3) State your population.

* Our population is all UMP students.

5. For each set of data, find the measure of central tendency and measure of variation.

Column1 sample 1
(female < 30)

Mean 4.06
Standard Error 2.364021997
Median 1
Mode 1
Standard Deviation 11.82010998
Sample Variance 139.715
Kurtosis 23.44376503
Skewness 4.785571427
Range 60
Minimum 0
Maximum 60
Sum 101.5
Count 25

 Descriptive statistics output using

For Microsoft Excel (female < 30)

Column1 sample 2
(female > 30)

Mean 1.357142857
Standard Error 0.203510606
Median 1
Mode 1
Standard Deviation 1.20398498
Sample Variance 1.449579832
Kurtosis 5.342116343
Skewness 1.831587813
Range 6
Minimum 0
Maximum 6
Sum 47.5
Count 35

 Descriptive statistics output using

For Microsoft Excel (female > 30)
 Column1 sample 3
(male < 30)

Mean 4.28
Standard Error 0.86510115
Median 3
Mode 2
Standard Deviation 4.325505751
Sample Variance 18.71
Kurtosis 2.449414422
Skewness 1.713129233
Range 17
Minimum 0
Maximum 17
Sum 107
Count 25

 Descriptive statistics output using

For Microsoft Excel (male < 30)

Column1 sample 4
(male > 30)

Mean 4.4
Standard Error 1.390211882
Median 2
Mode 2
Standard Deviation 8.224604407
Sample Variance 67.64411765
Kurtosis 24.51367902
Skewness 4.66567155
Range 48
Minimum 0
Maximum 48
Sum 154
Count 35

 Descriptive statistics output using

For Microsoft Excel (male > 30)
Measure of central tendency

Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4

(Female < 30) (Female > 30) (Male < 30) (Male > 30)
Mean, 4.0600 1.3571 4.2800 4.4000
Median 1 1 3 2
Mode 1 1 2 2
Minimum 0 0 0 0
Maximum 60 6 17 48
Midrange, MR 30 3 8.5 24

Measure of variation

Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4

(Female < 30) (Female > 30) (Male < 30) (Male > 30)
Range 60 6 17 48
Variance, s2 139.7150 1.4496 18.7100 67.6441
Standard deviation, 11.8201 1.2040 4.3255 8.2246
s
6. Do different groups provide different conclusion to this study by comparing its
measures of central tendency and measure of variation. Give your reasons.

Yes, different groups provide different conclusions to this study. From the table, variance for
female which is 59.4743 is more than male variance which shows 46.5958. Consequently, we
can conclude that males spend more hours on doing physical exercise weekly compared to
females. Based on the tables below for measure of variation, we can see that different group
yield different values.
Column1 female

Mean 2.48333333
Standard Error 0.99560948
Median 1
Mode 1
Standard Deviation 7.71195784
Sample Variance 59.4742938
Kurtosis 54.91023
Skewness 7.27644469
Range 60
Minimum 0
Maximum 60
Sum 149
Count 60

 Descriptive statistics output using

For Microsoft Excel (female)

Column1 male

Mean 4.35
Standard Error 0.881247
Median 2
Mode 2
Standard Deviation 6.826109
Sample Variance 46.59576
Kurtosis 28.6334
Skewness 4.769645
Range 48
Minimum 0
Maximum 48
Sum 261
Count 60

 Descriptive statistics output using

For Microsoft Excel (male)
 Female Male
Mean, µ 2.6331 4.1449
Median 1 2
Mode 1 2
Minimum 0 0
Maximum 60 48
Midrange, MR 30 24

Female Male
Range 60 48
Variance, σ2 59.4743 46.5958
Standard Deviation, σ
7.7120 6.8261

9. Construct boxplots for all data sets on the same x-axis. Identify the shape of the
distribution. Compare and comment on the average and variability of the boxplots.

Figure above shows Boxplot of time spent UMP female and male students on doing
exercises weekly with different size.
 (i) Shape:

Sample 1: Based on location above, median falls to the left of the centre of the box, so
sample 1 (female < 30) has right-skewed distribution where most of female student spend
their time more doing exercises less than one hour in a week.
Sample 2: Based on location above, median can’t be seen because the Q1 and median, Q2
share the same value, so sample 2 (female >30) has right-skewed distribution where most
of female student spend their time more doing exercises less than one hour in a week as
well.
Sample 3: Based on location above, median falls to the left of the centre of the box too, so
sample 3 (male < 30) has right-skewed distribution where most of male student spend
their time more doing exercises less than 3 hours in a week.
Sample 4: Based on location above, median falls to the left of the centre of the box, so
sample 4 (male > 30) has right-skewed distribution where most of male student spend
time more doing exercises less than 2 hours in a week.

(ii) Average:

Based on the median value 50% of the female students spend their time more doing
exercises less than one hour in a week for both sample size, n<30 and n>30. However,
50% of the male students spend their time more doing exercises less than 3 hours in a
week when sample size, n<30 and less than 2 hours when sample size, n>30. on average,
male student spent time more time doing exercises in a week than female students.

Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4

(Female < 30) (Female > 30) (Male < 30) (Male > 30)
Minimum 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Q1 0.5000 1.0000 2.0000 1.2500
Median,Q2 1.0000 1.0000 3.0000 2.0000
Q3 2.5000 2.0000 4.0000 4.0000
Maximum 60.0000 6.0000 17.0000 48.0000
IQR 2.0000 1.0000 2.0000 2.7500
Mean, 4.0600 1.3571 4.2800 4.4000
Range 60.0000 6.0000 17.0000 48.0000
Q1-1.5*IQR -2.5000 -0.5000 -1.0000 -2.8750
Q3+1.5*IQR 5.5000 3.5000 7.0000 8.1250
Outlier yes yes yes yes
New Maximum 5.0000 3.0000 7.0000 8.0000
New Range 5.0000 3.0000 7.0000 8.0000
(iii) Variability:

Based on the IQR value, for the time spent on doing exercises for female students, IQR =
2 hours when sample size, n<30, where most 50% of the time spent between 0.5 – 2.5
hours and IQR = 1 hour when sample size, n>30, where most 50% of the time spent
between 1- 2 hours weekly. Meanwhile, for the time spent on doing exercises for male
students, IQR = 2 hours when sample size, n<30, where most 50% of the time spent
between 2 – 4 hours and IQR = 2.75 hours when sample size, n>30, where most 50% of
the time spent between 1.25 - 4 hours’ weekly. Since the value of IQR are almost same on
both condition, we can say that the level of variability is the same.

(iv) Range:

There are the outlines of 9 and 60 for the time spent on doing exercises weekly for female
students when sample size, n<30 and the outlines of 6 for the time spent on doing
exercises weekly for female students when sample size, n>30. Meanwhile, the outlines of
9,10,14 and 17 for the time spent on doing exercises weekly for male students when
sample size, n<30 and the outlines of 10,12 and 48 for the time spent on doing exercises
weekly for male students when sample size, n>30. The range for the time spent on doing
exercises weekly for female students when sample size, n<30 from minimum time of 0
hour to maximum time of 5 hours and when sample size, n>30 from minimum time of 0
hours to maximum time of 3 hours as compared to the range for the time spent on doing
exercises weekly for male students when sample size, n<30 from minimum time of 0 hour
to maximum time of 7 hours and when sample size, n>30 from minimum time of 0 hours
to maximum time of 8 hours.