INTRODUCTION

The Federal Parliament of Somalia (Somali: Golaha Shacabka Soomaaliya;

often Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya; Italian: Il parlamento federale della Somalia) is
the national parliament of Somalia. Formed in August 2012, it is based in the
capital Mogadishu and is bicameral, consisting of an Upper House (Senate) and a Lower
House (House of the People). The tenth Parliament of Somalia was inaugurated on 27
December 2016.

Post-transition Roadmap
As part of the official "Roadmap for the End of Transition", a political process devised by
former Prime Minister Abdiweli Mohamed Ali Gaas which provides clear benchmarks
leading toward the establishment of permanent democratic institutions in Somalia by late
August 2012, members of Somalia's then ruling Transitional Federal Government (TFG) and
other administrative officials met in the northeastern town of Garowe in February 2012 to
discuss post-transition arrangements. After extensive deliberations attended by regional
actors and international observers, the conference ended in a signed agreement between TFG
President Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, Prime Minister Ali, Speaker of Parliament Sharif Hassan
Sheikh Aden, Puntland President Abdirahman Mohamed Farole, Galmudug President
Mohamed Ahmed Alim and Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a representative Khalif Abdulkadir Noor
stipulating that: a new 225 member bicameral parliament would be formed, consisting of an
upper house seating 54 Senators as well as a lower house; 30% of the National Constituent
Assembly (NCA) is earmarked for women; the President is to be appointed via a
constitutional election; and the Prime Minister is selected by the president, who would then
name a council of ministers.

On 23 June, TFG and regional leaders approved a draft constitution after several days of
deliberation. The National Constituent Assembly, which consists of 30 elders drawn from
each of the country's four major Somali clans (Darod, Dir, Hawiye, Rahanweyn) and 15 from
a coalition of minority groups based on the 4.5 power-sharing formula, overwhelmingly
passed the new constitution on 1 August. 96% of the 645 delegates present voted for it, 2%
against it and 2% abstained. To come into effect, it must be ratified by the new parliament.
NEED OF THE STUDY
As always in Somalia, clan interests and alliances played a major role in deciding the
February 2017 presidential (s)election outcome, as did the involvement of foreign powers.
President Farmajo comes from one of the two biggest clans in Somalia, the Darod. Most
expected that, to ensure balanced clan representation, his prime minister would come from
the other largest clan, the Hawiye. This is what transpired when Hassan Ali Khayre took
office on 1 March 2017, although some Hawiye expressed dissatisfaction that he did not
come from one of the larger sub-clans within the group.14 Overall, the new government was
larger than Farmajo had promised, reflecting this need to be sufficiently ‘inclusive’ of all the
larger clans.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

 Despite repeated delays and instances of malpractice, the election of a new Parliament
marked a milestone in Somalia’s post-conflict transformation, the Secretary-General’s
Special Representative in that country told the Security Council today.

 Michael Keating, Special Representative and Head of the United Nations Assistance
Mission in Somalia (UNSOM), urged candidates in the forthcoming 8 February
presidential elections to adhere to the code of conduct they had signed, and to ensure
that the final stage of the electoral process was conducted according to the agreed
rules. He emphasized the need to resist pressure to change the polling date on
political grounds.

 “The electoral process has held up a mirror to Somalis in which they have seen the
good and the bad regarding how power is exercised,” he said. While the
parliamentary stage of the elections had been marred by instances of bribery, vote-
buying, intimidation and delays, most of the contests had been conducted correctly
and watched widely on social media.

 Despite its problems, the electoral process had seen encouraging outcomes, he
continued. The Upper House of Parliament had come into existence, comprising
54 members chosen on the basis of federal member state rather than clan; the
 electorate had expanded from 135 male elders in 2012, to more than 13,000,
30 per cent of whom were women; and voting had taken place in six locations around
the country, reflecting emerging State structures.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

Somaliland state, with the support of the FGS, secured its own Somaliland Special
Arrangement (SSA) within the Somali Compact, arguing that Somaliland had very
different long-term development requirements from the rest of Somalia. Somaliland
had already undertaken its own consultative process to produce its National
Development Plan, which it used to form the basis of its SSA.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY:

The study is both descriptive and analytical in nature. It is a blend of primary data and secondary
data.The primary data has been collected personally by approaching the online share traders who are
engaged in share market. The data are collected with a carefully prepared questionnaire. The
secondary data has been collected from the books, journals and websites which deal with online share
trading.

Source of data

Primary Sources: The primary data was collected through structured unbiased questionnaire and
personal interviews of investors. For this purpose questionnaire included were both open ended &
close ended & multiple-choice questions.

Secondary method: The secondary data collection method includes:

 Websites
 Journals
 Text books
Method Used For Analysis of Study

The methodology used for this purpose is Survey and Questionnaire Method. It is a time consuming
and expensive method and requires more administrative planning and supervision. It is also subjective
to interviewer bias or distortion.

LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

 President Farmajo has so far had no success in improving relations with the self-
declared independent state of Somaliland. After several postponements, Somaliland
held presidential elections in November 2017.

 The victor was Muse Bihi Abdi of the ruling Kulmiye Party. The defeated candidate,
Abdirahman Irro of the Waddani Party, claimed there had been fraud but the Supreme
Court upheld the result.

 Having come to blows on several occasions in the past, in January 2018 there was
renewed confrontation between Somaliland and Puntland over a contested border
area.

 Somaliland troops violently forced out Puntland troops from the town of Tukaraq in
Sool. In May 2018 there was another outbreak of violence.

 Puntland launched an offensive to try and re-take Tukaraq. Dozens were killed as
fighting continued into July. Efforts to negotiate a formal ceasefire have been
unsuccessful.

 Since then there have been several further low-level clashes. The situation remains a
stalemate.