcome same-sex couples to marry.
The UUA’s California congregations have similarly welcomed same-sex
couples to marry in their churches, and Unitarian Universalist ministers served their
congregations in 2008 by officiating legal marriages of many same-sex couples – until
Proposition 8 interfered.
-9-
9. Amicus Curiae Unitarian Universalist Legislative Ministry California
is a statewide justice ministry that cultivates and connects leaders and communities to
empower the public voice of those who share Unitarian Universalist values and
principles. The Ministry develops civic-engagement skills to educate, organize, and
advocate for public policies that: uphold the worth and dignity of every person;
further justice, equity, and compassion in human relations; ensure use of the
democratic process; protect religious freedom; and promote respect for the
interdependent web of all existence. As a matter of human dignity, Unitarian
Universalist congregations and clergy in California have long supported the freedom
to marry for same-sex couples, both in their religious rites, and as a civil right.
Hundreds of same-sex couples were legally married by Unitarian Universalist clergy
in California between June 17, 2008, and November 4, 2008, when Proposition 8 took
effect.
III. Request for Leave to File Brief of Amici Curiae and Appendix of
Supporting Religious Organizations and Faith Leaders
Amici curiae acknowledge that people of faith are by no means of one mind
concerning recognition of same-sex marriages as a religious rite. Yet people of faith
should be able to unite in recognizing full civic and legal equality of all Californians
when it comes to exercising fundamental rights – including the right to marry.
Amici curiae firmly believe that no place of worship should be forced to
conduct a wedding that is contrary to its beliefs or discipline. The liturgical

- 10 -
limitations of those that do not recognize same-sex marriage as a religious rite,
however, should not be imposed by law to bar other faith traditions from recognizing,
and their clergy from officiating over, the marriages of same-sex couples. And no
California couples, whatever their faith may be, should be deprived of the right to civil
marriage as a fundamental civil right, let alone be deprived of equal protection of the
laws.
Amici accordingly seek leave to file the accompanying brief, along with an
appendix of hundreds of faith-based organizations and faith leaders who wish to add
their names in support of the accompanying brief.
The parties have stipulated, pursuant to FRAP 29(a), to the filing of the amicus
brief.
IV. Conclusion
Amici respectfully request leave to file the accompanying brief, and the attached
appendix of additional supporters who join them in urging this Court to affirm the
judgment below.
DATED: October 25, 2010 Respectfully submitted,

ERIC ALAN ISAACSON
ERIC ALAN ISAACSON

erici@rgrdlaw.com
655 West Broadway, Suite 1900
San Diego, CA 92101
- 11 -
Telephone: 619/231-1058
619/231-7423 (fax)
STACEY M. KAPLAN
skaplan@btkmc.com
580 California Street, Suite 1750
Telephone: 415/400-3000
415/400-3001 (fax)
Attorneys for California Faith for Equality,

California Council of Churches, General
Synod of the United Church of Christ,
Universal Fellowship of Metropolitan
Community Churches, The Episcopal
Bishops of California and Los Angeles,
Progressive Jewish Alliance, Pacific
Association of Reform Rabbis, Unitarian
Universalist Association, and Unitarian
Universalist Legislative Ministry California
I:\EricI\First UU, Perry v. Schwarzenegger\9TH CIR Perry v. Schwarzenegger Motion.doc
- 12 -
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE
The undersigned counsel certified that the Motion for Leave to File Brief of
Amici Curiae California Faith for Equality, California Council of Churches, General
Synod of the United Church of Christ, Universal Fellowship of Metropolitan
Community Churches, The Episcopal Bishops of California and Los Angeles,
Progressive Jewish Alliance, Pacific Association of Reform Rabbis, Unitarian
Universalist Association, and Unitarian Universalist Legislative Ministry California,
in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees Kristin M. Perry, et al., and Urging Affirmance; and
For Leave to Submit the Attached Appendix of Additional Supporters uses a
proportionally spaced Times New Roman typeface, 14-point, and that the text of the
motion comprises 2,442 words according to the word count provided by Microsoft
Word 2003 word processing software.

ERIC ALAN ISAACSON
DECLARATION OF SERVICE
I, the undersigned, declare:
1. That declarant is and was, at all times herein mentioned, a citizen of the
United States and employed in the City and County of San Diego, over the age of
18 years, and not a party to or interested party in the within action; that declarant’s
business address is 655 West Broadway, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101.
2. I hereby certify that on October 25, 2010, I electronically filed the
foregoing document: Motion for Leave to File Brief of Amici Curiae California Faith
for Equality, California Council of Churches, General Synod of the United Church of
Christ, Universal Fellowship of Metropolitan Community Churches, The Episcopal
Bishops of California and Los Angeles, Progressive Jewish Alliance, Pacific
Association of Reform Rabbis, Unitarian Universalist Association, and Unitarian
Universalist Legislative Ministry California, in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees Kristin
M. Perry, et al., and Urging Affirmance; and For Leave to Submit the Attached
Appendix of Additional Supporters with the Clerk of the Court for the United States
Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit by using the appellate CM/ECF system.
3. Participants in the case who are registered CM/ECF users will be served
by the appellate CM/ECF system.
4. I further certify that some of the participants in the case are not registered
CM/ECF users. I have mailed the foregoing document by First-Class Mail, postage
prepaid, or have dispatched it to a third party commercial carrier for delivery within
three calendar days, to the following non-CM/ECF participants:
Anita L. Staver
Liberty Counsel
P.O. Box 540774
Orlando, FL 32854
Anthony R. Picarello Jr.

James F. Sweeney
Sweeney & Greene LLP
Suite 101
Jeffrey Mateer
Liberty Institute
Suite 1600
Plano, TX 75075
Jeffrey Hunter Moon

Lincoln C. Oliphant
M. Edward Whelan III

Suite 910
1730 M Street N.W.
Mathew D. Staver
Liberty Counsel
2nd Floor
Matiland, FL 32751
Michael F. Moses
Stuart J. Roth
American Center for Law and Justice
Thomas Brejcha
Thomas More Society
Suite 440
Chicago, IL 60603
Von G. Keetch
Kirton & McConkie, PC
Eagle Gate Tower
60 E. South Temple
I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct.
Executed on October 25, 2010, at San Diego, California.

