76 CHAPTER 3 Equilibrium and Support Reactions

Support Reactions P
þ’ MC ¼ 0
 
3
ÿAy ð16Þ ÿ ½250ð12ފð6Þ ÿ ð50Þð10Þ ð12 þ 3Þ
5
   
4 3
þ ð50Þð10Þ ð8 þ 4Þ ÿ ð220Þð10Þ ð12 þ 3Þ
5 5
 
4
ÿ ð220Þð10Þ ð4Þ ÿ ½160ð12ފð6Þ ¼ 0
5
Ay ¼ ÿ3503:75 lb
Ay ¼ 3503:75 lb # Ans.

MBAB ¼ 0
P
þ’
Ax ð18Þ þ 3503:75ð8Þ þ ½250ð12ފð6 þ 6Þ þ ½50ð10ފð5Þ ¼ 0
Ax ¼ ÿ3696:11 lb
Ax ¼ 3696:11 lb Ans.
P
þ! Fx ¼ 0
3 3
ÿ3696:11 þ 250ð12Þ þ ð50Þð10Þ þ ð220Þð10Þ þ 160ð12Þ þ Cx ¼ 0
5 5
Cx ¼ ÿ2843:89 lb
Cx ¼ 2843:89 lb Ans.
P
þ" Fy ¼ 0
4 4
ÿ3503:75 ÿ ð50Þð10Þ þ ð220Þð10Þ þ Cy ¼ 0
5 5
Cy ¼ 2143:75 lb
Cy ¼ 2143:75 lb " Ans.
Checking Computations
P
þ’ MB ¼ ðÿ3696:11 ÿ 2843:89Þð18Þ
þ ð3503:75 þ 2143:75Þð8Þ þ ½ð250 þ 160Þð12ފð12Þ
þ ½ð50 þ 220Þð10ފð5Þ
¼0 Checks

Example 3.11

Determine the reactions at the supports for the frame shown in Fig. 3.25(a).

Solution
Free-Body Diagram See Fig. 3.25(b).
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Static Determinacy The frame has r ¼ 4 and ec ¼ 1; since r ¼ 3 þ ec , it is statically determinate. continued

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 SECTION 3.5 Computation of Reactions 77

3 k/ft
25 k

Hinge
20 ft

30 ft

20 ft 20 ft
(a)

3 k/ft
25 k
B

20 ft

30 ft
C
Cx
Cy y
A Ax

Ay
x
20 ft 20 ft
FIG. 3.25 (b)

Support Reactions
P
þ’ MC ¼ 0
Ax ð10Þ ÿ Ay ð40Þ ÿ 25ð20Þ þ 3ð40Þð20Þ ¼ 0
Ax ÿ 4Ay ¼ ÿ190 (1)
MBAB
P
þ’ ¼0
Ax ð30Þ ÿ Ay ð20Þ þ 3ð20Þð10Þ ¼ 0
3Ax ÿ 2Ay ¼ ÿ60 (2)

continued
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78 CHAPTER 3 Equilibrium and Support Reactions

Solving Eqs. (1) and (2) simultaneously, we obtain Ax ¼ 14 k and Ay ¼ 51 k

Ax ¼ 14 k ! Ans.
Ay ¼ 51 k " Ans.
P
þ! Fx ¼ 0
14 þ 25 þ Cx ¼ 0
Cx ¼ ÿ39 k
Cx ¼ 39 k Ans.
P
þ " Fy ¼ 0
51 ÿ 3ð40Þ þ Cy ¼ 0
Cy ¼ 69 k
Cy ¼ 69 k " Ans.
Checking Computations
Checks
P
þ’ MB ¼ 14ð30Þ ÿ 51ð20Þ ÿ 39ð20Þ þ 69ð20Þ ¼ 0

3.6 PRINCIPLE OF SUPERPOSITION

The principle of superposition simply states that on a linear elastic struc-
ture, the combined e¤ect of several loads acting simultaneously is equal
to the algebraic sum of the e¤ects of each load acting individually. For
example, this principle implies, for the beam of Example 3.2, that the
total reactions due to the two loads acting simultaneously could have
been obtained by algebraically summing, or superimposing, the reactions
due to each of the two loads acting individually.
The principle of superposition considerably simplifies the analysis
of structures subjected to di¤erent types of loads acting simultaneously
and is used extensively in structural analysis. The principle is valid for
structures that satisfy the following two conditions: (1) the deformations
of the structure must be so small that the equations of equilibrium can be
based on the undeformed geometry of the structure; and (2) the struc-
ture must be composed of linearly elastic material; that is, the stress-
strain relationship for the structural material must follow Hooke’s law.
The structures that satisfy these two conditions respond linearly to
applied loads and are referred to as linear elastic structures. Engineering
structures are generally designed so that under service loads they un-
dergo small deformations with stresses within the initial linear portions
of the stress-strain curves of their materials. Thus, most common types
of structures under service loads can be classified as linear elastic; there-
fore, the principle of superposition can be used in their analysis. The
principle of superposition is considered valid throughout this text.
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