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Terms of Reference
Investigation Team
Investigation Limitations
Primary reservoir
sands
(12.6 ppg)
Bottoms–up
Marker
Deepwater Horizon Accident Investigation 6
Cement Job
Cement is pumped down casing through
the float collar and up the annulus to
isolate the primary reservoir sands.
Choke Pull out ofKillhole April 19th 19:30 – April 20th 07:00
Boost with running
tool and drill Nitrogen cement slurry chosen
pipe
– To achieve light weight slurry due to
BOP Set and test limited pore pressure / fracture
casing hanger
seal assembly
gradient window
Sea Floor
00:35 – 02:50
Possible risk
36” Drill-Quip seal assembly installed – Stability of foam
Base Oil and successfully
Centralizer tested.
No lock down sleeve installed. – Relatively small volume
Spacer 28”
BOP
Risk of contamination using small
Sea Floor Foam volume of cement
Cement
Foam
14.5 ppg
Cement No fluid loss additives
14.5 ppg
Incomplete pre-job cement lab
Casing Centralizers
Spacer testing
14.3 ppg
Foam slurry was likely unstable
Float Collar
TopWiper
Top Wiper Plug
Plug and resulted in nitrogen breakout
Bottom Wiper Plug
Bottom Wiper Plug Shoe
Nitrogen Breakout
Deepwater Horizon Accident Investigation 8
Cement Slurry Design Issues
Y Mechanical Barrier
Failure Mode Identified Y
Y
Realistic Net Pay
Assumption N
Y
1400 psi recorded on
drill pipe during negative N
test at 18:30
Y
Ability to flow from
20:58 N
Y
Pressure Increase from
21:08 to 21:14 N
16ppg Spacer Y
Pressure Response from
21:31 to 21:34 N
14.17ppg SOBM (Mud)
8.6ppg Seawater
Influx
Y
Timing for Gas Arrival to
Surface N
Seal
N
Casing Static Kill
Shoe
Failure
Y Assembly
Failure
Reservoir
Flow Ports
Deepwater Horizon Accident Investigation 11
Hydrocarbons Entered the Well
Undetected and Well Control Was Lost
Kill
A positive pressure test verifies the
integrity of the casing and seal
assembly.
Cement
250 psi (low)
Mud 2700 psi (high)
Spacer Test successful
Proved integrity of blind shear rams, seal
assembly, casing and wiper plug
Test does not test the shoe track due to
presence of wiper plug
Primary
reservoir sands
Sea Floor
Negative test simulates underbalanced
15:56 – 16:53
424 bbls of 16 ppg
condition
spacer followed by 30 bbls
Cement of freshwater and 352 bbls
Spacer used between mud and seawater
of seawater pumped into well
Mud Leaking annular at start of test moved
Spacer 16:54 – 16:59 spacer across kill line inlet
50 bbls bled off
Seawater drill pipe due to Negative test started on drill pipe but
Influx leaking annular changed to kill line
Bleed volumes higher than calculated
Drill pipe built pressure to 1400 psi with
no flow on the kill line
Primary reservoir
sands
(12.6 ppg)
15 bbls
Primary reservoir
sands
(12.6 ppg)
Primary reservoir
sands
(12.6 ppg)
1400 0
PSI PSI
Riser
problem
BOP
Sea Floor
BOP
Anomalous pressure on drill pipe with no
Sea Floor
flow from kill line
Spacer
Casing SOBM Test incorrectly accepted as successful
Spacer
Seawater Negative testing not standardized
Influx
Shoe – 17,168’
TOC – 17,260’
FC – 18,115’
Reservoir
Shoe – 18,304’
Boost 21:08
Spacer arrived at surface April 20th 19:55 – 21:14
Shut pumps down
for sheen test
BOP 20:02 Resume displacement of mud with
