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Contents Zoom In Zoom Out For navigation instructions please click here Search Issue Next Page
GOING THE
distance
with OM3 PAGE 11
Layer one:
First, do no harm
SECURITY PAGE 25
Will IP cameras
hog bandwidth?
EDITOR’S PICKS PAGE 29
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THE
ELEMENTS
OF
Enterprise Network
SUCCESS E
Ease
BoM Cs
Bill-of-Materials Customer
Tool Service
Oe
What’s the point Whether it’s
of having great Our FREE, a new LAN
products if you downloadable or a MAC,
can’t select and Bill-of-Materials our tool has Optical
order them easily? Tool makes it easy. you covered. Expertise
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CORPORATE OFFICERS
21 Enclosures play a role in high-
density cable management
Chairman Frank T. Lauinger
President and CEO Robert F. Biolchini PATRICK MCLAUGHLIN
Chief Financial Officer Mark C. Wilmoth
:: DEPARTMENTS
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:: EDITORIAL ::
on cablinginstall.com
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Anixter is a leading global supplier of communications and security products, electrical and electronic wire and cable, fasteners and other small components. We help our customers specify
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THE FUTURE IS ON
© 2010 Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.
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:: DESIGN ::
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:: DESIGN ::
supports the 10GBase-T alien cross- encoding of the line signal. When 100 meters. The Shannon capacity of
talk requirements and did not require ATM-622 was developed there was no a Category 6A channel is 18 Gbits/sec,
any modification in order to support task to match active equipment trans- while some advanced contemporary
the 10GBase-T application. Category ceiver parameters to those of the pas- systems using screened component
7 cabling, however, was not widely sive part of the communications chan- designs increase the Shannon capac-
accepted at the time the Institute of nel. The lack of optimization led to a ity values to between 30 and 40 Gbits/
Electrical and Electronics Engineers situation in which a Category 7 four- sec. Either cabling setup both guaran-
(IEEE; www.ieee.org) was developing connector, 100-meter channel was tees the normal functioning of the net-
the 10GBase-T standard. Plus, Category used for a little more than 10 percent work interface and ensures good cost
7’s higher performance is accompa- of the its theoretical 55-Gbit/sec chan- parameters of the cabling infrastruc-
nied by the aforementioned higher pri- nel capacity as calculated according ture solution as a whole. The most sig-
cetag, and Category 7 could not ensure to Shannon’s Theory. With such a low- nificant factor that defi ned the applica-
cost parameters required by practical percentage use of Category 7’s func- tion area of Category 7 solutions was
applications used in common general- tional capabilities, it is not surprising that the technology did not include an
purpose networks. For these reasons, that Category 7 does not measure up unscreened option.
as an economi-
cally advanta- Technical challenges
Data center permanent link lengths
geous option The 10-Gbit/sec Ethernet network
0.25
for 10-Gbit/sec interfaces use the potential capacity
0.20 transmission. of contemporary cabling channels to
From the data the highest degree. This achievement
0.15
presented in the was made possible by the application
0.10 chart on page 5 of a complex set of technical methods.
and the consid- Among them are the multilevel encod-
0.05
erations already ing intended to minimize the band-
0 made in this width of communications channels, the
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 >45
Permanent link length, m article, we can correcting and compensating mecha-
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:: DESIGN ::
www.cablinginstall.com
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:: DESIGN ::
to focus as the strong counterweight Taking stock of these consider- near-end and far-end crosstalk perfor-
to somewhat worse economic param- ations, we can confidently assume mance, in pair-to-pair and power-sum
eters, the smaller energy consump- the quantity of balanced twisted- models, by approximately 10 dB.
tion of network interfaces, which is pair and optical fi ber links in the typi- The major advantage of the partial
critically important for data centers. cal data center cabling system will be screening technology is that cabling
Nevertheless, to use
this advantage in actual
practice is not possible
The average length of the permanent link in
for several reasons.
The data center
the data center is less than 30 meters.
structured cabling has
a distinctive feature important from approximately the same. Taking into may be installed per unscreened
the viewpoint of project implementa- account the higher cost of Category cabling installation rules, making the
tion, which, taking into consideration 6A components compared to Category requirement to provide a telecommu-
prevailing market rates, is the heavi- 6 (about 50 percent higher on aver- nications bonding and grounding sys-
est portion of the materials bill for both age), we obtain the total volume of the tem—which is effective at frequen-
components and labor. The key here is Category 6A market, by value, to be cies within the order of hundreds of
the average length of the permanent about one-third of the overall volume of megahertz—irrelevant.
link in the data center, which is less the Category 5e and Category 6 office Therefore, from a technical point
than 30 meters compared to a typical cabling systems market. of view, application of such partial
40-meter permanent link in large com- screening design concepts rather
mercial office buildings. Structured cabling evolution effectively solves the problem of cre-
Two major factors influence the In the process of Category 6A technol- ating necessary alien crosstalk head-
data center’s shorter permanent-link ogy development a number of innova- room, which cannot be ignored in the
length compared to that of the com- tive solutions were created that had upper half of the 10G Ethernet fre-
mercial office environment. First is how no parallels in the previous genera- quency range. From a practical point
compact the data center is as an archi- tions of structured cabling. One such of view, partial screening technology
tectural facility, which is by design development was the partial-screening is advantageous because its increased
because of the high cost of real estate. technique. The approach was applied crosstalk margins noticeably acceler-
Second is the inherent availability of to cabling products in the form of a ate and simplify cabling installation.