ERIC ALAN ISAACSON
APPENDIX: LIST OF RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS AND FAITH LEADERS

SUPPORTING THE CALIFORNIA FAITH FOR EQUALITY BRIEF AND URGING
AFFIRMANCE
Local Faith Organizations Location

All Saints Church of Pasadena Pasadena
All Souls Episcopal Parish Berkeley
An Ecumenical Catholic Community Carlsbad
Bay Area Coalition of Welcoming Congregations Berkeley
Beth Chayim Chadashim Los Angeles
Better Vallejo Vallejo
Call To Action, Los Angeles Chapter La Canada
Call to Action, Palm Springs Chapter Idyllwild ,CA
Call To Action, Sacramento Chapter Sacramento
Call to Action, San Diego Chapter San Diego
CASE Domestic Violence Interfaith Project Long Beach
Catholics for Marriage Equality in California San Francsico
Church In Ocean Park Santa Monica
Community Church of Atascadero, United Church of Christ Atascadero
Conejo Valley Unitarian Universalist Fellowship Casa Conejo
Congregation Beth Am Mountain View
Congregation Kol Ami West Hollywood
Congregational Church of Belmont, United Church of Christ San Mateo
Congregational Church of Fullerton, United Church of Christ Anaheim
Covenant Network of Presbyterians San Francisco
Covenant Presbyterian Church Los Angeles
Dignity of Palm Springs Beaumont
Diocese of California American Catholic Church San Diego
Episcopal Church of the Resurrection Pleasant Hill
Fairview Community Church Costa Mesa
First Congregational Church of Long Beach Long Beach
First Light Ministries Alameda

First Unitarian Church of Los Angeles Los Angeles
First Unitarian Universalist Church of San Diego San Diego
Grace Cathedral of San Francisco San Francisco
Holy Cross Episcopal Church Castro Valley
Holy Redeemer Lutheran Church San Jose
Holy Spirit, Silver Lake Los Angeles
Humboldt Chapter Buddhist Peace Fellowship Arcata
Immaculate Heart Community San Diego
Inside Out Forums Pasadena
Los Angeles Hompa Hongwanji Buddhist Temple Monterey Park
Lutheran Church of Our Redeemer, Sacramento Sacramento
Lutherans Concerned of Los Angeles Glendale
Methodist Federation For Social Action Cal-Pac Chapter Santa Monica
Metropolitan Community Church, Los Angeles Los Angeles
Metropolitan Community Church, Oakland Oakland
Mission Peak Unitarian Universalist Congregation Fremont
Missiongathering Christian Church Disciples of Christ San Diego
Monte Vista Unitarian Universalist Congregation Montclair
Mt. Diablo Unitarian Universalist Church Walnut Creek
Mt. Hollywood Congregational Church Los Angeles
Muslims for Progressive Values Los Angeles
National Council of Jewish Women, California Long Beach
Neighbors Group of El Dorado County Federated Church Placerville
Noe Valley Ministry, Presbyterian Church (USA) San Francisco
Oasis Ministry, Episcopal Diocese of California Alameda
Rancho Palos
Pacific Unitarian Church Verdes
Pasadena Jewish Temple Center Pasadena
Progressive Christians Uniting Chino
Progressive Interfaith Alliance, Orange Coast Cypress
Redlands United Church of Christ Redlands

Sepulveda Unitarian Universalist Society North Hills
Seventh Avenue Presbyterian Church San Anselmo
Simi Valley United Church of Christ Simi Valley
St. Aidan's Episcopal Church, San Francisco San Francsico
St. Cuthbert's Episcopal Church, Oakland Oakland
St. James Church Los Angeles
St. Luke's Episcopal Church Walnut Creek
St. Paul's Episcopal Church Sacramento
St. Paul's United Methodist Church San Jose
Temple Beth El Aptos Jewish Community Center Aptos
That All May Freely Serve San Francisco
The Belfry, Lutheren Episcopal Campus Ministry Davis
The Center for Lesbian and Gay Studies in Religion and Ministry Berkeley
The Church of St. Savior Berkeley
The Metropolitan Community Church of San Diego San Diego
The Ministry to Community and World Santa Barbara
Throop Unitarian Universalist Church Sierra Madre
Trinity Church Palo Alto
Unitarian Society of Santa Barbara Santa Barbara
Unitarian Universalist Church of Palo Alto Palo Alto
Unitarian Universalist Church of Santa Rosa Santa Rosa
Unitarian Universalist Church of Studio City Studio City
Unitarian Universalist Church of the Monterey Peninsula Monterey
Unitarian Universalist Community Church Sacramento
Unitarian Universalist Fellowship of San Luis Obispo County San Luis Obispo
United Centers for Spiritual Living La Jolla
United Church of Christ Coalition for LGBT Concerns Laguna Hills
United Church of Christ Southern California Nevada Conference La Mesa
Unity Fellowship Church, San Diego San Diego
Unity of the Valley Spiritual Center Vacaville

Vallejo First United Methodist Church Vallejo
Welcoming Community Network/Community of Christ Chino Hills
West Hollywood Presbyterian Church West Hollywood
Westminster Presbyterian Church Sacramento
Faith Leaders Affiliation Location

Reverend Thomas Abel Cathedral of St. John the Beloved San Diego
Reverend Jonathan Church of St Paul in the Desert of Palm
Abernethy-Deppe Springs Palm Springs
Reverend Roger Aldi United Centers for Spiritual Living Burbank
Reverend Samuel
Alexander First Presbyterian Church of San Rafael San Rafael
Bruce Alexander St Mark's Episcopal Church Berkeley
Rabbi Mona Alfi Congregation B'nai Israel Sacramento
Reverend Dr. B. Eileen First Congregational Church of Palo Alto,
Altman United Church of Christ Palo Alto
Reverend Thomas E.
Ambrogi Progressive Christians Uniting Claremont
Cantor Michael Anatole Temple Beth Torah Ventura
Reverend Sky Anderson Metropolitan Community Church of San Jose San Jose
Dr. Karen Anderson Orange Coast Unitarian Universalist Church Irvine
Reverend Dr. John S.
Anderson St. John's Presbyterian Church San Francisco
Reverend Lyle Anderson II Community of Christ Santa Monica
Rabbi Melanie Aron Congregation Shir Hadash Los Gatos
Reverend Susan Ashton Ocean Ave Presbyterian Church San Francisco
Reverend Joy Atkinson Unitarian Universalist Association Berkeley
Minister Jay Atkinson Unitarian Universalist Church of Studio City Studio City
Dean Atkinson St. Marks Lutheran Church San Francisco
Reverend Dr. Michael
Backlund St. Paul Episcopal Church of Sacramento Angels Camp
Reverend Canon J. Edwin
Bacon All Saints Episcopal Church Pasadena
Reverend Anne Cox Bailey St. Luke's Episcopal Church Walnut Creek
Reverend Dr. Brian Baker Trinity Episcopal Cathedral Sacramento
Reverend Carissa Baldwin All Saints Episcopal Church Pasadena
Reverend Elizabeth Banks Unitarian Universalist Church of Davis Davis
Pastor Keith G. Banwart,
Jr. St. Matthew's Church Glendale
Reverend Canon Michael
Barlowe Episcopal Diocese of California San Francisco