20:02 seawater
Sea Floor
Annular opened
after negative
test
20:52 Well becomes underbalanced and
starts to flow
Cement 20:00 – 21:08
Resumed pumping
Mud Displaced riser with seawater After 20:58 gain being taken and pressure
Spacer until spacer is at surface
begins increasing
Seawater
20:52 – Flow from well masked by emptying
Mud + Seawater Well becomes underbalanced
of trip tank
Mix
Influx 21:08 Pumping stops for sheen test
– Pressure increases with pump off
20:58 - 21:08
39 bbl gain 21:14 Sheen test complete, displacement
resumes
Primary reservoir
sands
(12.6 ppg)
1200
Indication #1 to 21:08
1000 1500
800
1000
600
400
20:52-Flow starts 500
200
Cumulative Gain
0
0 39 300 0
bbl bbl bbl
20:45
20:50
20:55
21:00
21:05
21:10
21:15
21:20
21:25
21:30
21:35
1,017 psi
SOBM (mud)
Seawater
Influx
SOBM + seawater mix
21:08
1200
Indication #1 to 21:08
1000 1500
20:50
20:55
21:00
21:05
21:10
21:15
21:20
21:25
21:30
21:35
pump
1,017 psi
1200 Normal Flow Back
1000 Flow Out
Flow Rate (gpm)
Flow In
800
SOBM (mud)
Seawater
600
Influx
SOBM + seawater mix
400
200
21:08
0
16:50
16:55
17:00
17:05
1200
Indication #1 to 21:08
1000 1500
20:50
20:55
21:00
21:05
21:10
21:15
21:20
21:25
21:30
21:35
pump
1,017 psi 1,200 psi
#3: Drill pipe pressure
increased by 556 psi with
pumps off; ~300 bbl gain
SOBM (mud)
Seawater
No well control actions taken
Influx
SOBM + seawater mix
21:08 21:31
Explosion at 21:49
Close Drill Pipe
BOP Sealing
1500
Annular
Discussion about leaking
1000 “Differential Pressure”
- Mud and water raining onto deck
Mud overflowing
onto rig floor - TP calls WSL, getting mud back,
500 diverted to MGS, closed or was
Pumps shut down closing annular
21:32
21:34
21:36
21:38
21:40
21:42
21:44
21:46
21:48
21:50
Deepwater Horizon Accident Investigation 23
Hydrocarbons Ignited on the
Deepwater Horizon
Slip Joint Rated to 100 or 500 psi Liquid outlet from MGS goes to the Mud
Overboard
Caisson Boost Kill
System under the main deck
Choke
BOP
Seawater
Seawater/Mud Mix
Influx
Fwd
Aft
Rotary
Hose Hydrocarbons were routed to the mud gas
Mud
System IBOP separator instead of diverting overboard
Starboard Resulted in rapid gas dispersion across
Diverter Overboard
the rig through the MGS vents and mud
system
Port Starboard
Overboard 14” Diverter Line 14” Diverter Line Overboard
Slip Joint
Overboard
Caisson Boost Kill
Choke
BOP
BOP
Sealed at
Seawater 21:47
Seawater/Mud Mix
Influx
Fwd
3D view
Aft
Aft
Lower Annular
Stripping Element
Mux Cable
Hydraulic Conduit
LMRP
Accumulators
Lower Annular
21:47 a VBR likely closed and sealed the
Stripping Element
annulus
Upper VBR
Middle VBR
Wellhead Connector
Wellhead
April 20th
Damage to MUX cables and hydraulic line
Upper Annular
Upper VBR
Middle VBR
Wellhead Connector
Wellhead
April 20th
EDS attempts failed to activate BSR
Upper Annular
AMF sequence likely failed to activate BSR
Lower Annular
April 21st – 22nd
Stripping Element
Wellhead
Damaged MUX Cable AMF could not activate the BSR due to
defects in both control pods
HOT Stab
EDS
AMF AMF
HP BSR Close
Auto-shear
Deepwater Horizon Accident Investigation 36
Summary of Findings and
Recommendations
BP has accepted all the recommendations and is reviewing how best to implement across its
world wide operations