a large quantity of cabling pathways metallic fi lm screen with gaps in the The aforementioned shorter aver-
under the access floor as well as over- metal coating. The gaps prevent for- age permanent-link distances found
head cabling containment systems mation of current loops without imped- in data centers has caused the emer-
typically located above equipment cab- ing normal functioning of the screen at gence of a new technology that, from
inets. The ready availability of cable frequencies beyond 300 MHz. the perspective of its transmission
distribution systems within data cen- The addition of a metallic film performance, can be qualified unoffi-
ters facilitates pathways that provide screen to the construction of distribu- cially as quasi-Category 6A. Cabling
the shortest routes for cabling links. tion cables, outlet modules, patch cords components that are not in full compli-
With such short-length perma- and other equipment does not worsen ance with the requirements of the com-
nent links, the network equipment their mass or dimension parameters; mercial office building and data center
can work in short-reach mode in the it does, however, ensure the increased structured cabling standards, may in
majority of cases. In such situations, resistance to external interfering elec- fact still support the desired 10GBase-T
any optical interface loses its power- tromagnetic radiation. As a result, sys- application. The major deficient param-
consumption advantage. tems of this type increase their alien eters of such components are insertion
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:: DESIGN ::
mance parameter optimization between cabling and active source of integrated solutions for our customers.
networking equipment aimed at obtaining new properties
of the integrated product. 2) Category 6A technology has its
own explicit application niche, which is the lower hierarchy
level (i.e. horizontal cabling) within data centers. 3) Present
Category 6A solution volumes should have a steady growth
trend. In the near future they will be limited to about one-
third of the volume of Category 5e and Category 6. 4) In the
process of Category 6A development, a number of innova-
tive solutions were created and implemented in structured
cabling practices; these solutions may lead to revisions of
some fundamental positions of industry standards.
it.ru)
___ and head of the structured cabling systems faculty at
www.cablinginstall.com
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W W W . S I E M O N . C O M
___________________________
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:: INSTALLATION ::
ieee.org)
_____ created the 10GBase-S (“S”
10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GbE) introduces Multimode standards and challenges standing for short wavelength) multi-
a challenging 2.6-dB insertion loss For many years 62.5/125-μm (OM1) mode fi ber specification with the goal
limit on OM3 fi ber cabling. This tight and conventional 50/125-μm (OM2) of providing 10GbE operating dis-
limit has led some industry observers multimode fi ber have
to suggest it is not possible to meet the dominated shorter-dis-
standard using regular, as opposed to tance communications
low-loss, MTP cassettes. Some have applications, such as
also suggested it is not possible to within a building or on
run fi ber cabling the full 300-meter a single-site campus.
distance specified in the 10GBase-S The fi bers easily sup-
standard when using MTP cassettes, port applications rang-
whether those cassettes are standard ing from 10-Mbit/sec
or low-loss. Ethernet to Gigabit
This article will describe indepen- Ethernet. Their rela-
dent testing contracted by Leviton tively large core sizes
and conducted by Intertek Testing simplify connections
Services, to perform benchmark and are ideal for use
testing of OM3 fi ber system perfor- with low-cost light-
mance. The testing proved that the emitting diode (LED)
10GBase-S standards can in fact be transmitters.
met with the latest generation of OM3 With the introduc-
fi ber systems using standard MTP tion of, and demand
cassettes, up to the full 300-meter for, 10-GbE, typical in data centers, tances of 300 meters. Laser-optimized
length limit. In addition, the results the physical limitations and properties OM3 fi ber was specified in TIA-
show the ability of the tested system of multimode optical fi ber are being 492AAAC to support both the IEEE
to support migration to 40- and 100- severely tested. Multimode fi ber pro- standard and economical vertical-cav-
GbE applications. vides many allowable paths for light to ity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs)
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:: INSTALLATION ::
dard cassettes.
Channels approaching the 300- Configuration 2, set up as shown here, was a 53-meter channel with 8 mated pairs.
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:: INSTALLATION ::
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:: INSTALLATION ::
All three configurations were found OM3 fi ber channel performance, show systems provide a solid founda-
to comply with all applicable criteria substantial margin under TIA inser- tion for future installations of 40GbE
of the TIA-568-C.0 standard. The con- tion-loss limits for 10GbE using stan- and 100GbE. The IEEE approved the
nectors tested not only meet the maxi- dard cassettes. With the assurance 802.3ba standard in June 2010; it speci-
fies a maximum insertion loss of 1.9 dB
for 40/100GbE using OM3 cabling. The
It is clear that 10GbE specifications systems tested here are already right
on the border of meeting that specifica-
can be met without the additional tion, indicating that organizations will
be able to upgrade with either no or
cost of low-loss cassettes. very limited system changes.