Reverend Kay Barre United Methodist Church Lakeside
United Church of Christ- Northern California
Reverend Carol J. Barriger Nevada Conference Redwood City
Reverend Wendy Bartel Sierra Foothills Unitarian Universalists Auburn
Rabbi Lewis M. Barth Hebrew Union College Encino
Pastor Ryan Bell Hollywood Adventist Church Hollywood
Unitarian Universalist Congregation at Shelter
Reverend Christopher Bell Rock Santa Rosa
Reverend Jason E. Bense Lutheran Church of Our Redeemer Sacramento
Manhattan
Cantor David Berger Congregation Tikvat Jacob Beach
Rabbi Michael Berk Congregations Beth Israel San Diego
Rabbi Allan Berkowitz Sinai Synagogue Willow Glen
Rabbi Linda Earle
Bertenthal Union for Reform Judaism Los Angeles
Judge Bruce N. Berwald Inner Light Ministries Santa Cruz
Christ Chapel Metropolitan Community
Reverend Randy Besta Church Santa Ana
Reverend Dr. Duane
Bidwell Claremont School of Theology Claremont
Ms. Susan Bierman Call To Action, Los Angeles Chapter La Canada
Unitarian Universalist Community Church of
Reverend Rebecca Bijur Santa Monica Santa Monica
President Meredith L. Welcoming Community Network- Community
Bischoff of Christ Chino Hills
Mr. AJ Blackwood Progressive Interfaith Alliance OC Cypress
Reverend Machrina
Blasdell Episcopal Diocese of California San Francisco
Reverend Adam Blons First Congregational Church of Berkeley Berkeley
Rabbinic Intern Olga
Bluman City of Hope Los Angeles
Reverend Richard Bolin Trinity United Methodist Church of Los Osos Los Osos
Reverend Dr. Mark S.
Bollwinkel Los Altos United Methodist Church Morgan Hill
Reverend Lou Bordisso American Catholic Diocese of California Vallejo
Reverend Lisa Bove West Hollywood Presbyterian Church North Hills
Reverend Dale Bracey Stone Church of Willow Glen Los Gatos

Reverend Gerry Brague Chalice Christian Church San Francisco
Reverend Bonnie P.
Brandon St. Andrew's Episcopal Church Anaheim
Reverend Susan Kay Community Church of Atascadero, United
Brecht Church of Christ Atascadero
Reverend Paul R. Brenner St. Francis Lutheran Church San Francisco
Reverend Elizabeth Ann
Brick St. Andrew's United Methodist Church Sacramento
Office of Church Relations at Chapman
Reverend Nancy Brink University Orange
Reverend William Van Los Angeles Hompa Hongwanji Buddhist
Briones Temple Monterey Park
Rabbi Charles K. Briskin Temple Beth El of San Pedro San Pedro
Rector Phil Brochard All Souls of Berkeley Berkeley
Reverend John Brooke United Church of Christ Cotati
Reverend Mary Sue
Brookshire United Church of Christ La Mesa
Rabbi Sharon Brous IKAR Los Angeles
Reverend Dr. Donald
Brown All Souls Parish Berkeley
District Executive Ken Ray Pacific Southwest District, Unitarian
Brown Universalists Oxnard
Reverend Dr. Kevin
Burchette Buchanan Presbyterian Church (USA) Santa Rosa
Reverend Kevin Bucy Universal Spirit Center San Diego
Reverend Houston The Metropolitan Community Church of San
Burnside, Jr. Diego San Diego
Reverend Paul Anthony
Burrows Church of the Advent San Francisco
Reverend Sally Burton United Church of Christ San Bernardino
Mr. Michael Busch Unitarian Universalist Church of Davis David
Reverend John F. Butkis Dignity of Palm Springs Beaumont
Executive Director Pam
Byers Covenant Network of Presbyterians San Francisco
Ms. Caryl M. Callsen Call To Action, Sacramento Sacramento

Reverend David
Camphouse United Methodist Church Santa Maria
Reverend Lee Carlile El Segundo United Methodist Church El Segundo

Conejo Valley Unitarian Universalist
Reverend Helen Carroll Fellowship Atascadero
Intern Minister Tamara
Casanova Suzuki University Interfaith Center, CSU Long Beach Long Beach
Reverend Meghan Conrad Unitarian Universalist Community of the
Cefalu Mountains Grass Valley
Reverend John Chamberlin Hayward First United Methodist Church Hayward
Reverend Susan M.
Champion Christ the Lord Episcopal Pinole
Reverend Diana Cheifetz San Francisco Presbytery San Francisco
Reverend Jacqueline The Episcopal Church of St. John the
Cherry Evangelist San Francisco
Reverend Dr. Lynn
Cheyney Westwood Presbyterian Church Los Angeles
Community of Sts. Elizabeth of Hungary &
Reverend Brother Neil Francis
Victor Christensen de Sales- Interdenominational Sacramento
Minister Jan Christian Unitarian Universalist Church of Ventura Ventura
Pastor Wayne Christiansen Interfaith Peacemakers Los Angeles
Mr. Samuel Chu California Faith for Equality Los Angeles
Reverend Rachel L.
Ciupek-Reed Mt. Hollywood Congregational Church Los Angeles
California-Nevada Annual Conference
Reverend Tom Clark of United Methodist Church Grass Valley
Reverend Robbin Clark St. Mark's of Berkeley Berkeley
Rabbi Jennifer Clayman Congregation Beth Am Los Altos
Rabbi Heidi Cohen Temple Beth Sholom Santa Ana
Reverend Carolyn Colbert Unitarian Universalist Association Berkeley
Reverend Dr. Kenneth
Collier Unitarian Universalist Association Santa Barbara
Reverend Dr. Gary B.
Collins St. Mark Presbyterian Church Irvine
Unitarian Universalists Fellowship of

Redwood City & Faithful Fools Street
Ms. Michelle Collins Ministry Redwood City
Reverend Vicky Combs Unitarian Universalist Ministers Association Berkeley
Rabbi SusanS. Conforti Kaiser-Permanente Hospital Irvine

