ELS4004 Digital Image Processing

Arithmetic And Logic Operations

Semester 2 2018/2019 2/21/2019 1
Outlines
 6.1 Arithmetic Operations: Fundamentals and
Applications
 6.2 Logic Operations: Fundamentals and Applications
 6.3 Tutorial 6.1: Arithmetic Operations
 6.4 Tutorial 6.2: Logic Operations and Region of Interest
Processing
 6.5 Problems

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What will We Learn?
 Which arithmetic and logic operations can be applied to
digital images?
 How are they performed in MATLAB?
 What are they used for?

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Arithmetic Operations: Fundamentals and Applications
 Arithmetic operations involving images are typically
performed on a pixel-by-pixel basis;

 Where opn is a binary arithmetic (+, −, ×, /) operator

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 Addition
 Addition is used to blend the
pixel contents from two
images or add a constant
value to pixel values of an
image.

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In MATLAB
 imadd function
 Be careful with values that exceed the maximum pixel
value for the data type being used.
 Normalization and truncation.

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 Subtraction
 Subtraction is often used
to detect differences
between two images.
 The differences may be
due to several factors,
such as artificial addition
to or removal of relevant
contents from the image
 Image subtraction can
also be used to obtain the
negative of an image

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 Multiplication and Division
 Multiplication and division
by a scalar are often used
to perform brightness
adjustments on an image.
 immultiply function

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Logic Operations: Fundamentals and Applications
 Logic operations are performed in a bit-wise fashion on
the binary contents of each pixel value.

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 In MATLAB
 Built-in functions
to perform logic
operations on
arrays: bitand,
bitor, bitxor, and
bitcmp.

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Tugas #2
 4.3 Tutorial 4.1: MATLAB Image Processing Toolbox—a
Guided Tour
 4.4 Tutorial 4.2: Basic Image Manipulation
 6.3 Tutorial 6.1: Arithmetic Operations
 6.4 Tutorial 6.2: Logic Operations and Region of Interest
Processing

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ELS4004 Digital Image Processing
Geometric Operations
Semester 2 2018/2019 2/21/2019 13
Outlines
 7.1 Introduction
 7.2 Mapping and Affine Transformations
 7.3 Interpolation Methods

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What will We Learn?
 What do geometric operations do to an image and what are
they used for?
 What are the techniques used to enlarge/reduce a digital
image?
 What are the main interpolation methods used in
association with geometric operations?
 What are affine transformations and how can they be
performed using MATLAB?
 How can I rotate, flip, crop, or resize images in MATLAB?
 What is image registration and where is it used?

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Introduction

 Geometric
operations modify
the geometry of an
image by
repositioning pixels
in a constrained way.

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Geometric operations goals
 Correcting geometric distortions introduced during the
image acquisition process (e.g., due to the use of a fish-eye
lens).
 Creating special effects on existing images, such as twirling,
bulging, or squeezing a picture of someone’s face.
 As part of image registration—the process of matching the
common features of two or more images of the same scene,
acquired from different viewpoints or using different
equipment.

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Most geometric operations consist of two basic
components:
 Mapping Function: This is typically specified using a set of
spatial transformation equations (and a procedure to solve
them)
 Interpolation Methods: These are used to compute the
new value of each pixel in the spatially transformed
image

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Mapping and Affine Transformations

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EOF

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