The future is here. LaserWave 550 fiber from OFS exceeds the requirements
of the new OM4 standard for high-speed networks. No multimode fiber offers
higher bandwidth for tomorrow’s 40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s applications. And it’s
DMD-tested to deliver more than twice the bandwidth for lasers that launch
power in the fiber’s center. Enjoy fast, reliable transmission and easier connectivity.
To learn more, ask your cabler about OFS or visit ofsoptics.com/fiber.
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• Heavy duty steel body, yet cost less than the big brand plastic tools
• Sturdy base for easy push-down termination
• Works with ICC EZ & HD Jacks, both EZ and HD heads are included
ICC Elite Installers get free tools. Curious? Give us a call or e-mail us.
Jenne
Available at
*When installed with ICC premise cables and tested per TIA specifications
© Copyright 2010, ICC.
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Innovation
meets
Application.
When Emcor creates new products, we develop them with a purpose in mind. As an industry leader in
the design, manufacture and integration of high-quality enclosures, Emcor offers a range of standard,
modified and custom products for any application. The only thing stronger than our enclosures is our
commitment to customer satisfaction. At Emcor, we see enclosures differently.
© 2010 Delaware Capital Formation, Inc. All Rights Reserved. DOVER®, the DOVER® Logo, Crenlo®, the
Crenlo® Logo, and Emcor® are registered trademarks in the United States [and various other countries] of
Delaware Capital Formation, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Dover Corporation.
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:: TECHNOLOGY ::
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:: TECHNOLOGY ::
facility is the hallmark of intelligent Consequently, the Saudi Arabian Europe accounted for 37 percent.
buildings, touted by many and realized economy was expected to continue Asia and the Middle East collectively
by few. Why have so few building own- its steady growth, “which has had a accounted for 23 percent of installed
ers built intelligence into new facilities, knock-on effect on the building con- systems in 2008.
and is the uptake of intelligent build- trols market,” the researcher said. It European energy legislation is mak-
ings likely to change anytime soon? continued, “Between 2006 and 2008 ing a significant impact on this market,
the market grow by over 30 percent, according to the study. In particular,
Looking at the market with further investment and building the Energy Performance of Buildings
A peek into the market for intelli-
gent buildings might be accomplished
by reading the results of a market The European legislation Energy
research report, completed last year,
by BSRIA Proplan (www.bsria.co.uk). Performance of Buildings Directive is
The report examines the world market
for building controls and includes cov- making an impact on the market.
erage of what it describes as intelligent
building controls – environmental, projects in the pipeline. BSRIA’s report Directive—in place in the United
which it refers to as IBC(e). Overall the expects the market to grow by just Kingdom, Germany and France—
report indicates that, like the major- over 6 percent in 2009-2010. The prod- is making its presence known. “The
ity of markets worldwide, the eco- uct and service markets are expected new energy legislation is an impor-
nomic crisis has hampered growth in to experience the largest growth over tant driver behind the growth of these
the building controls market in many the period of 2009-2010, with 6.8 per- markets, as it demands that buildings
countries. From 2006 to 2008, the con- cent and 8.3 percent respectively. must be energy-saving and energy-
solidated world market had witnessed Drivers behind this healthy growth efficient,” BSRIA noted.
healthy growth rates of more than 7 include growth in new construction, Commenting on the types of users
percent. BSRIA Proplan anticipated including various new projects already deploying these systems, BSRIA noted,
negative growth last year and this. in the pipeline and significant spend- “Installation of IBC(e) products and sys-
Even so, the total global IBC(e) busi- ing on education and universities.” tems vary from region to region. Offices
ness reached a level of $18 billion in Despite the fact that Saudi Arabia and industrial buildings are dominant in
2008 and, as BSRIA Proplan explained and perhaps other Middle East nations Europe and collectively hold 43 percent
when announcing the report’s avail- are where the market is growing, the of the European market. A different sce-
ability, “The IBC(e) service and main- BSRIA Proplan study points out that nario is evident in the Americas where
tenance market remained buoy- the United States remains the larg- recent demand has been driven strongly
ant through this turbulent time with est single market for IBC(e) products. by education and other public build-
expected growth of 1.4 percent during It said, “Total manufacturer’s turnover ings. The Middle East market has been
2009-2010.” reached just over $14 billion world- driven by demand for IBC(e) products in
The report specifically points to wide in 2008; America accounted for offices and commercial and retail build-
Saudi Arabia as a bright spot. In that the largest share with 39 percent of ings, while in Asia offices and industrial
country, the government plays an the global market, closely followed by buildings have been the main segments
important role in the national econ- Europe, which enjoyed 37 percent of for installation.”
omy and continues to encourage pri- the total manufacturer’s turnover.”
vate sector investment, such as in the The United States is also the world’s Research and advocacy
electricity generation and transmission market-share leader in installed sys- In North America, a group that has
network, BSRIA Proplan explained. tems, accounting for 40 percent while taken the lead in promoting and
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:: TECHNOLOGY ::
researching intelligent building sys- evolving trends in building technology also seek to understand the influence
tems is the Continental Automated convergence with a particular empha- of current and emerging intelligent
Buildings Association (CABA; ____
www. sis on smart-grid infrastructure. Areas building technology solutions, with an
caba.org).