Reverend James P. Conn United Methodist Church Santa Monica
Director of Chil Lisa
Conway Los Altos United Methodist Church Morgan Hill
Reverend Kathy Cooper-
Ledesma Hollywood United Methodist Church Los Angeles
Rabbi Mychal Copeland Hillel at Stanford Stanford
Reverend Cheryl L.
Corneliussen Zion Lutheran Church Stockton
Reverend James Corrigan Mission San Diego San Diego
Rabbi Laurie Coskey San Diego
Reverend Prof. Louis
William Countryman Good Shepherd Episcopal Church Oakland
Chaplain David Cowell Professional Home Health Hospice San Mateo
Reverend Jason Cox Episcopal Urban Intern Program Los Angeles
Rabbi Jill Cozen-Harel San Francisco
Reverend Susan H. Craig All Saints Episcopal Church Pasadena
Reverend Donn Arlyn Crail West Hollywood Presbyterian Church Claremont
Reverend Norman Lee
Cram Saint Elizabeth's Sonoma
Reverend Pamela Cranston St. Cuthbert's Episcopal Church of Oakland Oakland
Minister Matthew Walter
Crary Universalist Unitarian Church of Riverside Riverside
Reverend Robin Crawford St. Andrew Presbyterian Church of Pacifica Pacifica
Reverend Dr. John Crean All Saints Church Pasadena
Reverend John Crepeau Dignity of San Diego San Diego
San Marino Congregational United Church of
Reverend Art Cribbs Christ San Marino
Reverend Brent A. Criswell United Methodist Church La Palma
Reverend Dr. John P. University of Southern California School of
Crossley Jr. Religion Los Angeles
Community Presbyterian Church of Pismo
Reverend Bob Crouch Beach Pismo Beach
Mr. David Crumrine Better Vallejo Vallejo

Reverend Pamela
Cummings Sonoma United Methodist Church Sonoma
Reverend Jerilyn Dahlke Presbyterian Church (USA) Rancho
Cordova

Reverend Dan Damon First United Methodist Church Richmond
Mrs. Carol Damonte Los Altos United Methodist Church Morgan Hill
Reverend David Daniels Love, Honor, Cherish Los Angeles
Reverend Rosemary Davis Claremont United Methodist Church Claremont
Reverend Walt Davis Presbyterian Church (USA) San Anselmo
Pastor Gregory Earl Davis Central Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) Glendora
Reverend Dr. Randall Day St. Mark's-in-the-Valley Episcopal Church Solvang
Reverend Nancy DeNero Mount Hollywood Congregational UCC Pasadena
Congregational Church of Belmont- United
Reverend Kristi Denham Church of Christ Belmont
Reverend Scott Denman St. John's Episcopal Oakland
Unitarian Universalist Fellowship of San Luis
Reverend Sean Dennison Obispo Counth San Luis Obispo
Reverend Edward J.
Dietrich Palm Springs
Reverend Tommy Dillon St. Aidan's Episcopal Church San Francisco
Reverend D. Rebecca
Dinovo Episcopal Church El Cajon
Reverend Thomas D.
Discavage St. James' in the City Los Angeles
Reverend Brian Keith
Dixon New Ground Community San Francisco
Reverend Melanie Donahoe Church of the Epiphany San Carlos
Rabbi Wayne Dosick The Elijah Minyan La Costa
Reverend Dr. David C.
Downing University Christian Church San Diego
Mr. Charles Dunker Los Altos United Methodist Church Redwood City
Reverend Amy Beth
Durward United Methodist Church Saint Helena
Reverend Ronald Gene
Dybvig Church of Santa Paula Santa Paula
Reverend Jonathan
Eastman Presbyterian Church of Saint Helena St. Helena
Reverend Terri Echelbarger Peninsula Metropolitan Community Church
Rabbi Lisa A. Edwards Beth Chayim Chadashim Los Angeles
Reverend Jonathan
Edwards Bethel United Church of Christ Ontario
West
Rabbi Denise L. Eger Congregation Kol Ami Hollywood
Bishop Emeritus Paul W. Southwest California Synod- Evangelical
Egertson Lutheran Church in America Thousand Oaks
Reverend Dr. Tom
Eggebeen Covenant Presbyterian Church of Los Angeles Los Angeles
Rabbi Stephen Einstein Congregation B'nai Tzedek Fountain Valley
Reverend John Lincoln
Eisel Bethany Presbyterian Sacramento
Kensington Community Church, United
Reverend Paula Elizabeth Church of Christ San Diego
Reverend Michael Patrick
Ellard Council of Churches of Santa Clara County San Jose
Reverend John Elliott Agape Culver City
Reverend John R. Embree Resurrection Lutheran Church Anaheim
Huntington
Reverend Allison English St. Wilfrid of York Episcopal Church Beach
Reverend George Erickson Presbytery of San Jose Watsonville
Reverend Stefanie Sabine
Etzbach-Dale Unitarian Universalist Church of Santa Clarita Santa Monica
Bishop Brenda Evans
Cooper Christ Chapel World Ministries San Diego
Reverend Janet Ewart Broadmoor Presbyterian Church Redwood City
Reverend Richard Gardner
Fabian All Saints Company San Francisco
Reverend John Fanestil United Methodist Church La Mesa
Father Geoffrey Farrow Roman Catholic Los Angeles
Reverend Michelle
Favreault Starr King School for the Ministry San Leandro
Reverend David J.
Ferguson Seventh-day Adventist Kinship Sunland
Reverend Robert H.
Fernandez Westminster Presbyterian Church Fair Oaks
Reverend Gabriel Ferrer All Saints' Beverly Hills Beverly Hills
Reverend Ted L. Firch First Christian Church Sacramento
Reverend Steve Fischter Hollywood Lutheran Church Los Angeles
Reverend Sue Fisher Presbyterian Church (USA) El Segundo
President Loring Fiske-

Phillips Redlands United Church of Christ Redlands
Rabbi Joel R. Fleekop Congregation Shir Hadash San Jose
Reverend Susan Fleenor Knox Presbyterian Church Santa Rosa
Reverend Dr. John C.
Forney All Saints Episcopal Church of Pasadena Chino
Reverend Jerry Fox St. Paul's United Methodist Church San Jose
Rabbi Allen I. Freehling University Synagogue Los Angeles
Reverend Doctor Richard Community Congregational Church- United
Freeman Church of Christ Chula Vista
Reverend John L.
Freesemann Holy Redeemer Lutheran Church San Jose
Reverend Arthur French Pasadena Presbyterian Church Pasadena
Reverend Paul Fromberg St. Gregory of Nyssa Episcopal Church San Francisco
Rabbi Pamela Frydman OHALAH San Francisco
Reverend Curt Fuller University City United Church San Diego
Reverend Jeffrey Gaines Seventh Avenue Presbyterian Church San Francisco
Reverend Dr. Jane
Galloway Immanuel Church Long Beach
Reverend Debbie Gara United Methodist Monrovia
Reverend Lynn Gardner Sierra Foothills Unitarian Universalists Auburn
Pastor Ronn Garton Presbytery of San Diego San Diego
Ms. Jennifer Gennari Unitarian Universalist Congregation of Marin Sausalito
Grace United Methodist Church of Long
Reverend Nestor S. Gerente Beach Long Beach
Reverend Elizabeth Gibbs
Zender Immanuel Presbyterian Church Los Angeles
Reverend Dr. Diana Gibson Presbyterian Church (USA) Menlo Park
Reverend Joel Gilbertson-
White Saint Francis Memorial Hospital Oakland
Rabbi Rosalind Glazer Beth Israel Judea San Francisco
Reverend Dr. Robert
Morris Goldstein St. Francis Lutheran Church San Francisco
Reverend Mark Goodman-
Morris Valley Presbyterian Church Portola Valley
Reverend Dr. June C.
Goudey United Church of Christ Simi Valley

