Corrección del Factor de Potencia

La mayoría de cargas residenciales (como lavadoras, aires acondicionados,

neveras, etc.) y cargas industriales (como motores de inducción) son
inductivas y por lo tanto operan con un factor de potencia en atraso.
Aunque la naturaleza inductiva de la carga no se puede cambiar, sí se
puede incrementar su factor de potencia.

Prof. Sergio Sepúlveda (sergio.sepulveda@ufps.edu.co) Análisis de Circuitos en Corriente Alterna

 Corrección del Factor de Potencia

𝐼𝐿 > 𝐼
Pérdidas en las líneas de transmisión:

𝑃 = 𝐼2 ⋅ 𝑅𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠

Se desea minimizar el valor de la corriente, lo que

implica un factor de potencia cercano a la unidad.

El proceso de incrementar el factor de potencia sin alterar la potencia real de la carga

se conoce como corrección del factor de potencia.

También se puede considerar como la adición de un elemento reactivo (usualmente un

capacitor) en paralelo con la carga para hacer que el factor de potencia se acerque a
uno.

Prof. Sergio Sepúlveda (sergio.sepulveda@ufps.edu.co) Análisis de Circuitos en Corriente Alterna

 Corrección del Factor de Potencia

𝜃1 → Á𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙
Potencia reactiva para un
𝜃2 → Á𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑛𝑢𝑒𝑣𝑜 capacitor:
𝑄1 𝑄2
tan𝜃1 = tan𝜃2 = 2
𝑃 𝑃 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠
𝑆= ∗
𝑍 ∗
𝑗
𝑍 =
𝑗 𝜔𝐶
𝑄1 = P ⋅ tan 𝜃1 𝑄2 = P ⋅ tan 𝜃2 𝑍=−
𝜔𝐶

2
𝑄𝐶 = 𝑄1 − 𝑄2 𝜔𝐶 ⋅ 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 2
𝑆= = −𝑗𝜔𝐶 ⋅ 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠
𝑗
𝑄𝐶 = 𝑃 ⋅ tan 𝜃1 − P ⋅ tan 𝜃2 𝑆 = 0 − 𝑗𝑄𝐶

𝑄𝐶 = 𝑃(tan 𝜃1 − tan 𝜃2 ) 2
𝑄𝐶 = 𝜔𝐶 ⋅ 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠

Prof. Sergio Sepúlveda (sergio.sepulveda@ufps.edu.co) Análisis de Circuitos en Corriente Alterna

 Corrección del Factor de Potencia

2
Igualando QC: 𝜔𝐶 ⋅ 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 𝑃(tan 𝜃1 − tan 𝜃2 )

𝑃(tan 𝜃1 − tan 𝜃2 )
𝐶= 2
𝜔 ⋅ 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠

Prof. Sergio Sepúlveda (sergio.sepulveda@ufps.edu.co) Análisis de Circuitos en Corriente Alterna

 Example
A motor is connected to a 220Vrms line from the
electric utility and it has a current of 7.6 Arms. The
active power delivered to the motor is 1317W.

a) Determine the apparent power, the reactive

power and the power factor when 𝜔 = 377 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠.
b) Find the capacitor that must be added in parallel
in order to make power factor equal to one.
c) Determine the current of the line from the
electric utility after installing the capacitor.

Prof. Sergio Sepúlveda (sergio.sepulveda@ufps.edu.co) Análisis de Circuitos en Corriente Alterna

 Example
Two loads are connected in parallel to a voltage
source of 1000Vrms at 60Hz. One load absorbs
500KW with a lagging power factor of 0.6, and the
second load absorbs 400KW and 600KVAR.
Determine the value of the capacitor that must be
added in parallel with both loads in order to
improve the global power factor to 0.9 lagging.

Prof. Sergio Sepúlveda (sergio.sepulveda@ufps.edu.co) Análisis de Circuitos en Corriente Alterna

 Example
A heating system has a real power of 2KW and it is connected
in parallel with an induction motor. From the motor’s plate we
can read: 5hp, 240v, 60Hz, ɳ=0.85, pf = 0.72. The loads are
fed by a generator of 339.41 cos 377𝑡 𝑣. Determine:

a) The apparent, active and reactive power of the system

b) The reactive power required to increase the power factor to
0.9
c) The value of the capacitor that must be connected in
parallel with the loads in order to improve the power factor
up to 0.9

Prof. Sergio Sepúlveda (sergio.sepulveda@ufps.edu.co) Análisis de Circuitos en Corriente Alterna

 Example
An industrial plant has two electric loads connected in
parallel to the power source. The voltage coming from
the plant is 4000 Vrms. One load is 30KW for heating
and the other one is a set of motors working together as
a load of 150KVA with a lagging power factor of 0.6.
Determine the total current and the power factor of the
plant.

Prof. Sergio Sepúlveda (sergio.sepulveda@ufps.edu.co) Análisis de Circuitos en Corriente Alterna

 Example

Two electric loads are connected in parallel to a voltage

source of 440Vrms at 60Hz. The first load has 12KVA with
a 0.7 lagging power factor; the second load is 10KVA with a
lagging power factor of 0.8. Find the average power, the
apparent power, and the power factor of the combined
loads.

Prof. Sergio Sepúlveda (sergio.sepulveda@ufps.edu.co) Análisis de Circuitos en Corriente Alterna

 Example
The source in the circuit shown in the figure delivers 50VA with a
lagging power factor of 0.8. Determine the unknown impedance Z.

Prof. Sergio Sepúlveda (sergio.sepulveda@ufps.edu.co) Análisis de Circuitos en Corriente Alterna

 Example
Consider the circuit shown in the figure. The resistor dissipates 500W of real power.
Determine:
a) Vrms
b) Is
c) The power factor seen by the source
d) |Vs|

Prof. Sergio Sepúlveda (sergio.sepulveda@ufps.edu.co) Análisis de Circuitos en Corriente Alterna

 Example
Two impedances are fed by a voltage source 𝑉 = 100 ∠ 160° 𝑣.
The current of the source is 𝐼 = 2 190° 𝐴. The first load
takes 𝑃1 = 23.2𝑊 and 𝑄1 = 50𝑉𝐴𝑅. Calculate:

a) The current through each impedance

b) The power factor on each impedance
c) The total power factor

Prof. Sergio Sepúlveda (sergio.sepulveda@ufps.edu.co) Análisis de Circuitos en Corriente Alterna

 Example
The figure below shows a three-wire domestic electrical supply.

From the refrigerator’s plate we know that the motor has a nominal current of
8.5Arms. You can assume a 45° angle for the inductive load of the fridge. The loads
of the lamp and the electric stove are 100W and 12kW, respectively.

Prof. Sergio Sepúlveda (sergio.sepulveda@ufps.edu.co) Análisis de Circuitos en Corriente Alterna

a) Calculate the currents in line 1, line 2 and the neutral line.
b) Calculate P and Q for the fridge, the lamp, the stove and the global power factor.
c) The neutral line resistance is increased to 20Ω due to corrosion and loosening. Find the
voltage through the lamp

Prof. Sergio Sepúlveda (sergio.sepulveda@ufps.edu.co) Análisis de Circuitos en Corriente Alterna