______ For years the group has of interest will include energy efficiency, analysis that considers commercializa-
researched and advocated the intel- renewable energy technology, informa- tion, market preferences and product
ligent building marketplace. Among tion-technology convergence and the acceptance.
CABA’s most recent initiatives is the integration of buildings with the smart The old joke about perpetually
North American Intelligent Buildings grid. being six months away from conver-
Roadmap research project, which is Research organization Frost & gence may go by the wayside. Many
being carried out by CABA’s Intelligent Sullivan (www.frost.com) will con- of today’s structured cabling sys-
and Integrated Buildings Council and duct the project on CABA’s behalf. The tems support converged applications,
new Research Program. project will investigate the current including IP voice and security sys-
The project will be designed to pro- and future direction of the intelligent tems. In many ways convergence is
vide a current snapshot of the intelligent building market in North America— now the “current” big thing. Intelligent
building industry in North America by the region holding the greatest share buildings remain the “next” big thing,
highlighting industry trends and met- of products and systems according and how soon they will emerge in
rics, and evaluating the prospects and to BSRIA Proplan’s recent research. greater numbers remains to be seen.
challenges that face numerous industry CABA’s project will uncover the oppor-
stakeholders. According to CABA, the tunities the market represents for par- Patrick McLaughlin is chief editor of
project will also execute a review of the ticipants within the value chain. It will Cabling Installation & Maintenance.
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www.cooperbline.com/RCM-info
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:: DATA CENTER ::
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elements of cable management that performance and provide a new level Layer Zero concept and brand name is
can threaten network performance. of stability to the network. This inno- in part an effort to bring more atten-
tion to that often-overlooked part of
a network. As such, part of the effort
According to Gartner, energy costs was to “defi ne ways we can provide
better practices that will support this
from two racks filled with servers can rapidly expanding communications
network.”
exceed $105,000 on an annual basis. Legrand boiled its fi ndings down
to seven elements—each
“This absolutely includes proper air- vative approach to network design of which provides either an
flow, so we’re not impeding the cool- emphasizes best practices in pathway opportunity to enhance, or
ing requirements. In addition to mini- and physical support design to maxi- a threat to deter from, a data
mizing impact on consumption of mize network performance in data center’s overall performance.
energy, we want to make sure we’re center or LAN environments.” Legrand The seven elements are as
allowing network equipment to work offers a set of products, including follows.
at its maximum bandwidth capacity, racks and cabinets from Ortronics, in Airflow management
and network performance is not its Layer Zero solution set. Network performance
impacted. We have flexible cable- Macdonald summarized some of Flexibility
management solutions available that what Legrand found through its analy- Energy efficiency
do support more energy-efficient envi- sis of data center management, which Density
ronments and can handle the density ultimately led to the creation of the Protection
being thrust upon us.” Layer Zero concept. “Often when we Scalability
Legrand has developed a concept look at large projects, particularly data Designers and manag-
called “Layer Zero,” something of a center environments, budgets are ers of data center cabling
takeoff on the fact that a cabling infra- pretty well protected when it comes systems can take a number
structure resides on a network’s layer to network equipment,” she said. “But of measures to help ensure
one, or physical layer, in accordance users start to try to conserve money that the physical infrastruc-
with the OSI network model. While in cable-management solutions. The ture—traditionally layer one
the cabling system supports network physical layer, including cable man- and also Legrand’s branded
operations, the hardware that supports agement and pathways, has always “Layer Zero”—at least do
the cabling system is at the heart of been seen as a necessary evil but not not harm a network’s perfor-
Layer Zero. Legrand describes the something that got much attention. mance and in many cases
concept as “a new foundation for the Now, we’re fi nding out that we’re cre- even improve it. The list is
OSI model to address the critical role ating air dams and having a negative long and includes eliminat-
that infrastructure plays in network effect on network performance.” The ing pathway overcongestion,
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www.cablinginstall.com
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:: DATA CENTER ::
Some of Legrand’s enclosures are Nexus 7018. This particular version captures and guides hot exhaust from
built with vertical cable-management of the N-Series TeraFrame is a wide- the switch’s side out the cabinet’s
pathways for exactly this purpose. framed enclosure that the company rear. By doing so, the enclosure con-
Recently, Chatsworth Products (www.
____ says supplies high-density thermal verts the switch’s side-to-side airflow
chatsworth.com) introduced a ver- management and physical support. into a front-and-rear airflow pattern.
sion of its N-Series TeraFrame network The enclosure includes an integrated This capability enables the Nexus
cabinet engineered specifically for the network switch exhaust duct that 7018 to be used in a hot-aisle/cold-
aisle configuration.
Overall the N-Series TeraFrame
enclosures are designed to both man-
age airflow and manage the cabling
that reside within them.