Reverend Dr. Sharon R.
Graff Redlands United Church of Christ Redlands
First Unitarian Universalist Church of San
Reverend James Grant Diego San Diego
Rabbi Joshua Grater Pasadena Jewish Temple & Center Pasadena
Reverend Vicki Gray Christ the Lord Episcopal Church of Pinole Vallejo
Reverend Kathleen Green Unitarian Universalist Ministers Association La Mesa
Reverend Gerald Green Unity Fellowship Church of San Diego San Diego
Reverend Dr. Kathleen
Greider Claremont School of Theology Claremont
Reverend P. Joshua Griffin Episcopal Diocese of California San Francisco
Dr. Liora Gubkin Unitarian Universalist Fellowship of Kern
Malicdem County Bakersfield
Reverend Donald Francis
Guest Glide Memorial United Methodist Church San Francisco
Reverend Bill Habicht Davis Community Church Davis
Pastor Sara Haldeman-
Scarr First Church of the Brethren of San Diego Pomona
Reverend Patricia Hall Center for Spiritual Enlightenment Campbell
First Lutheran Church – Evangelical
Reverend James Hallerberg Lutheran Church of America San Diego
Reverend Sarah Halverson Fairview Community Church Costa Mesa
Pastor David John
Hamilton Napa Valley Lutheran Church Napa
Reverend Barbara A.
Hamilton-Holway Unitarian Universalist Church of Berkeley Kensington
Reverend Bill Hamilton-
Holway Unitarian Universalist Church of Berkeley Berkeley
Reverend Terry Hamilton-
Poore Presbytery of the Redwoods San Anselmo
Reverend Heather Hammer St. John's United Methodist Church Rohnert Park
Reverend Bet Hannon United Church of Christ Fresno
Reverend Sarah Hans Universal Spirit Center San Diego
Reverend Sharon Hare First Presbyterian Church of San Jose San Jose
Reverend Dan Harper Unitarian Universalist Church of Palo Alto Palo Alto
Reverend Rebecca Harrison Presbytery of San Francisco Walnut Creek
Pastor David J. Harvey Celebration of Faith San Jose

Reverend Canon Mary
Hauck St. Michael's Episcopal Church Carmichael
Reverend Peter D. Haynes Saint Michael & All Angels Episcopal Church Corona del Mar
Reverend Dr. Andrew F.
Headden El Dorado County Federated Placerville
Reverend Dr. Kathy Hearn United Centers for Spiritual Living La Jolla
Reverend Dr. Jane E.
Heckles United Church of Christ Claremont
Ministerial Intern Lara
Helfer Unitarian Universalist Church of Long Beach Long Beach
Reverend Richard E. The Episcopal Church of Our Saviour of Mill
Helmer Valley Mill Valley
Reverend Mark Henderson School for Deacons San Francisco
Reverend Maggi
Henderson Old First Presbyterian Church San Francisco
Pastor Alison Hendley San Rafael First United Methodist Church San Rafael
Reverend Pat D.
Hendrickson Episcopal Diocese of Los Angeles Thousand Oaks
Rabbi Alan Henkin Union for Reform Judaism Porter Ranch
Reverend Ivan Herman Carmichael Presbyterian Church Carmichael
Reverend April Marie
Herron Pacific Beach United Methodist Church San Diego
Conejo Valley Unitarian Universalist
Professor J. R. Hiatt Fellowship Agoura Hills
Reverend Pamela Higgins Benicia
Reverend Carol Clarke
Hilton Palomar Unitarian Universalist Fellowship Oceanside
Minister Anne Felton Hines Emerson Unitarian Universalist Church Canoga Park
Reverend Mary Louise
Hintz All Souls Episcopal Church Berkeley
Sojourn Chaplaincy at San Francisco General
Reverend Will Hocker Hospital Oakland
Reverend Martha Hodges Unitarian Universalist Community Church Sacramento
Senior Deacon Shelby Congregational Church of Fullerton,
Hogan United Church of Christ Anaheim
Reverend Dr. Michael L. Church of the Foothills, United Church of
Holland Christ & DOC Santa Ana
Reverend Michael
Hollingshead United Church of Christ

Reverend Dr. Glenda B.
Hope San Francisco Network Ministries San Francisco
Reverend Jeff Hopson First Congregational Church Stockton
Reverend Laura M. Horton- First Unitarian Universalist Church of
Ludwig Stockton Stockton
Reverend Ricky Hoyt First Unitarian Church of Los Angeles Los Angeles
Rabbi Jocee Hudson Temple Israel of Hollywood Santa Ana
Reverend Joan Huff 7th Avenue Presbyterian of San Francisco San Francisco
Reverend Kathy Huff First Unitarian Church of Oakland Oakland
Reverend Robert Iles Holy Cross Castro Valley Castro Valley
Rabbi Debbie Israel Congregation Emeth Saratoga
Reverend John Iwohara Venice Hongwanji Culver City
Reverend Thomas C.
Jackson Oasis California Alameda
Rabbi Steven B. Jacobs Progressive Faith Foundation Woodland Hills
Reverend Anne H. Jensen Christ Episcopal Church Oakland
Reverend Lucretia Jevne Episcopal Church Vacaville
Reverend Kevin A. Bloom in the Desert Ministries United Church
Johnson of Christ Palm Springs
Reverend Deborah Johnson Inner Light Ministries Aptos
Reverend Darin Johnson Lutheran-Episcopal Campus Ministry San Diego
Reverend Jeff R. Johnson University Lutheran Chapel of Berkeley Berkeley
Reverend Dr. Jay Johnson Pacific School of Religion Berkeley
Reverend Dr. Beth A.
Johnson Palomar Unitarian Universalist Fellowship Vista
Reverend Todd Jolly Seventh Avenue Presbyterian Church San Francisco
Reverend Dr. Alan Jones Campbell United Methodist Church Campbell
Reverend Allan B. Jones Christ Church United Methodist Santa Rosa
Reverend Roger Jones Unitarian Universalist Sacramento
Rabbi Valerie Joseph B'nai Torah Monterey
Dr. Daniel Joslyn-
Siemiatkoski Church Divinity School of the Pacific Berkeley
Reverend Lyn Juckniess San Francisco Presbytery San Mateo