Macdonald said it is important for
professionals designing data cen-
ter pathways today to look forward,
toward what those pathways will have
to support in the future. “You’re look-
ing at applications 10 to 15 years down
the road,” that these pathways will
need to support, she asserted. “Today
we’re designing pathways to support
Category 6, 100Base-T, 1000Base-T
and now 10-Gig. As we get into
10-Gig, unified computing and 40-Gig
applications, we need to be shifting
between copper and optical fi ber. And
we’re looking at greater density for
patch cords.”
She provided a forward-looking
point to consider for those designing
systems today. “Looking at designs
that get the layer-one interface
between cabling and connectivity out
of the active networking and server
cabinets allows users to maximize
that space for proper and effective
cooling rather than introducing pas-
sive components that can block proper
airflow.” In other words, consider path-
ways that allow connectivity to reside
____________ outside the enclosure.
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:: SECURITY ::
IP camera evolution
is pushing network bandwidth
H.264. Also known as MPEG-4 or
Advanced Video Coding (AVC), “H.264
Advancements in the capabilities of surveillance allows us to lower the bandwidth
cameras can put structured cabling systems to the test. needed for a camera,” Saks explained.
“Less video-recording storage is
BY PATRICK McLAUGHLIN needed per camera, and it allows users
to go to higher resolution per cam-
If the recent projections of an analyst wirelessly capture overviews of very era,” he explained. Previous com-
studying the network-camera market large indoor areas, such as shopping pression technologies used for high-
are accurate, in just a few years the malls or casinos, as well as high detail resolution images, particularly JPG,
majority of network cameras sold will situations including close-ups on indi-
have megapixel capability. In a report vidual faces or items being checked
entitled “The World Market for CCTV out by a cashier.”
and Video Surveillance Equipment,” These high-resolution capa-
Gary Wong of IMS Research (www.
____ bilities are among the chief con-
imsresearch.com) concludes that 2014 tributors to the need for local area
will be the crossover year when mega- network (LAN) cabling systems to
pixel network cameras will account for have enough throughput capacity
more than half of all network cameras to handle surveillance video. In a
shipped. recent webcast seminar hosted by
New cameras with megapixel and Cabling Installation & Maintenance,
other capabilities are coming onto Aaron Saks, a senior product trainer
the market rapidly. Over the summer with Panasonic Systems Networks
Toshiba Surveillance and IP Video Company of America (www.pana-
________
(www.toshibasecurity.com)
__________________ introduced sonic.com/security) and Carol Oliver,
the IK-WB16A-W IP camera, a 2-mega- RCDD/ESS, marketing analyst with
pixel pan/tilt/zoom camera that is Berk-Tek, a Nexans company (www.
____
Toshiba’s IK-WB16-A-W IP camera
equipped with 802.11n wireless con- berktek.com),
________ discussed the emerg- might be the Frankenstein’s monster of
nectivity. The non-wireless version of ing capabilities being built into net- IP convergence. It is a 2-megapixel pan/
the camera is equipped with Power work cameras and the impact the situ- tilt/zoom camera that is equipped with
802.11n wireless connectivity, while the
over Ethernet functionality. ation is having on structured cabling
wired version has Power over Ethernet
When the camera was introduced, systems. functionality.
Toshiba’s director of sales and mar-
keting Sergio Collazo explained that H.264 compression consumed a lot of bandwidth. By low-
the camera’s megapixel resolution Saks described in some detail the hot- ering the bandwidth required for high-
“enables a single IK-WB16-A-W to test video-compression standard, resolution images, H.264 is allowing
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:: SECURITY ::
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:: SECURITY ::
than what is frequently referred to days worth of 24-hour video footage. better electrical characteristics,” she
as “full-HD”—HD1080P. Likewise, During his presentation, Saks also explained, adding that it is wise for a
a 1.3-megapixel camera produces discussed some other new capabili- user to install a better cabling system
higher-resolution images than an ties being built into IP cameras that if that cabling system will be used
HD720P camera. Saks suggested it is may not greatly affect the amount of well into the future, and if it is pos-
important for users to understand the bandwidth the cameras consume. sible that other devices will be added
differences between megapixel and Regardless of their direct impact on to the network and supported by that
HD characteristics, as well as their bandwidth, these features are mak- cable. She pointed out that compared
to Category 5e, Category 6 has “twice
the bandwidth and it performs better
Having better-quality cabling to in conditions such as heat or noise.”
Oliver presented results from sev-
ensure there are no dropped packets eral tests performed in-house. One
such test compared performance of
is important with H.264 compression. three cables at elevated temperatures.