Pastor Jocelyn Jurkovich- Lutheran Episcopal Campus Ministry at UC
Hughes Davis Davis
Chico New Thought Center for Spiritual
Reverend Karen L. Kahn Living Chico
Reverend Katie Kandarian-
Morris Starr King Unitarian Universalist Church Castro Valley
Reverend Daniel Kane First Unitarian Church of Oakland Oakland
Ministerial Candidate
Andrew Karlson Unitarian Universalist Oakland
North
Rabbi Jim Kaufman Temple Beth Hillel Hollywood
Reverend Rob Keim St. Mark's Episcopal Church Palo Alto
Dr. Alan D. Kelchner Danville Congregational Church Danville

La Canada
Reverend Anthony Keller St. Georges Church Flintridge
President Brian R. Kelly Dignity of San Diego San Diego
Reverend Keenan Colton
Kelsey Noe Valley Ministry San Francisco
Unitarian Universalist Fellowship of
Reverend Bill N. Kennedy Redwood City Redwood City
Reverend Zelda Kennedy All Saints Episcopal Church Pasadena
Reverend Kate Kennedy Unitarian Universalist Davis
Cantor Evan Kent Temple Isaiah Sherman Oaks
Reverend Dr. Flora A.
Kesheegian Church Divinity School of the Pacific Berkeley
Reverend Fances
Kieschnick Episcopal Diocese of California Palo Alto
Reverend InHo Kim Presbyterian Church (USA) San Francisco
Reverend Roger Kimble III Vallejo First United Methodist Church Vallejo
Canon Randolph Kimmler Holy Spirit Episcopal Community Los Angeles
Board President Jennifer Mission Peak Unitarian Universalist
King Congregation Fremont
Reverend Abigail King
Kaiser Presbyterian Church (USA) Oakland
Rabbi Paul Kipnes Congregation Or Ami Calabasas
Reverend Jim Kitchens Calvary Presbyterian Church San Francisco
Rabbi Lori Klein Alliance for Jewish Renewal Capitola

Reverend Nora Klynjan Church of Truth Carlsbad
Reverend Theolinda Knight Episcopal Diocese of California Berkeley
Temple Educator Janis
Knight Temple Beth Torah Ventura
Reverend Dan Koeshall Metropolitan Community Church San Diego
Reverend Victoria S.
Kolakowski New Spirit Community Church Oakland
Reverend Wendy Komori
Stager St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church Pleasant Hill
Reverend Peter Koopman Presbyterian (USA) San Jose
Reverend James Kosko Elk Grove United Church of Christ Elk Grove
Reverend Dale L. Kraai Presbyterian (USA) Laguna Niguel
Reverend Doug C B. Kraft Unitarian Universalist Society Sacramento
Reverend Dr. Reinhard Rolling Hills
Krauss St. Luke's Presbyterian Church Estates
Reverend Craig Kuehn Church of Our Saviour Placerville
Starr King School for the Ministry- Unitarian
Reverend Kurt A. Kuhwald Universalist Berkeley
Reverend Rebecca Kuiken Interfaith Council on Economics and Justice San Jose
Rabbi Jonathan Kupetz Temple Beth Israel Pomona
Institute for Judaism & Sexual Orientation
at Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of
Dr. Joel L. Kushner Religion Los Angeles
Rabbi Lawrence Kushner Emanu-El San Francisco
Reverend Dr. Jonipher J.
Kwong Sepulveda Unitarian Universalist Society Long Beach
Reverend Kathleen Fay La
Point-Collup Elk Grove United Methodist Church Elk Grove
Reverend Jose Luis La
Torre St. Johns Lutheran Sacramento
Reverend Peter Laarman Progressive Christians Uniting Los Angeles
Reverend Ghislain Labonte Unitarian Universalist San Diego
Reverend Scott Landis Mission Hills United Church of Christ San Diego
Episcopal Church of the Redeemer of San
Reverend Joseph Lane Rafael San Rafael
Reverend Anna Lange-Soto El Buen Pastor Episcopal Church Redwood City


Reverend Richard
Lawrence San Diego
Rabbi Martin S. Lawson Temple Emanu-El San Diego
Reverend Eric O.
Ledermann First Presbyterian Church San Bernardino
Reverend Donald Lee Sierra Pines United Methodist Church Sierra Pines
Reverend Stephen Lee Grace United Methodist Church Oakland
Reverend Dr. Katherine
Lehman St. Bede's Episcopal Church Menlo Park
Reverend Michael Lemaire All Souls Parish Episcopal Church Berkeley
Reverend Terry Lepage United Church of Christ Irvine
Reverend Joanne Leslie St. John's Episcopal Church of Los Angeles Los Angeles
Ms. Diana Levin Congregation Etz Chaim Ramona
Rabbi Richard Levy Hebrew Union College Los Angeles
Reverend Charles H. Lewis San Francisco Night Ministry San Francisco
Reverend Laurel Liefert First Unitarian Church of Oakland Berkeley
Pastor Leif Lind Glendale City Seventh-day Adventist Church Redlands
Reverend Eileen Lindsay Walnut Creek United Methodist Church Walnut Creek
Rabbi Richard M. Litvak Temple Beth El Aptos
Reverend James
Lockwood-Stewart Epworth United Methodist Church Berkeley
Reverend Odette
Lockwood-Stewart Epworth United Methodist Church Berkeley
Reverend Linda Loessberg-
Zahl United Methodist Church Elk Grove
Reverend Abel E. Lopez All Saints Episcopal Church of Pasadena Pasadena
Reverend Michael Love First United Methodist Church of Palo Alto Palo Alto
Reverend Kelly Love Fair Oaks United Methodist Church Fair Oaks
President Mary Lundholm Orange Coast Unitarian Universalist Church Costa Mesa
Reverend Brian Lyke Presbyterian Church (USA) Carmel
Pastor Max Lynn St. John's Presbyterian Church of Berkeley Berkeley
Dr. Joseph Lyons La Verne Church of the Brethren Claremont
Dr. Carol Mack United Church of Christ of Simi Valley Newbury Park