The cables under test were Category
impact on bandwidth consumption, ing cameras more attractive and more 5e, Category 6, and “enhanced”
because these users are receiving a popular. He noted in particular that Category 6—a cable that is not at
number of messages about megapixel progressive-scan capabilities elim- the performance level of Category 6A
and IP—some of them mixed. inate blur in images with motion, but performs with headroom over the
Saks summarized by saying there is whereas interlace-scan technology Category 6 specifications. Not surpris-
no single “best” compression system can yield blurry images. ingly, the better-rated the cable, the
and that the most appropriate system fewer errors it produced at elevated
for a given environment is application- Cabling’s role temperatures.
specific. For example, scenes with Finally, he teed up a discussion of Other tests pitted a premium
many flashing lights or changing col- high-performance cabling systems by Category 6 cable against a minimally
ors are not well-suited for H.264. Still, explaining that bad cabling, or poorly compliant Category 6 cable, both sup-
H.264 compression technology has the installed cabling, can have a real porting baseband video, and a stan-
ability to dramatically decrease fi le effect on systems that use H.264 or dard-compliant Category 6 against
size and corresponding bandwidth as MPEG-4 compression. That is because a non-standard-based twisted-pair
well as storage capacity. He gave the the technology uses previously deliv- cable, both supporting video with
example of the data stream coming ered frames as references. “If a certain electrical interference nearby. Neither
from a 1.3-megapixel video surveil- packet gets lost, those changes will test yielded any surprises, with the
lance camera running at 10 images per continue to propagate until you get to better-performing cable performing
second. Using JPG compression, the the next reference frame,” he explains. fi ne and the minimally compliant and
data stream from that camera would “Having better-quality cabling to non-compliant cables failing to deliver
consume 13 Mbits/sec of through- ensure there are no dropped packets is the video stream consistently.
put. Storing 30 days worth of 24-hour- important in the H.264 world.” As manufacturers of network cam-
per-day video from the camera would In her presentation during the eras add capabilities to their devices,
require 4.5 terabytes of capacity. webcast seminar, Berk-Tek’s Oliver LAN managers will have more band-
Using H.264 compression, the same covered several topics, including width-consuming devices to handle.
stream from that camera would con- the benefits of installing better-per-
sume 1.5 Mbits/sec of throughput and forming cable such as Category 6 Patrick McLaughlin is chief editor of
0.5 terabytes of storage capacity for 30 over Category 5e. “Category 6 has Cabling Installation & Maintenance.
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Presenters:
• Brad Booth, Director of Technology, AppliedMicro’s CTO Office –
discusses the activities that Ethernet will support at work and at home.
• John D’Ambrosia, Director of Ethernet-based Standards, Force10
Networks’ CTO Office – looks beyond 40/100G Ethernet’s introduction
and into demands and challenges driving 400G and Terabit speeds.
• George Zimmerman, Ph.D., Founder of Solarflare and CTO of its PHY
business – examines the requirements and implications of 10GbE
becoming pervasive in the LAN.
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Copper prices, FEP supply could is commonly called Teflon, the way facial tissues are
drive up cable costs commonly called Kleenex and the things we stick too
The steady rise in copper prices over the past 24 months, far into our ears are commonly called Q-Tips. Teflon is
coupled with recent changes in the FEP supply avail- Dupont’s trade name for FEP, but cable manufacturers
able to cable manufacturers, could soon drive up the get FEP from two other suppliers as well: Daikin and
price of UTP cable as well as other twisted-pair cable Dyneon. At least, for now. Dyneon is exiting the FEP
constructions. market early next year.
A steadily upward price trend for copper has occurred One of the three FEP suppliers packing up its gear
since the bottom fell out of the worldwide economy two to leave the market comes at a time when the produc-
years ago. tion of a key raw material used to make FEP has fallen off.
A more recent turn of events affecting the supply of Fluorspar production is reported to have contracted 16 per-
fluorinated ethylene propylene - FEP - is likely to have a cent last year.
greater impact on the cost to cable manufacturers of pro- (This is the part where I start to blame China.)
ducing twisted-pair cable and quite possibly the cost to A report from the United States Geological Survey indi-
consumers that buy it. Dyneon, one of three suppliers of cates that China dwarfed all other countries in its mine
FEP to cable manufacturers, announced it is exiting the production of fluorspar in 2008 and 2009. The report says
FEP business early next year. That will leave Daikin and that in June 2009 “the United States had requested World
Dupont as the two FEP suppliers to the cable industry. Trade Organization dispute settlement consultations with
Overall, fluorine-based products including FEP have China regarding China’s export constraints on numerous
risen in price throughout 2010. All three FEP suppli- important raw materials. The dispute concerned China’s
ers have already increased the prices they charge cable policy that provides substantial competitive advantages
manufacturers for the material and have suggested that for the Chinese industries using these raw materials
another price increase is looming. They also have lim- inputs, including fluorspar.”
ited or allocated the supply of FEP to cable manufacturers, For comparison’s sake, China produced 3.25 million
although no cable manufacturer has stated that they either metric tons of fluorspar in 2008 and 3 million in 2009.
currently have or foresee a shortage that would delay their United States production for those years, combined,
production of cable. totaled a big fat zero. The report also indicates that China
Still, signs point to the potential for a price increase. has 21 million metric tons of fluorspar in reserve. The
U.S.’s reserve is equal to its 2008 and 2009 output. What
Why China’s to blame for FEP-supply situation was that number again? Oh, right. Zero.