Reverend Kenneth
MacLean Unitarian Universalist Church of the Desert Rancho Mirage
Rabbi Dana Magat Temple Emanu-El San Jose
Intern Minister Sue First Unitarian Universalist Church of San
Magidson Diego San Diego
Pastor Paula Mann Presbytery of the Pacific Los Angeles
Pastor Sharon Mann Pacific Southwest Region El Cajon
Rabbi Paula Marcus Temple Beth El Aptos
Rabbi Janet Marder Congregation Beth Am Los Altos
Reverend Erin Martinson Christ Lutheran Church Pacific Beach
Rabbi Jeff Marx Santa Monica Synagogue Santa Monica
Reverend Dr. Paul
Masquelier Presbyterian Church (USA) San Jose
Reverend Stephen J.
Mather Coronado Community Church Coronado
Dr. Karolyn R. Mauro Mary Magdalene Apostle Catholic Community San Diego
Reverend Christine Mc
Spadden Grace Cathedral San Francisco
Reverend Melissa
McCarthy Epiphany- Episcopal Oak Park
Reverend Richard Missiongathering Christian Church Disciples
McCullen of Christ San Diego
Reverend Matthew
McDermott St. Marks of Palo Alto Palo Alto
Reverend Aaron McEmrys Unitarian Society of Santa Barbara Santa Barbara
Reverend Valerie McEntee Congregational Church of Belmont Belmont
Reverend Will C.
McGarvey Community Presbyterian Pittsburg
Reverend Debra McGuire St. John's Presbyterian Church San Francisco
Reverend Stephen McHale Episcopal Church of the Resurrection Pleasant Hill
Reverend Laurie McHugh First United Methodist Church of Palo Alto Palo Alto
Reverend Janet Gollery
McKeithen United Methodist Church Santa Monica
Reverend Melinda McLain City of Refuge United Church of Christ San Francisco
Intern Minister Patrick
McLaughlin Orange Coast Unitarian Universalist Church Vista
Reverend Christie
McManus St. John's Episcopal Parish Gualala

Reverend Kathleen
McShane Pacific School of Religion Berkeley
Minister Alexander Medina Christ Chapel World Ministries Encinitas
Unitarian Universalist Community Church of
Reverend Judith Meyer Santa Monica Santa Monica
Reverend Ben Meyers Berkeley Fellowship of Unitarian Universalists Berkeley
Mission Peak Unitarian Universalist
Reverend Barbara Meyers Congregation Fremont
Metropolitan Community Church of San
Reverend David Michaels Diego San Diego
Senior Pastor Reverend Valley Ministries Metropolitan Community
Terri Miller Church Stockton
Pastor Wilbert Miller First Lutheran Church San Diego
Unitarian Universalist Fellowship of San
Reverend David Miller Diego San Diego
Reverend Dr. Curtis E.
Miner United Church of Christ San Luis Obispo
Episcopal Church of the Incarnation, San
Reverend Darren Miner Francisco San Francisco
Rabbi Michelle Missaghieh Temple Israel of Hollywood Los Angeles
Reverend Dr. Randle
Richard Mixon First Baptist Church of Palo Alto Palo Alto
Reverend Aimee Moiso Presbyterian Church (USA) Santa Clara
Reverend Sarah
Moldenhauer-Salazar First Unitarian Church of Oakland Berkeley
Reverend Douglas James
Monroe First United Methodist Church of Napa Napa
Reverend Eichard Ora
Moore United Church of Christ Claremont
Reverend Joyce Kirk San Dimas Community United Church of
Moore Christ San Dimas
Rancho Palos
Minister John Morehouse Pacific Unitarian Church Verdes
Reverend Amy Zucker
Morgenstern Unitarian Universalist Church of Palo Alto Palo Alto
San Lorenzo Community Church United
Reverend Katie Morrison Church of Christ Oakland
Reverend Paul E. Mullins Grace Evangelical Lutheran Church San Francisco
Reverend David C.H.
Mundy Metropolitan Community Church Oakland

Senior Minister Ken Micah
Murdock Unity of the Valley Spiritual Center Vacaville
Rabbi Nancy Myers Temple Beth David Westminster
Dr. Deborah Nagle-Burks Oak Tree Bereavement Center/ St. Edmund's Pacifica
Professor Julius Nam Loma Linda University Loma Linda
Reverend Eric Nefstead The Episcopal Diocese of California San Francisco
Reverend Lee Neish Los Gatos United Methodist Church Los Gatos
Reverend Dr. Greg Nelson Second Wind San Francisco
Reverend Geoff Nelson Whittier Presbyterian Church Whittier
Reverend Dr. James A.
Nelson Neighborhood Unitarian Universalist Church Pasadena
Reverend Dr. Kim L.
Nelson Lakeside Presbyterian Church San Francisco
Reverend Dr. Paula Nesbitt All Souls Episcopal Parish Berkeley
United Church of Christ- Northern
Reverend Drew Nettinga California Nevada Conference San Leandro
Reverend Penny Newall St. Andrew Presbyterian Church Pacifica
Reverend CanonJames A.
Newman St. Bede's Episcopal Church Los Angeles
Minister Jeremy Nickel Congregation San Francisco
Reverend Catherine
Noellert Los Altos United Methodist Church Morgan Hill
Reverend Dr. Elizabeth
Nordquist Presbyterian Church (USA) Los Angeles
Reverend Dr. John T.
Norris Loomis Basin United Church of Christ Loomis
Reverend Doug Northrip Modesto First Christian Church Modesto
Mr. Albert O'Brien Call To Action, San Diego San Diego
Reverend John Oda David United Methodist Church San Francisco
Reverend Susan Oeffler Los Altos United Methodist Church Long Beach
Reverend Canon Albert J. St. Paul's Foundation for International
Ogle Reconciliation San Diego
Reverend Julia Older Unitarian Universalist Fellowship Redwood City
Reverend Sandy Olewine The Neighborhood United Methodist Church Long Beach
Reverend Dr. Karen P.
Oliveto Glide Memorial United Methodist Church San Francisco

Reverend Elane O'Rourke Campbell United Church of Christ San Jose
Reverend Carolyn Osborn Point Reyes Community Presbyterian Church San Rafael
Reverend Bob Oshita Buddhist Church of Sacramento Sacramento
First Unitarian Universalist Church of San
Reverend Kathleen Owens Diego San Diego
Reverend Dr. Carolyn S. First Unitarian Universalist Church of San
Owen-Towle Diego San Diego
Reverend Tom Owen-
Towle Tapestry, Unitarian Universalist Congregation San Diego
Westminster Presbyterian Church of
Pastor Thomas Oxtoby Sacramento Sacramento
Reverend Elizabeth Parab St. Edmund's Episcopal Church Redwood City
Pastor Larry Patten United Methodist Church Fresno
Reverend Dr. Geraldine
Anne Paulsen New Faith United Church of Christ Auburn
Reverend Debra Peevey Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)
Antelope Valley Unitarian Universalist
Dr. Ulrica Perkins Fellowship Lancaster
Pastor Craig Peterson Woodland Hills
Associate Minister Hannah
Petrie Neighborhood Unitarian Universalist Church Pasadena
Reverend WalterE. Phelps St. Brigid's Episcopal Church Vacaville
Reverend Giovanna M.
Piazza Ecumenical Catholic Santa Ana
Reverend Dr. Linda
Pickens-Jones United Methodist Church Santa Clara
Reverend Jay K. Pierce United Methodist Church of Merced Merced
Reverend Lauran Pifke St. Anne's Episcopal Church Fremont
Reverend George Vail
Pixley First Baptist Church of Claremont Claremont
Reverend Pamela Griffith
Pond Marin Lutheran Church Novato
Reverend Stina Pope Sei Ko Kai Christ Church Pacifica
Reverend R. Winston Rancho Santa
Presnall Presbyterian Church (USA) Margarita
Pastor Dr. Rebecca B.
Prichard Tustin Presbyterian Church Santa Ana
Reverend Sheri
Prud'homme First Unitarian Church of Oakland Berkeley

Reverend Ross Putnam Mission Hills United Church of Christ San Diego
First Congregational Church of Riverside,
Reverend Jane Quandt United Church of Christ Riverside
Reverend William Radatz First Lutheran Church San Diego San Diego
Unitarian Universalist Legislative Ministry of
Reverend Lindi Ramsden CA Sacramento
Reverend Benita A.
Ramsey Unity Fellowship of Christ Church Riverside Riverside
Reverend Ellen Rankin Presbyterian Church (USA) San Anselmo
Reverend Charles Rawlings Santa Clara County Council of Churches San Jose
Reverend Dr. John
Rawlinson St. James Episcopal Church of Oakland Oakland
St. Savior Inclusive Celtic Church of San
Reverend Kaaren Lynn Ray Francisco Berkeley
Reverend Roger Reaber Grace Presbyterian Church Walnut Creek
Reverend Dr. Deana Jo
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Reverend Dr. George Rector Emeritus, All Saints Episcopal of
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Pastoral Director Lawrence
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Rancho Palos
Reverend Diane Rehfield United Methodist Church Verdes
Reverend Elaine Reichert St. John's Oakland Oakland
Reverend Thomas William
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Reverend Scott Richardson St. Paul's Cathedral San Diego
Pastor Wayne Riggs Plymouth Church San Diego
Reverend Reese M. Riley St. Paul's Episcopal Church Tustin
Rabbi Ted Riter Temple Adat Elohim Thousand Oaks
Reverend Dr. Thomas B.
Robb Presbytery of San Jose Los Gatos
Reverend Luis Rodriguez Episcopal Church of the Saviour Hanford

Reverend Russell Richard
Roe United Church of Christ Palo Alto
Moderator of the 213th General Assembly of
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Reverend Richard
Rollefson Christ Lutheran Church San Diego
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Reverend Lisa Sargent Unitarian Universalist Church of Berkeley Berkeley
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Reverend Dr. Jane Shaw Grace Cathedral San Francisco
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Reverend Leslie Takahashi
Morris Mt. Diablo Unitarian Universalist Church Pleasant Hill
Reverend David Takahashi
Morris Mt. Diablo Unitarian Universalist Church Martinez
Reverend Wendy J. Taylor United Church of Christ San Mateo
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Reverend Rick A.
Yramategui Carmel Valley Community Chapel Salinas
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Case: 10-16696 10/25/2010 Page: 1 of 52 ID: 7522171 DktEntry: 198-1

Appeal From the United States District Court

BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAE CALIFORNIA FAITH FOR EQUALITY, CALIFORNIA COUNCIL

ERIC ALAN ISAACSON STACEY M. KAPLAN

CORPORATE DISCLOSURE STATEMENT

not controlled by any publicly held corporation.

II. IDENTITY AND INTEREST OF AMICI.......................................................4

A. Proposition 8 Denies, Rather than Protects Religious Liberty .............7

B. The Becket Fund’s Brief Underscores Proposition 8’s

C. The District Court Did Not Err in Rejecting Religious

Barghout v. Bureau of Kosher Meat & Food Control,

Boy Scouts of America v. Dale,

Church of Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah,

Commack Self-Service Kosher Meats, Inc. v. Weiss,

County of Allegheny v. ACLU,

Democratic Party v. Wisconsin ex rel. La Follette,

Employment Div. v. Smith,

Evans v. City of Berkeley,

Honda Motor Co. v. Oberg,

Kedroff v. Saint Nicholas Cathedral,

Ocean Grove Camp Meeting Association v. Vespa-Papaleo,

Serbian Eastern Orthodox Diocese v. Milivojevich,

Thomas v. Review Board of Indiana Employment Sec. Div.,

STATUTES, RULES AND REGULATIONS

California Civil Code

California Government Code

California Family Code

Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure

United States Constitution

Ariel, David S., What Do Jews Believe? 129 (1996).....................................................................11

Friedman, Yohanan, Tolerance and Coercion in Islam: Interfaith Relations in Muslim

Lawler, Michael G., Interchurch Marriages: Theological and Pastoral Relfections, in

Nuechterlein, Note, The Free Exercise Boundaries of Permissible Accommodation Under

U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops, Compendium – Catechism of the Catholic Church

Amici wholeheartedly concur with the plaintiffs-appellees on these points.

lesbian women to marry.

People of faith have come to a variety of conclusions about same-sex marriage.

Many churches and clergy, as a matter of doctrine, withhold formal recognition of

Church in California, may permit clergy to bless same-sex relationships without

congregations of the United Church of Christ, Unitarian Universalist Association, and

Metropolitan Community Churches, readily include same-sex couples in their rites of

marriage. Many of California’s Reform and Reconstructionist Rabbis joined its

Congregationalist, Unitarian Universalist, and Metropolitan Community Church

clergy in officiating legal marriages of same-sex couples in California – until

Proposition 8 eliminated same-sex couples’ right to marry.

religious liberty, and that Proposition 8 is a reasonable response. In truth, according

marriage to mixed-sex unions. For even if civil marriage is recognized as a

religious marriage rites.

divorced citizens to remarry in contravention of Catholic doctrine. Same-sex couples’

possessing a civil right to marry.

Though Proponents’ amici suggest that Proposition 8’s demolition of same-sex

United Church of Christ, the Universal Fellowship of Metropolitan Community

legal marriages of same-sex couples – until Proposition 8 adopted other sects’

religious doctrine to outlaw those marriages. They should be free to do so again.

Amici respectfully submit that Proposition 8 unlawfully deprives many

II. IDENTITY AND INTEREST OF AMICI

equality of all Californians, without discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation.

Equality, the Unitarian Universalist Legislative Ministry California (UULM CA),

California Council of Churches’ position is pro-religious freedom, pro-church

autonomy, pro-equal protection, and anti-enactment of sectarian dogma concerning

marriage. Churches in at least two of the 21 denominations represented in the

of Metropolitan Community Churches (MMC) – have welcomed same-sex couples

legal marriages of same-sex couples until Proposition 8 interfered.

free, until Proposition 8 took effect, to serve their California congregations by