For several years China’s ravenous consumption rate of That may change, however, as in mid-August WKMS
just about everything has made an impact on supply- in Kentucky reported on the opening of what it says is the
and-demand levels of, well, just about everything. In the fi rst fluorspar mine to go online in the U.S. in 20 years. In
past we have reported about the price of copper being the story Michael Miller of the USGS, who authored the
affected by China’s consumption of the metal for its aforementioned report, explained that China exported
infrastructure builds. approximately 200,000 of the 3 million tons it produced
Immediately above, we report on the double- last year. He told WKMS, “It basically boils down to
whammy that we expect will increase the price of they’re not exporting it because they’re consuming most
twisted-pair copper cable soon. In addition to the of it domestically in China.”
steadily rising price of copper over the past cou- China consumes like a teenager with an overactive
ple years as well as recent news of its expected fur- pituitary gland. Don’t those teenagers usually enter
ther price jump, the supply of FEP has become an some kind of rebellion period that can wreak havoc on a
issue within the cable manufacturing industry. FEP household?
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:: EDITOR’S PICKS ::
Snake Tray implements and as a company we want to prac- 40-Gbit Ethernet. A Cat 7 spec would
all-solar manufacturing tice green principles in the way we help that cause.
Cable-management product provider operate. This is a giant step toward But also, a TIA Cat 7 spec will indi-
Snake Tray has taken its manufac- achieving this goal.” cate to North American users of struc-
In conjunction with its off- tured cabling systems that Category
the-grid initiative, Snake Tray 6A is not the end of the line for twisted-
introduced two lines of solar pair cabling capabilities. That may
products: the Solar Snake Tray, increase users’ willingness to pur-
which is an all-weather hand- chase Cat 6A, knowing that twisted-
bendable cable conveyance pair cabling has a future beyond it.
system; and industrial and When the Cat 6A spec was finalized,
residential solar panel mount- cable suppliers saw a boost in their
ing racks. Cat 6 sales. The aforementioned sug-
turing operations off the power grid, gestion that users were more willing
using solar energy exclusively to oper- TIA Cat 7 spec may be to buy Cat 6 knowing their migration
ate its manufacturing plant in Bay on the horizon path could eventually continue to Cat
Shore, NY. Snake Tray installed hun- A source with connections to the 6A is one point to consider. Another
dreds of photovoltaic panels on the roof Telecommunications Industry is that with Cat 6A ratified and there-
of its United States factory. The com- Association’s TR-42 Engineering fore viewed as a real standard by many,
pany said it expects to produce 100 Committee says that sometime next there likely was some hesitancy on the
percent of its load and 120 percent of year, the group may take up an issue part of consultants to specify Cat 5e
its energy consumption annually. it has long tabled - the development of cable, which was then two generations
Roger Jette (pictured), Snake Tray’s specifications for Category 7 twisted- behind the best-available standardized
president, says, “We are commit- pair cabling systems. twisted-pair technology. Likewise, if a
ted to providing our customers with Category 7 and Category 7A specs Cat 7 spec comes to fruition, then Cat
cost-effective green products for cable have been part of the ISO 11801 6 cabling will be two steps rather than
management and power distribution cabling specs, which are recognized one step behind the best-available
as an international cabling stan- twisted-pair technology. With that in
dard whereas the TIA-568 series of mind, do not be surprised if there is a
:: BULLETIN BOARDS standards serves North America. decent level of support for Cat 7 within
Apparently an effort by some mem- TIA sometime soon.
bers of TIA TR-42 would have that
organization adopt the ISO Cat 7 White space WiFi research
specs just about verbatim. underway at Rice
There are a few practical reasons Researchers at Rice University have
why supporters of the effort would received a $1.8 million grant from
want the TIA to take on a Cat 7 stan- the National Science Foundation to
dard. Several cabling manufacturers test white space WiFi - the use of a
have been vocal in their support of broad spectral range including dor-
using shielded twisted-pair cabling mant broadcast television channels
systems for high-speed applications to deliver broadband Internet service.
such as 10GBase-T. Some of those The five-year project pairs Rice with
_________ same companies have begun to drum Houston nonprofit group Technology
up interest in a “Base-T” version of For All; they will add white space
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:: EDITOR’S PICKS ::
SHOWCASE ::
technology to the wide-spectrum WiFi network they
already jointly operate in a Houston neighborhood.
Lin Zhong, an assistant professor at Rice and a co-prin-
cipal investigator in the research project, says one area of
study will be to determine how the combination of white
space and WiFi can help users extend battery life and get
improved reception. The research will also examine poten-
tial energy savings derived from powering down WiFi
nodes and covering large portions of the network with a
small number of white-space transmitters during off-peak
hours. Zhong says, “White space and WiFi have quite com-
plementary characteristics. While a WiFi node can provide
a higher data rate, a white space node can cover a much
larger area. The project will study how a dynamic network
architecture can combine these strengths.”
White space refers to the unused frequencies that are
set aside for television broadcasters. Currently WiFi net-
works operate in frequency ranges unlicensed by the
Federal Communications Commission; the existing Rice-
TFA network operates in frequencies between 900 MHz
_____________
Ethernet
IP/Ethernet
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$400
Wire $400 $400
Up to Several Miles
of 2-pair Wire
www.textender.com
800-432-2638 Get a cash rebate for up to $1200
when you buy a DTX CableAnalyzer
this fall. No trade-in required!
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:: EDITOR’S PICKS ::
and 5 GHz. The recent NSF grant will allow research- 3-in-1 tape combines cable-pulling functions
ers to deploy WiFi in the licensed but unused TV spec- L.H. Dottie Company is now offering its 3-in-1 Premise
trum between 500 and 700 MHz. According to research- Muletape. The company says the high-quality pulling tape
ers, the new network will dynamically adapt its frequency substantially reduces cable-installation labor, material, and
use to meet the coverage, capacity and energy-efficiency inventory costs by providing threading line, measuring tape,
demands of the network and its users. and winch line all in one product.
“Engineers often refer to the UHF frequencies between The prelubricated tape reduces friction levels and
500 and 700 megahertz as being the beachfront property eliminates duct cutting, a common issue with conven-
of spectrum,” said Edward Knightly, principal investiga- tional polyester ropes rubbing against conduit walls,
tor on the project and a professor of electrical and computer says the company. Lower elongation reduces pulling
engineering at Rice. “As many WiFi users know, you don’t time, improves safety for workers, and prevents crushed
have to move very far before you drop out of a hotspot. Low- capstans.
frequency TV signals are different. One more wall or one The material is lightweight and easily blown through
more tree is not going to push you beyond the reach of the conduit or innerduct. Accurate sequential footage markings
network. That’s why rabbit-ear antennas served most of the enable monitoring of cable location during a pull, eliminat-
country quite well before cable and satellite came to domi- ing the need for measuring tapes and indicating exactly
nate the market. ... The use of white space should elimi- how much tape remains on the roll.
nate many of the problems related to WiFi dead zones so the The 3-in-1 Premise Muletape is available in two variet-
overall user experience should improve.” ies: PMT1300, which is 1300’ in length and rated at 1800
The grant money will pay for development and testing of pounds of strength; and PMT4500, which is 4500’ in length
custom-built network gear and user devices. and rated at 400 pounds of strength.
INDEX OF ADVERTISERS
AFL Telecommunications LLC ......................................................7
Anixter, Inc. ................................................................................ 3
ADVERTISING SALES OFFICES Bel Stewart Connector ..............................................................13
MAIN OFFICE 98 Spit Brook Road LL-1, Nashua, NH 03062-5737
(603) 891-0123, fax: (603) 891-9245 Berk-Tek ................................................................................... C4
Byte Brothers ............................................................................24
Group Publisher Susan Smith Austria, Eastern Europe,
(603) 891-9447 Germany, Northern Switzerland Cooper B-Line .......................................................................... 20
susans@pennwell.com Holger Gerisch
Associate Publisher/ +49 8801-302430 Corning Cable Systems ............................................................ C2
National Sales Manager/ fax: +49 8801 913220
holgerg@pennwell.com Crenlo LLC ................................................................................16
Reprints Ed Murphy
(603) 891-9260; India Rajan Sharma Data Comm for Business ...........................................................31
fax: (603) 891-9245 +91 11 686 1113
edm@pennwell.com fax: +91 11 686 1112 Diamond Ground Products, Inc. .................................................31
Director, List Sales Bob Dromgoole rajan@interadsindia.com
Fluke Networks, Inc. .................................................................31
(603) 891-9128; Israel Dan Aronovic
bobd@pennwell.com +972 9 899 5813 ICC Premise Wiring ....................................................................15
aronovic@actcom.co.il
INTERNATIONAL Asia Adonis Mak
Leviton Network Solutions .....................................................4, 19
U.K. & Scandinavia Tony Hill +852 2 838 6298
+44 0 1442-239547
Live Wire and Cable .................................................................. 30
fax: +852 2 838 2766
tonyh@pennwell.com adonism@actintl.com.hk OFS Optics ................................................................................14
France, Netherlands, Japan Manami Konishi
Belgium, Andora, Greece, Optical Cable Corp. ..................................................................... 9
+81 3 5771 8886
Spain, Portugal, Western fax: +81 3 5771 8887 Siemon Company ......................................................................10
Switzerland manami.konishi@ex-press.jp
Luis Matutano Universal Electric Corporation .............................................22-23
+33 1 39 66 16 87 Taiwan Cindy Yang
fax: +33 1 39 23 84 18 +886 2 2396-5128 #246
luism@pennwell.com fax: +886 2 8751 8861 The index of advertisers is published as a service, and the publisher
cindy@arco.com.tw does not assume any liability for errors or omissions.
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Be in the spotlight
The Utility Products Conference & Exposition brings the pages of Utility Products magazine
to life and brings together buyers and sellers of power, telecom, CATV and water equipment,
providing them an opportunity to learn firsthand about their industries’ latest products.
Owned & Produced by: Flagship Media Sponsor: Supporting Publications: Host Utility:
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